Retraction notice to A pilot-scale biomass pyrolytic poly-generation plant performance study and self-sufficiency assessment Bioresource Technology 273 (2019) 439–445

Limitations of traditional first-law analysis, based upon thermodynamic performance of process unit coupled with mass and energy balances, are not a serious limitation when dealing with familiar systems. However, when dealing with more uncongenial, complex ones, it provides incomplete insight for such evaluation. These limitations came from the fact that first-law analysis does not indicate the sources or magnitudes of entropy production, which is, by the second law, essential criterion for scaling losses. An evaluation of plant performance will usually require a comparison of the thermodynamic performance of process units with available data from existing plants. Therefore, exergy analysis is more than useful, providing information about magnitudes of losses and their distribution throughout the system as well. Such analysis is very thankful at the level of process units but applied on higher system levels e.g. the comparison of overall plant performance (total system) or the performance of subsystems, represents the valuable method for indicating where research resources can be directed to best advantage.

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Pilot plant test of the advanced flash stripper for CO2 capture

Faraday Discussions ◽

10.1039/c6fd00029k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 192 ◽

pp. 37-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yu-Jeng Lin ◽

Eric Chen ◽

Gary T. Rochelle

Keyword(s):

Pilot Plant ◽

Energy Use ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Optimum Operating ◽

Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽

Pilot Plant Test ◽

Plant Test ◽

Plant Data

Alternative stripping processes have been proposed to reduce energy use for CO2 capture, but only a few have been applied to pilot-scale experiments. This paper presents the first pilot plant test results of one of the most promising stripper configurations, the advanced flash stripper with cold and warm rich solvent bypass. The campaign using aqueous piperazine was carried out at UT Austin in 2015. The advanced flash stripper improves the heat duty by over 25% compared to previous campaigns using the two-stage flash, achieving 2.1 GJ per tonne CO2 of heat duty and 32 kJ mol−1 CO2 of total equivalent work. The bypass control strategy proposed minimized the heat duty. The test successfully demonstrated the remarkable energy performance and the operability of this advanced system. An Aspen Plus® model was validated using the pilot plant data and used to explore optimum operating and design conditions. The irreversibility analysis showed that the pilot plant performance has attained 50% thermodynamic efficiency and further energy improvement should focus on the absorber and the cross exchanger by increasing absorption rate and solvent capacity.

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Photocatalytic degradation of commercial acetaminophen: evaluation, modeling, and scaling-up of photoreactors

10.32920/14668896.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Déyler Castilla-Caballero ◽

Fiderman Machuca-Martínez ◽

Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte ◽

José Colina-Márquez

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Photon Absorption ◽

Turbulent Regime ◽

Emission Model ◽

Solar Radiation Intensity ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Catalyst Load

In this work, the performance of a pilot-scale solar CPC reactor was evaluated for the degradation of commercial acetaminophen, using TiO2 P25 as a catalyst. The statistical Taguchi’s method was used to estimate the combination of initial pH and catalyst load while tackling the variability of the solar radiation intensity under tropical weather conditions through the estimation of the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the controllable variables. Moreover, a kinetic law that included the explicit dependence on the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) was used. The radiant field was estimated by joining the Six Flux Model (SFM) with a solar emission model based on clarity index (KC), whereas the mass balance was coupled to the hydrodynamic equations, corresponding to the turbulent regime. For scaling-up purposes, the ratio of the total area-to-total-pollutant volume (AT/VT) was varied for observing the effect of this parameter on the overall plant performance. The Taguchi’s experimental design results showed that the best combination of initial pH and catalyst load was 9 and 0.6 g L−1, respectively. Also, full-scale plants would require far fewer ratios of AT/VT than for pilot or intermediate-scale ones. This information may be beneficial for reducing assembling costs of photocatalytic reactors scaling-up.

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Monitoring protozoa and metazoa biofilm communities for assessing wastewater quality impact and reactor up-scaling effects

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2000.0460 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 41 (4-5) ◽

pp. 309-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J. Fried ◽

G. Mayr ◽

H. Berger ◽

W. Traunspurger ◽

R. Psenner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Large Scale ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Scaling Effects ◽

Wastewater Quality ◽

Biofilm Structure ◽

Composition Changes ◽

Up Scaling

The succession of biofilm communities with special emphasis on ciliates, rotifers, and nematodes was monitored for half a year and compared to different operating conditions in order to evaluate plant performance and effect of up-scaling lab scale to large scale reactors. Ciliates and metazoa are able to rapidly change their communities as a reaction to changed plant operating conditions as has been proven true by comparing lab scale and pilot scale reactors. Even slight operational changes are causing major shifts in biofilm communities. Nematodes and rotifers in lab scale and large scale reactors seem to be in competition with peritrich ciliates. In both lab scale and pilot scale systems ciliates of the subclass Peritrichia proved to be dominant and thus to play an important role in both the species composition of the biofilm biocenosis and biofilm structure. Interpretation of biocenosis composition changes for large scale reactors is much more complex than for lab scale reactors. This conflicts with up-scaling of lab scale results to full scale reactors.

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Photocatalytic degradation of commercial acetaminophen: evaluation, modeling, and scaling-up of photoreactors

10.32920/14668896 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Déyler Castilla-Caballero ◽

Fiderman Machuca-Martínez ◽

Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte ◽

José Colina-Márquez

Keyword(s):

Weather Conditions ◽

Scaling Up ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Photon Absorption ◽

Turbulent Regime ◽

Emission Model ◽

Solar Radiation Intensity ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Catalyst Load

In this work, the performance of a pilot-scale solar CPC reactor was evaluated for the degradation of commercial acetaminophen, using TiO2 P25 as a catalyst. The statistical Taguchi’s method was used to estimate the combination of initial pH and catalyst load while tackling the variability of the solar radiation intensity under tropical weather conditions through the estimation of the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the controllable variables. Moreover, a kinetic law that included the explicit dependence on the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) was used. The radiant field was estimated by joining the Six Flux Model (SFM) with a solar emission model based on clarity index (KC), whereas the mass balance was coupled to the hydrodynamic equations, corresponding to the turbulent regime. For scaling-up purposes, the ratio of the total area-to-total-pollutant volume (AT/VT) was varied for observing the effect of this parameter on the overall plant performance. The Taguchi’s experimental design results showed that the best combination of initial pH and catalyst load was 9 and 0.6 g L−1, respectively. Also, full-scale plants would require far fewer ratios of AT/VT than for pilot or intermediate-scale ones. This information may be beneficial for reducing assembling costs of photocatalytic reactors scaling-up.

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PILOT -SCALE, HIGH-STRENGTH INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT EVALUATION BY MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0078 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 119-128

Author(s):

Elemér Dobolyi ◽

Imre Takács

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Full Scale ◽

Phosphate Removal ◽

Experimental Results ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Plant Design ◽

Effluent Standards

An existing rendering plant wastewater treatment facility has to be upgraded to meet the newly set British and more stringent EC effluent standards. After detailed analysis it turned out, that the existing treatment plant cannot be upgraded, a new plant has to be built. The rendering plant processes slaughterhouse wastes. The wastewater contains easily biodegradable organic substances, mainly organic acids, organic bonded nitrogen and ammonia. According to the new effluent standards the main task, besides the organic removal was the complete removal of nitrogen. The aim of this study was to find out the best available technology and the basic wastewater design data. For this purpose, on site pilot scale experiments were carried out. In several test runs the influent BOD and T K N have varied of between 1400-5500 and 460-1120 mg/l, respectively. Based on the experimental results, single-sludge nitrification-denitrification technology was selected for the full scale treatment plant. The plant was extended by chemical phosphate removal applying the post-precipitation method. In addition to the experimental schedule, a mathematical model of the plant was developed for two purposes.– to verify the applicability of the general activated sludge model under high concentration influent conditions, and– to generalize experimental results and provide a tool to predict plant performance under full scale conditions. On the basis of successful pilot plant experiments and model calibration, full scale plant design parameters were determined and presented. The full scale plant is under construction.

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Towards the Removal of Antibiotics Detected in Wastewaters in the POCTEFA Territory: Occurrence and TiO2 Photocatalytic Pilot-Scale Plant Performance

Water ◽

10.3390/w12051453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel Moles ◽

Rosa Mosteo ◽

Jairo Gómez ◽

Joanna Szpunar ◽

Sebastiano Gozzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Catalyst Recovery ◽

Treated Effluent ◽

Antibiotic Compounds ◽

North Of Spain ◽

Photocatalytic Tio2

This research aims to assess the presence of four antibiotic compounds detected in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the POCTEFA territory (north of Spain and south of France) during the period of 2018–2019, and to relate the removal of antibiotic compounds with the processes used in the WWTPs. The performance of a photocatalytic TiO2/UV-VIS pilot-scale plant was then evaluated for the degradation of selected antibiotics previously detected in urban treated effluent. The main results reflect that azithromycin had the highest mass loadings (11.3 g/day per 1000 inhabitants) in the influent of one of the selected WWTPs. The results also show considerable differences in the extent of antibiotics removal in WWTPs ranging from 100% for sulfadiazine to practically 0% for trimethoprim. Finally, the photocatalytic TiO2/UV-VIS pilot-scale plant achieved the removal of the four antibiotics after 240 min of treatment from 78%–80% for trimethoprim and enrofloxacin, up to 100% for amoxicillin, sulfadiazine and azithromycin. The catalyst recovery via mechanical coagulation–flocculation–decantation was almost total. The Ti concentration in the effluent of the TiO2/UV-VIS pilot-scale plant was lower than 0.1% (w/w), and its release into the environment was subsequently minimized.

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On the performance of a pilot hybrid constructed wetland for stormwater recovery in Mediterranean climate

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1051-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Ventura ◽

S. Barbagallo ◽

S. Consoli ◽

M. Ferrante ◽

M. Milani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Free Water ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Good Efficiency ◽

Metals Removal

Abstract The overall efficiency of a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland (H-CW), located on a retail store's parking area in Eastern Sicily, for alternative treatment of stormwater runoff and of sequential batch reactor (SBR) effluent was evaluated. Experimental activities were focused on system performances, including wastewater (WW) quality and hydraulic monitoring. System design, macrophyte growth and seasonal factors influenced the pilot plant performance. Very high removal efficiency for microbial indicators were reported within the subsurface horizontal flow unit (HF), playing a strategic role for Clostridium perfringens. The algal growth occurred in the free water surface (FWS) unit and inhibited removal efficiencies of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), impairing water quality. The whole H-CW showed good efficiency in trace metals removal, especially for Pb, Zn, and Cu. Preliminary results suggested the reliability of the H-CW technology in decentralised water treatment facilities for enhancing water recovery and reuse.

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