Exploring the potential of symbiotic fungal endophytes in cereal disease suppression

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen A. O’Hanlon ◽  
Kamilla Knorr ◽  
Lise Nistrup Jørgensen ◽  
Mogens Nicolaisen ◽  
Birte Boelt
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Cereal Disease

scholarly journals Endophytic fungal communities associated with field-grown soybean roots and seeds in the Huang-Huai region of China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Yang ◽  
Wenwu Ye ◽  
Jiaxin Ma ◽  
Dandan Zeng ◽  
Zhenyang Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Abundant Genus ◽  
Culture Dependent

Plants depend on beneficial interactions between roots and fungal endophytes for growth, disease suppression, and stress tolerance. In this study, we characterized the endophytic fungal communities associated with the roots and corresponding seeds of soybeans grown in the Huang-Huai region of China. For the roots, we identified 105 and 50 genera by culture-independent and culture-dependent (CD) methods, respectively, and isolated 136 fungal strains (20 genera) from the CD samples. Compared with the 52 soybean endophytic fungal genera reported in other countries, 28 of the genera we found were reported, and 90 were newly discovered. Even though Fusarium was the most abundant genus of fungal endophyte in every sample, soybean root samples from three cities exhibited diverse endophytic fungal communities, and the results between samples of roots and seeds were also significantly different. Together, we identified the major endophytic fungal genera in soybean roots and seeds, and revealed that the diversity of soybean endophytic fungal communities was influenced by geographical effects and tissues. The results will facilitate a better understanding of soybean–endophytic fungi interaction systems and will assist in the screening and utilization of beneficial microorganisms to promote healthy of plants such as soybean.

Search for novel metabolites in fungal endophytes: study of Phomopsis sp. and Colletotrichum sp. co-cultivation and Botryosphaeria mamane epigenetic modification

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
A Triastuti ◽  
M Vansteelandt ◽  
F Barakat ◽  
P Jargeat ◽  
L Rieusset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Fungal Endophytes

Evaluating the in vitro antituberculosis, antibacterial and antioxidant potential of fungal endophytes isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyatullah Shah ◽  
Muzafar Ahmad Rather ◽  
Aabid Manzoor Shah ◽  
Saleem Mushtaq ◽  
Aehtesham Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

The chitinase activity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) roots against fungal endophytes and pathogenic Ganoderma boninense

Plant Omics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (05) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurnaliza ◽  
◽  
Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti ◽  
Agus Susanto ◽  
I Nyoman Pugeg Aryantha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

Biological Control Through Fungal Endophytes: Gaps In Knowledge Hindering Success

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suryanarayanan. T.S. ◽  
Govinda Rajulu M.B. ◽  
Vidal. S
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fungal Endophytes

scholarly journals Cellulase Activity as a Mechanism for Suppression of Phytophthora Root Rot in Mulches

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantlee Spakes Richter ◽  
Kelly Ivors ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
D. M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Standard Curve

Wood-based mulches are used in avocado production and are being tested on Fraser fir for reduction of Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Research with avocado has suggested a role of microbial cellulase enzymes in pathogen suppression through effects on the cellulosic cell walls of Phytophthora. This work was conducted to determine whether cellulase activity could account for disease suppression in mulch systems. A standard curve was developed to correlate cellulase activity in mulches with concentrations of a cellulase product. Based on this curve, cellulase activity in mulch samples was equivalent to a cellulase enzyme concentration of 25 U ml–1 or greater of product. Sustained exposure of P. cinnamomi to cellulase at 10 to 50 U ml–1 significantly reduced sporangia production, but biomass was only reduced with concentrations over 100 U ml–1. In a lupine bioassay, cellulase was applied to infested soil at 100 or 1,000 U ml–1 with three timings. Cellulase activity diminished by 47% between 1 and 15 days after application. Cellulase applied at 100 U ml–1 2 weeks before planting yielded activity of 20.08 μmol glucose equivalents per gram of soil water (GE g–1 aq) at planting, a level equivalent to mulch samples. Cellulase activity at planting ranged from 3.35 to 48.67 μmol GE g–1 aq, but no treatment significantly affected disease progress. Based on in vitro assays, cellulase activity in mulch was sufficient to impair sporangia production of P. cinnamomi, but not always sufficient to impact vegetative biomass.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial metabolite profiling of Nigrospora sphaerica from Adiantum philippense L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolathuru Puttamadaiah Ramesha ◽  
Nagabhushana Chandra Mohana ◽  
Bettadapura Rameshgowda Nuthan ◽  
Devaraju Rakshith ◽  
Sreedharamurthy Satish
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolite ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Abstract Background Endophyte bestows beneficial aspects to its inhabiting host, along with a contribution to diverse structural attributes with biological potential. In this regard, antimicrobial profiling of fungal endophytes from medicinal plant Adiantum philippense revealed bioactive Nigrospora sphaerica from the leaf segment. Chemical and biological profiling through TLC–bioautography and hyphenated spectroscopic techniques confirmed the presence of phomalactone as an antimicrobial metabolite. Results The chemical investigation of the broth extract by bioassay-guided fractionation confirmed phomalactone as a bioactive antimicrobial secondary metabolite. The antimicrobial activity of phomalactone was found to be highest against Escherichia coli by disc diffusion assay. The MIC was found to be significant against both Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas campestris in the case of bacteria and dermatophyte Candida albicans at 150 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusions Overall, the results highlighted the antimicrobial potential of phomalactone from the endophyte Nigrospora sphaerica exhibiting a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against human and phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. This work is the first report regarding the antibacterial activity of phomalactone.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plant Ephedra pachyclada as Plant Growth-Promoting

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
Sultan M. Alsharif ◽  
Ahmed M. Eid ◽  
Emad El-Din Ewais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi are widely present in internal plant tissues and provide different benefits to their host. Medicinal plants have unexplored diversity of functional fungal association; therefore, this study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with leaves of medicinal plants Ephedra pachyclada and evaluate their plant growth-promoting properties. Fifteen isolated fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota, with three different genera, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, were obtained from healthy leaves of E. pachyclada. These fungal endophytes have varied antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microbes and produce ammonia and indole acetic acid (IAA), in addition to their enzymatic activity. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 had a maximum IAA productivity of 192.1 ± 4.04 µg mL−1 in the presence of 5 µg mL−1 tryptophan. The fungal isolates of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium chrysogenum EP-3, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 exhibited variable efficiency for solubilizing phosphate salts. Five representative fungal endophytes of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium commune EP-5, Penicillium caseifulvum EP-11, Alternaria tenuissima EP-13, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 and their consortium were selected and applied as bioinoculant to maize plants. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 increased root lengths from 15.8 ± 0.8 to 22.1 ± 0.6. Moreover, the vegetative growth features of inoculated maize plants improved more than the uninoculated ones.

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