The main bioactive compounds of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. for alleviation of inflammatory cytokines: A comprehensive review

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramatuelle and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (skullcap) have been used as safe raw materials for drinking or as traditional medicines in Korea. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of ovalbumin-induced asthma in a mouse model. After establishing the model, mice were treated with a mixture of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts at different mixing ratios (6 : 4, 7 : 3, and 8 : 2). Immune cell counts and the production of various inflammatory cytokines were measured using biochemical tests. Among the mixtures tested, the 7 : 3 ratio (CS73) showed the most pronounced effects. CS73 significantly reduced the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-17E in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. In addition, CS73 treatment significantly increased the production of IL-2 and interferon-γ and decreased the production of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in asthmatic mice compared to the control group. Our results suggest that the combination of chrysanthemum and skullcap extracts, especially at a 7 : 3 ratio, can be used to improve bronchial health and contribute to improved public health.

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A draft reference genome sequence for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

10.1101/398032 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Qing Zhao ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Jie Liu ◽

Meng-Ying Cui ◽

Yuming Fang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Genome Sequence ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Reference Genome ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Reference Genome Sequence ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽

Important Medicinal Plant

AbstractScutellaria baicalensis Georgi is an important medicinal plant used worldwide. Information about the genome of this species is important for scientists studying the metabolic pathways that synthesise the bioactive compounds in this plant. Here, we report a draft reference genome sequence for S. baicalensis obtained by a combination of Illumina and PacBio sequencing, which was assembled using 10 X Genomics and Hi-C technologies. We assembled 386.63 Mb of the 408.14 Mb genome, amounting to about 94.73% of the total genome size, and the sequences were anchored onto 9 pseudochromosomes with a super-N50 of 33.2 Mb. The reference genome sequence of S. baicalensis offers an important foundation for understanding the biosynthetic pathways for bioactive compounds in this medicinal plant and for its improvement through molecular breeding.

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Antimicrobial Activities of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Against Various Pathogens and Spoilage Bacteria Isolated from Tofu

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2007.36.4.470 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 470-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

In-Taeck Woo ◽

Kyung-Nam Park ◽

Shin-Ho Lee

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽

Spoilage Bacteria

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Демографическая структура ценопопуляций Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi в связи с климатическими градиентами и локальными факторами

Экология ◽

10.1134/s0367059719030168 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 236-239

Author(s):

Д. В. Санданов ◽

С. Росбах

Keyword(s):

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi

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Processed Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Extract Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress through a Crosstalk between NF-κB and KEAP1/NRF2 Signaling in Macrophage Cells

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136055 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6055

Author(s):

Akhtar Ali ◽

En-Hyung Kim ◽

Jong-Hyun Lee ◽

Kang-Hyun Leem ◽

Shin Seong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Prostaglandin E ◽

Scutellaria Baicalensis Georgi ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Clinical Benefits ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Prolonged inflammation results in chronic diseases that can be associated with a range of factors. Medicinal plants and herbs provide synergistic benefits based on the interaction of multiple phytochemicals. The dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its compounds possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anticancer effects. Processing is a traditional method to achieve clinical benefits by improving therapeutic efficacy and lowering toxicity. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of processed Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract (PSGE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Data using Griess assay and ELISA showed that PSGE decreased nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels against LPS. PSGE treatment up-regulated 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), while cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 expression did not change. Interestingly, PGE2 inhibition was regulated by prostaglandin catabolic enzyme 15-PGDH rather than COX-2/mPGES-1, enzymes essential for PGE2 synthesis. Additionally, PSGE-suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production through NF-κB signaling. NF-κB release from an inactive complex was inhibited by HO-1 which blocked IκBα phosphorylation. The ROS levels lowered by PSGE were measured with the H2DCFDA probe. PSGE activated NRF2 signaling and increased antioxidant Hmox1, Nqo1, and Txn1 gene expression, while reducing KEAP1 expression. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 confirmed that the antioxidant enzyme induction by PSGE was responsible for ROS reduction. In conclusion, PSGE demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects due to NRF2/HO-1-mediated NF-κB and ROS inhibition.

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