Single phase blend: An advanced microwave process for improved quality low-cost biodiesel production from kitchen food waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 273-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepayan Priyadarshi ◽  
Kakoli Karar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Microwave Process

scholarly journals Optimization of Feed Components to Improve Hermetia illucens Growth and Development of Oil Extractor to Produce Biodiesel

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573
Author(s):  
Kyu-Shik Lee ◽  
Eun-Young Yun ◽  
Tae-Won Goo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Optimal Feed

HIL are useful in agriculture because they can be used as feed for livestock or fertilizer and can bioconvert organic wastes, such as food waste and human and animal manure to usable fertilizer. In addition, HIL are being studied as a source of biodiesel because of their high-fat content. However, their use for biodiesel production has not been fully adopted. Here, the results showed that survival, weight gains, and total dried weight were significantly enhanced when HIL were fed dried-food waste (DFW)/chicken manure (CM). Furthermore, increased weight gain was observed in HIL fed DFW containing 5 mL waste cooking oil (WCO) per 100 g and 1.2% (v/w) fermented effective microorganism (F-EM). Based on these results, we prepared experimental feeds containing DFW, CM, WCO, and F-EM to establish an optimal feed for biodiesel production. We found that FT-1-2, a feed prepared with 60 g DFW, 40 g CM, 2 mL WCO, and 0.8% F-EM (v/w), significantly enhanced fat content, weight gain, and total dried weight of HIL. Our results indicate FT-1-2 is a suitable feed to breed HIL for biodiesel production. We then developed an automatic oil extractor for biodiesel production. The yield of the oil extractor was higher than that of solvent extraction. The study shows FT-1-2 is an optimal HIL feed for biodiesel production and that the developed oil extractor is useful for the extraction of crude oil from HIL and for the harvesting of defatted HIL frass for livestock feed and fertilizer. Taken together, we established an optimized low-cost feed for HIL breeding and developed an automatic oil extractor for the production of biodiesel from HIL.

scholarly journals An Overview of Biodiesel Production via Calcium Oxide Based Catalysts: Current State and Perspective

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3950
Author(s):  
Hoora Mazaheri ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
Zeynab Amini ◽  
Haji Hassan Masjuki ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Common ◽  
Activity Mechanism

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies.

DEPOSITION OF SINGLE-PHASE CuInSe2 THIN FILMS UNDER LOW VACUUM LEVEL BY A TWO-STAGE GROWTH TECHNIQUE

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. CHU ◽  
H. B. ZHU ◽  
Z. A. WANG ◽  
Z. Q. BIAN ◽  
Z. SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Rf Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
Sputtering Deposition ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Efficient

Single-phase CuInSe 2 films were grown by high vapor selenization of CuIn alloy precursors within a partially closed graphite box. The CuIn precursors were prepared using Cu x In y alloy targets with different composition rates under low vacuum level by a homemade sputtering system. The Cu and In composition rates of the used targets are 11:9, 10:10, and 9:11, respectively. The metallic precursor films were selenized using a two-step temperature profile, i.e. at 250°C and 400–500°C, respectively. The influence of the temperature at the second selenization step on the quality of the CIS absorbing layers was investigated. The CIS films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The deposited CIS absorbers selenized at a high temperature of 500°C for 30 min exhibited a single-phase chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation in the (112) direction. These layers display uniform, large, and densely packed crystals with a grain size of about 3–5 μm. Cadmium sulfide buffer layer was manufactured by chemical bath deposition method. Bilayers ZnO / ZnO : Al were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering deposition. CIS solar cells with an efficiency of about 6.5% were produced without antireflective films. The method to fabricate CIS solar cells by a combination of the low vacuum sputtering deposition and the graphite box selenization process has provided a simple control process and shown a promising potential for developing high efficient and low-cost CuInSe 2 solar cells.

Design and Implementation of Wireless Voltage Monitoring System Based on Zigbee

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luo Xiaohui
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Voltage Sensor ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Phase Voltage ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Three Phase

This paper proposed a low cost wireless monitoring system based on ZigBee wireless transmission, and designed a new floating voltage sensor which is suitable for the monitoring of medium voltage and high voltage(MV/HV) public equipment. The system used TI-CC2530 as the controller, proposed a new moving average voltage sensing(MAVS) algorithm by reasonable assumptions, and adopted algorithms to perform the theoretical analysis for the single phase and three-phase voltage. At last, the author carried out a practical experiment on the wireless floating voltage sensor under the voltage up to 30kV, the experimental results showed that the proposed low cost wireless sensor can achieve a good voltage monitoring function, and the error is less than 3%.

Study of an energy-integrated biodiesel production process using supercritical methanol and a low-cost feedstock

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora L. Manuale ◽  
Gerardo C. Torres ◽  
Carlos R. Vera ◽  
Juan C. Yori
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Supercritical Methanol

Effects of Aluminum Doping on The Phase Stability and Electrochemical Properties of LiCoO2 and LiMnO2

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-I. Jang ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
Y.-M. Chiang ◽  
D. R. Sadoway
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reversible Capacity ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Teller Distortion ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Jahn Teller ◽  
Li Battery ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Jahn Teller Distortion

ABSTRACTAluminum is of interest as a constituent for Li battery electrodes due to its low cost and low mass, and because ab initio calculations indicate that solid solution of LiAlO2 with LiMO2 (M = transition metal) in the α-NaFeO2 structure can increase intercalation voltage [1]. In this study, we investigated the effect of Al doping on LiCoO2 and LiMnO2. Single phase LiAlyCo1-yO2 has been synthesized up to y = 0.5 by firing homogenous hydroxide precursors. A systematic increase in the open circuit voltage is observed with Al content. In LiAlyMn1-yO2, the addition of LiAlO2 stabilizes LiMnO2 in the α-NaFeO2 structure under conditions where neither endmember is stable in the structure. High reversible capacity was obtained over both a 4 V and 3 V plateau, indicating that the compound transforms to a spinel-related structure during cycling, but that the cooperative Jahn-Teller distortion is suppressed.

scholarly journals Waste Conversion into a Sweetener—Development of an Innovative Strategy for Erythritol Production by Yarrowia lipolytica

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7122
Author(s):  
Ludwika Tomaszewska-Hetman ◽  
Waldemar Rymowicz ◽  
Anita Rywińska
Keyword(s):  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Corn Steep Liquor ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Steep Liquor

The study proposed the innovative low-cost strategy for erythritol production by Yarrowia lipolytica through developing a simple medium based on industrial waste by-products and a natural method for culture broth purification. Results obtained proved that corn steep liquor might successfully replace traditional sources of nitrogen and other nutrients without compromising activities of the enzymes responsible for erythritol production and its production level. As a consequence, a production process was performed where Y. lipolytica A-6 was able to produce 108.0 g/L of erythritol, with a production rate of 1.04 g/Lh and a yield of 0.45 g/g of the medium containing exclusively 220 g/L of crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production and 40 g/L of corn steep liquor. Moreover, a comparable concentration of erythritol (108.1 g/L) was obtained when a part of crude glycerol was exchanged for the crude fraction of fatty acids in the two-steps process. Next, the collected post-fermentation broths were used in the culture with Y. lipolytica Wratislavia K1 for natural purification. The process resulted in a high increase of erythritol selectivity from 72% to 97% and in the production of 22.0 g/L of biomass with 40.4% protein content, which enables its use as an attractive animal feedstuff.

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