The ultrasound extract of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fr.) Quél alleviates metabolic syndromes in hyperlipidaemic Wistar-Kyoto rats fed with a high-fat diet

Epidemiologic studies have indicated that dyslipidemia may facilitate the progression of neuronal degeneration. However, the effects of chronic dyslipidemia on brain function, especially in older individuals, remain unclear. In this study, middle-aged 37-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks (i.e., until 67 weeks of age). To study the effects of chronic dyslipidemia on the brain, we analyzed spontaneous locomotor activity, cognitive function, and brain tissues in both groups of rats after 30 weeks. Compared with age-matched rats fed a ND, Wistar-Kyoto rats fed a HFD had dyslipidemia and showed decreased movement but normal recognition of a novel object. In our brain analyses, we observed a significant decrease in astrocytes and tyrosine hydroxylase–containing neurons in the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus of rats fed a HFD compared with rats fed a ND. However, hippocampal pyramidal neurons were not affected. Our findings indicate that the long-term consumption of a HFD may cause lipid metabolism overload in the brain and damage to glial cells. The decrease in astrocytes may lead to reduced protection of the brain and affect the survival of tyrosine hydroxylase–containing neurons but not pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus.

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The Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Early Changes in Arterial Function during High-Fat Diet and Its Combination with High-Fructose Intake in Rats

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines9111552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1552

Author(s):

Jozef Torok ◽

Anna Zemancikova ◽

Zuzana Valaskova ◽

Peter Balis

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Control Diet ◽

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

High Fat ◽

Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽

Fructose Intake ◽

High Fructose ◽

Wistar Kyoto ◽

Isolated Arteries

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of a high-fat diet and its combination with high-fructose intake on young normotensive rats, with focus on the modulatory effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the reactivity of isolated arteries. Six-week-old Wistar–Kyoto rats were treated for 8 weeks with a control diet (10% fat), a high-fat diet (HFD; 45% fat), or a combination of the HFD with a 10% solution of fructose. Contractile and relaxant responses of isolated rat arteries, with preserved and removed PVAT for selected vasoactive stimuli, were recorded isometrically by a force displacement transducer. The results demonstrated that, in young rats, eight weeks of the HFD might lead to body fat accumulation and early excitation of the cardiovascular sympathetic nervous system, as shown by increased heart rate and enhanced arterial contractile responses induced by endogenous noradrenaline released from perivascular sympathetic nerves. The addition of high-fructose intake deteriorated this state by impairment of arterial relaxation and resulted in mild elevation of systolic blood pressure; however, the increase in arterial neurogenic contractions was not detected. The diet-induced alterations in isolated arteries were observed only in the presence of PVAT, indicating that this structure is important in initiation of early vascular changes during the development of metabolic syndrome.

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Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies reduce obesity and metabolic syndromes induced by a high-fat diet

Translational Research ◽

10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 182 ◽

pp. 61-74.e8 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Chien-Wei Lee ◽

Wei-Ting Hsiao ◽

Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell ◽

Stromal Cell ◽

High Fat ◽

Metabolic Syndromes

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Beneficial impacts of fermented celery juice on the obesity prevention and gut microbiota modulation in high-fat diet fed mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/d1fo00560j ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dong Zhao ◽

Jinhu Cao ◽

Huiqin Jin ◽

Yanke Shan ◽

Jian Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Obesity Prevention ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Metabolic Syndromes

Abstract: Metabolic syndromes caused obesity has long been recognized as a risk of health. Celery and celery extracts have various medicinal properties, such as anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and blood glucose and...

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Simvastatin and tempol protect against endothelial dysfunction and renal injury in a model of obesity and hypertension

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.00351.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (1) ◽

pp. F86-F94 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Sarah F. Knight ◽

Jianghe Yuan ◽

Siddhartha Roy ◽

John D. Imig

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Renal Injury ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Glomerular Injury ◽

High Fat ◽

Simvastatin Treatment ◽

Wky Rats ◽

Wistar Kyoto

Obesity and hypertension are risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease. The mechanisms by which elevated blood pressure and fatty acids lead to the development of renal injury are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the contributions of cholesterol and oxidative stress to renal endothelial dysfunction and glomerular injury in a model of obesity and hypertension. Male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed a normal diet, a high-fat diet, a high-fat diet with tempol, or a high-fat diet with simvastatin for up to 10 wk. Blood pressure was not altered by a high-fat diet or treatments. After 3 wk, renal afferent dilatory responses to acetylcholine were impaired in WKY rats and SHR fed a high-fat diet. Tempol treatment prevented this vascular dysfunction in both strains; however, simvastatin treatment demonstrated greater beneficial effects in the SHR. Albuminuria was observed in the SHR and was exacerbated by a high-fat diet. Tempol and simvastatin treatment significantly ameliorated albuminuria in the SHR fed a high-fat diet. Ten weeks on a high-fat resulted in an increase in urinary 8-isoprostane in WKY rats and SHR, and tempol and simvastatin treatment prevented this increase, indicating a reduction in renal oxidative stress. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion was significantly elevated by a high-fat diet in both strains, and tempol prevented this increase. Interestingly, simvastatin treatment had no effect on MCP-1 levels. These data indicate that tempol and simvastatin treatment via a reduction in oxidative stress improve renal endothelial function and decrease glomerular injury in a model of obesity and hypertension.

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A fucoidan from sea cucumber Pearsonothuria graeffei with well-repeated structure alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic syndromes in HFD-fed mice

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c8fo01174e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 5371-5380 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Shan Li ◽

Junhui Li ◽

Guizhu Mao ◽

Tiantian Wu ◽

Yaqin Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Sea Cucumber ◽

Major Contributor ◽

High Fat ◽

Repeated Structure ◽

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽

Metabolic Syndromes

A high-fat diet (HFD) has been a major contributor to increasing morbidity caused by metabolic syndromes.

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Exercise alters cardiovascular and renal pregnancy adaptations in female rats born small on a high-fat diet

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00260.2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dayana Mahizir ◽

Jessica F. Briffa ◽

Kristina Anevska ◽

Glenn D. Wadley ◽

Karen M. Mortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Renal Function ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Female Rats ◽

High Fat ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Wistar Kyoto

Intrauterine growth restriction programs adult cardiorenal disease, which may be exacerbated by pregnancy and obesity. Importantly, exercise has positive cardiovascular effects. This study determined if high-fat-feeding exacerbates the known adverse cardiorenal adaptations to pregnancy in rats born small and whether endurance exercise can prevent these complications. Uteroplacental insufficiency was induced by bilateral uterine vessel ligation (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery on embryonic day 18 (E18) in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Female offspring consumed a Chow or High-fat-diet (HFD) from weaning and were randomly allocated an exercise protocol at 16 weeks; Sedentary, Exercised before and during pregnancy (Exercise), or Exercised during pregnancy only (PregEx). Systolic blood pressure was measured pre-pregnancy and rats were mated at 20 weeks. During pregnancy, systolic blood pressure (E18) and renal function (E19) were assessed. Sedentary HFD Control females had increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) compared to Chow. Compared to Control, Sedentary Restricted females had increased eGFR, which was not influenced by HFD. Renal function was not affected by exercise and pre-pregnancy blood pressure was not altered. Restricted Chow-fed dams and dams fed a high-fat-diet had a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure during late gestation, which was only prevented by Exercise. In summary, high-fat fed females born small are at a greater risk of altered cardiorenal adaptations to pregnancy. Although cardiovascular dysfunction was prevented by Exercise, renal dysfunction was not affected by exercise interventions. This study highlights that modifiable risk factors can have beneficial effects in the mother during pregnancy, which may impact fetal growth and development.

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