In order to acquire fertilization competence, spermatozoa have to undergo biochemical changes in the female reproductive tract, known as capacitation. Signaling pathways that take place during the capacitation process are much investigated issue. However, the role and regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) in this process are still not clear. Previously, we reported that short-time activation of protein kinase A (PRKA, PKA) leads to PI3K activation and protein kinase Cα (PRKCA, PKCα) inhibition. In the present study, we found that during the capacitation PI3K phosphorylation/activation increases. PI3K activation was PRKA dependent, and down-regulated by PRKCA. PRKCA is found to be highly active at the beginning of the capacitation, conditions in which PI3K is not active. Moreover, inhibition of PRKCA causes significant activation of PI3K. Similar activation of PI3K is seen when the phosphatase PPP1 is blocked suggesting that PPP1 regulates PI3K activity. We found that during the capacitation PRKCA and PPP1CC2 (PP1γ2) form a complex, and the two enzymes were degraded during the capacitation, suggesting that this degradation enables the activation of PI3K. This degradation is mediated by PRKA, indicating that in addition to the direct activation of PI3K by PRKA, this kinase can enhance PI3K phosphorylation indirectly by enhancing the degradation and inactivation of PRKCA and PPP1CC2.
Protein kinase A and protein kinase Cα/PPP1CC2 play opposing roles in the regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation in bovine sperm
