scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of commercial acetaminophen: evaluation, modeling, and scaling-up of photoreactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déyler Castilla-Caballero ◽  
Fiderman Machuca-Martínez ◽  
Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte ◽  
José Colina-Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Catalyst Load

In this work, the performance of a pilot-scale solar CPC reactor was evaluated for the degradation of commercial acetaminophen, using TiO2 P25 as a catalyst. The statistical Taguchi’s method was used to estimate the combination of initial pH and catalyst load while tackling the variability of the solar radiation intensity under tropical weather conditions through the estimation of the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the controllable variables. Moreover, a kinetic law that included the explicit dependence on the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) was used. The radiant field was estimated by joining the Six Flux Model (SFM) with a solar emission model based on clarity index (KC), whereas the mass balance was coupled to the hydrodynamic equations, corresponding to the turbulent regime. For scaling-up purposes, the ratio of the total area-to-total-pollutant volume (AT/VT) was varied for observing the effect of this parameter on the overall plant performance. The Taguchi’s experimental design results showed that the best combination of initial pH and catalyst load was 9 and 0.6 g L−1, respectively. Also, full-scale plants would require far fewer ratios of AT/VT than for pilot or intermediate-scale ones. This information may be beneficial for reducing assembling costs of photocatalytic reactors scaling-up.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic degradation of commercial acetaminophen: evaluation, modeling, and scaling-up of photoreactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Déyler Castilla-Caballero ◽  
Fiderman Machuca-Martínez ◽  
Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte ◽  
José Colina-Márquez
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Turbulent Regime ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Catalyst Load

In this work, the performance of a pilot-scale solar CPC reactor was evaluated for the degradation of commercial acetaminophen, using TiO2 P25 as a catalyst. The statistical Taguchi’s method was used to estimate the combination of initial pH and catalyst load while tackling the variability of the solar radiation intensity under tropical weather conditions through the estimation of the signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of the controllable variables. Moreover, a kinetic law that included the explicit dependence on the local volumetric rate of photon absorption (LVRPA) was used. The radiant field was estimated by joining the Six Flux Model (SFM) with a solar emission model based on clarity index (KC), whereas the mass balance was coupled to the hydrodynamic equations, corresponding to the turbulent regime. For scaling-up purposes, the ratio of the total area-to-total-pollutant volume (AT/VT) was varied for observing the effect of this parameter on the overall plant performance. The Taguchi’s experimental design results showed that the best combination of initial pH and catalyst load was 9 and 0.6 g L−1, respectively. Also, full-scale plants would require far fewer ratios of AT/VT than for pilot or intermediate-scale ones. This information may be beneficial for reducing assembling costs of photocatalytic reactors scaling-up.

Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gebert ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Support

The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustained increase of the metabolic rates did not occur. The decrease of the solubility of oxgen in water and mass transfer limitations caused by an increase of the biofilm thickness are the main reasons for that. Thus, the heating of trickling filters (e.g. by waste heat utilization) in order to increase the capacity of trickling filters under cold weather conditions cannot be recommended.

scholarly journals A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Alaa Salah ◽  
Mahdieh Dibaj ◽  
Maxime Porcheron ◽  
Akbar Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
The Uk

The need for sustainable desalination arises from fast-occurring global warming and intensifying droughts due to increasing temperatures, particularly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions. Lack of water resources has meant that the countries in these regions have had to desalinate seawater through different sustainable technologies for food supplies and agricultural products. Greenhouses (GH) are used to protect crops from harsh climates, creating a controlled environment requiring less water. In order to have a sustainable resilient GH, a zero-liquid-discharge system (ZLD) was developed by using solar still (SS) desalination techniques, humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and rainwater harvesting. An experiment was designed and carried out by designing and manufacturing a wick type solar still, together with an HDH system, implemented into a GH. Using a pyrometer, the solar intensity was recorded, while the microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of the GH were also monitored. The GH model was tested in the UK and was shown to be a successful standalone model, providing its water requirements. In the UK, for one solar still with a surface area of 0.72 m2, maximum amount of 58 mL of distilled water was achieved per day. In Egypt, a maximum amount of 1090 mL water was collected per day, from each solar still. This difference is mainly due to the differences in the solar radiation intensity and duration in addition to the temperature variance. While dehumidification generated 7 L of distilled water, rainwater harvesting was added as another solution to the greenhouse in the UK, harvested a maximum of 7 L per day from one side (half the area of the greenhouse roof). This helped to compensate for the less distilled water from the solar stills. The results for the developed greenhouses showed how GHs in countries with different weather conditions could be standalone systems for their agricultural water requirement.

A Scaling-up Approach from Experimental Tunnel to Spray Dryer

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-You Li ◽  
Ireneusz Zbicinski ◽  
Jing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Initial Water

A scaling-up approach from drying of a thin layer wet material in a experimental tunnel to a pilot scale spray drying was developed through determining drying kinetics of quick evaporation process. Maltodextin was selected as solid material in solution to be dried. Critical moisture contents as a function of initial water evaporation rate (drying rate) shows that there is the same variation between the small scale test tunnel and the pilot scale spray dryer. Result of CFD modelling demonstrates that drying kinetics obtained from the small-scale tunnel could be properly applied to scale-up the spray drying process.

scholarly journals Influence of Detasseling Methods on Seed Yield of Some Parent Inbred Lines of Turda Maize Hybrids

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Alexandru Bogdan Ghețe ◽  
Voichița Haș ◽  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Ana Copândean ◽  
Ovidiu Ranta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Hybrid Maize

During the process of maize seed production, in order to ensure the genetic purity of parental forms of hybrid maize, an important work performed is the removal of male inflorescences from plants on mother rows. Hand detasseling has high precision but is labor-intensive. Mechanical detasseling offers the possibility to cover large acreages in a short period of time, but the number of leaves removed has a varying influence on plant performance and seed yield. The aim of this study was to simulate three types of damages on plants similar to those induced through mechanical detasseling and to assess the effects for five inbred lines during the course of three years. Results show that when tassels alone were removed, the average seed yield decreased an average of 4–21%. When two leaves were removed with the tassel, yield decreased an average of 22–31%, while when plants were cut above the main ear, seed yield decreased an average of 31–66%. Environmental conditions influenced seed yield, especially high temperatures during flowering. Yield response to tassel and leaves removal varied between the inbred lines. Genotype controls maize ear and kernel characters, while environmental factors exercise a strong influence on seed yield, due to the succession of years with contrasting weather conditions in a key phenophase. Within the trend of full mechanization in agriculture, identification of inbred lines that cope better with plant damage can assist in optimizing seed production.

scholarly journals Changes in Foliar Functional Traits of S. pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus under the Ongoing Climate Change: A Retrospective Survey

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Rosina Magaña Ugarte ◽  
Adrián Escudero ◽  
Daniel Sánchez Mata ◽  
Rosario G. Gavilán
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Stomatal Size ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Stomatal Traits

The sensitivity of stomatal behavior and patterning (i.e., distribution, density, size) to environmental stimuli, renders them crucial for defining the physiological performance of leaves. Thus, assessing long-term modifications in stomatal traits in conserved specimens arises as a valuable eco-physiological approach to predict how the rising trend of warmer, drier summers could affect plant fitness; particularly in mountain areas already experiencing climate aggravation and lacking the related monitoring schemes like Mediterranean high-mountains. Variations in foliar and stomatal traits were studied in conserved specimens of Senecio pyrenaicus subsp. carpetanus from Sierra de Guadarrama over the past 71 years. Our findings revealed decreasing trends in leaf width, stomatal size, and increasing tendency in stomatal density, all correlated with the recent 30-year climate exacerbation in these mountains. This evidenced a positive selection favoring traits that allow safeguarding plant performance under drier, hotter weather conditions. The significant relation between stomatal traits and climatic variables upholds the role of stomatal patterning in sensing environmental cues in this species, feasibly optimizing physiological responses involved in the growth–water loss trade-off. The transition to smaller, densely packed stomata observed in recent decades could indicate local-adaptive plasticity in this species, enhancing stomatal response, as coarser environmental conditions take place in Sierra de Guadarrama.

Scaling up and benchmarking of ethanol production from pelletized pilot scale AFEX treated corn stover using Zymomonas mobilis 8b

Biofuels ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Sarks ◽  
Bryan D. Bals ◽  
Jim Wynn ◽  
Farzaneh Teymouri ◽  
Stefan Schwegmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Zymomonas Mobilis ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale

Scaling Up of Osmotic Distillation from Laboratory to Pilot Plant for Concentration of Fruit Juices

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Bui ◽  
H. M. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Osmotic Distillation

A step-by-step procedure for scaling up of an osmotic distillation system from laboratory to pilot plant is discussed. The newly built pilot scale OD system featured a flexibility of using 1 or 2 hollow fibre modules at a time to suit the concentration demands. Three types of hollow fibres were tested on the new system. Pilot trials for OD concentration of apple, grape juices and freeze concentrated (FC) grape juice were successfully carried out to achieve a final concentration up to 65°Brix with fluxes ranging from 2.4 to 0.69kg.m-2.h-1 depending on the fibre types and the operating conditions. Cascade effect was also employed to deal with high viscosity to achieve high concentration. The obtained pilot OD fluxes were comparable to the ones obtained in the lab under similar conditions, and they fitted well with the developed models. Sensory evaluation indicated that OD well preserved the quality attributes of the fruit juices.

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