Water distribution uniformity and scheduling in micro-irrigation systems for water saving and environmental protection

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR ASPERSÃO CONVENCIONAL FIXO E GOTEJAMENTO EM VILA RURAL Eguimar Amorim Maciel de Souza; Paula Cristina de Souza; Márcio Antônio Vilas BoasCentro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel , Pr, [email protected] 1 RESUMO O manejo racional da irrigação consiste na aplicação da quantidade necessária de água às plantas no momento correto. É recomendável após a instalação de um sistema de irrigação, proceder-se a testes de campo, com o objetivo de se verificar a adequação da irrigação recomendando, quando necessário, ajustes na operação e, principalmente, no manejo. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar dois sistemas de irrigação, sendo um por aspersão convencional fixo e outro por gotejamento, implantados na Vila Rural Flor do Campo, localizada na região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná, através da determinação dos parâmetros de uniformidade e eficiência de distribuição de água. Foram utilizadas as metodologias propostas na norma ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2, Asae (1995) e por Keller & Karmeli (1975). Foram realizados trinta ensaios em cada sistema de irrigação. Para o sistema de irrigação por aspersão foi obtido CUC de 77,9%, considerado abaixo do valor mínimo aceitável de 80%, sendo que a velocidade do vento variou de 0 a 2,4 m s-1. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 77,0% e 48,8%. No sistema de irrigação por gotejamento foi obtido CUC de 93,7% considerado valor excelente. A Uniformidade de Emissão (UE) encontrada foi de 89,3% sendo considerada boa. As eficiências de aplicação (Ea) e armazenagem (Es) obtidas neste sistema foram, respectivamente, de 100% e 65,0 %. UNITERMOS: Irrigação, aspersão convencional, gotejamento, uniformidade, eficiência, avaliação. SOUZA, E. A. M.; SOUZA, P.C.; VILAS BOAS, M. A. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIXED CONVENTIONAL ASPERSION AND DRIPPING IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN A RURAL VILLAGE 2 ABSTRACT The rational handling of the irrigation consists of the application of the necessary amount of water to the plants at the correct moment. After the installation of an irrigation system, it is recommended the field tests be carried out in order to verify the adequacy of the recommended irrigation and , when necessary, to adjust the operation and, mainly, the handling. The aim of this work was to evaluate two irrigation systems, a fixed conventional aspersion system and a dripping one, installed in the l Flor do Campo, a rural village located in the Northwest of Paraná state, through the determination of the parameters of water distribution uniformity and efficiency. The methodologies used were according to the ABNT NBR ISO 7749-2 norm, Asae (1995) and for Keller & Karmeli (1975). Thirty assays in each irrigation system were tested. In the irrigation system with aspersion CUC of 77.9%, which is considered below the minimum acceptable value of 80%, was found considering that the wind speed varied from 0 to 2.4 ms-1. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) obtained in this system were 77.0% and 48.8 %, respectively. In the dripping irrigation system, a CUC of 93.7%, considered an excellent value, was found. The EU was 89.3% and considered good. The efficiencies of application (Ea) and storage (Es) gotten in this system were 100% and 65. 0 %, respectively. KEY WORDS: Irrigation, conventional aspersion, dripping, uniformity, efficiency, evaluation.

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Analysis of Water Distribution Uniformity for Two Types of Sprinklers used in Sprinkler Irrigation Systems under Various Climatic and Hydraulic Conditions

Journal of Water and Soil Science ◽

10.18869/acadpub.jstnar.19.73.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (73) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

V. Rahmatabadi ◽

M. Behzad ◽

S. BorumandNasab ◽

H. Sakhaei Rad ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

Sprinkler Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Hydraulic Conditions ◽

Distribution Uniformity

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Methodology for designing lateral lines with microtubes operated under variable inlet pressure

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n9p594-599 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 594-599

Author(s):

Geancarlo T. Katsurayama ◽

Ezequiel Saretta ◽

Antonio P. de Camargo ◽

Tarlei A. Botrel ◽

Conan A. Salvador

Keyword(s):

Lateral Line ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Step Method ◽

Power Sources ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lateral Lines ◽

Alternative Power ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Micro Irrigation

ABSTRACT Design of lateral lines consisting of microtubes enables to optimize water distribution uniformity. In addition, there must exist a range of pressures at the lateral line inlet in which the water distribution uniformity remains acceptable. Thus, such emitters are interesting for use in micro-irrigation systems supplied by alternative power sources, in which temporal variability in the electrical power supplied to the pumping systems normally occurs. This study presents a methodology for designing lateral lines with microtubes operated under varying pressure, using the step-by-step method in order to establish the recommended range of lateral line inlet pressures. The proposed methodology was validated over three replicates by testing maximum, minimum and optimum pressures. Deviation between estimated and observed values of flow rate was lower than 6%, indicating a satisfactory accuracy. Distribution uniformity of the system was higher than 95% under all pressures within the estimated range of values. Lateral lines can operate within a wide range of operating pressures and even so satisfactory results of distribution uniformity are obtained.

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Chemical treatment to unclogg dripper irrigation systems due to biological problems

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000100001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Túlio Assunção Pires Ribeiro ◽

José Euclides Stipp Paterniani ◽

Christiane Coletti

Keyword(s):

Chemical Treatment ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Trickle Irrigation ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Before And After ◽

Excellent Method ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Two Sectors ◽

Frequent Problem

Many producers use drippers for trickle irrigation systems for flower production in the field and in protected environments. A frequent problem in this type of irrigation system is the clogging of drippers, which is directly related to water quality and filtering system efficiency. The objective of this study was to conduct an experimental investigation to evaluate the efficiency of using nitric acid and sodium hypochlorite to unclogg drippers due to the use of water with high algae content. The evaluation was conducted in six, 4216 m² greenhouses, each with two sectors comprised of ten spaces or lines, totaling 12 sectors of a dripper irrigation system in a rose producing property of Holambra, State of SP, Brazil. Chemical and physical analyses and the bacteriological count in water were carried out in the three water sources that supply the irrigation system to check the factors causing the clogging. Evaluations were carried out on water distribution uniformity in all sectors before and after chemical treatment in order to evaluate efficiency. The treatment improved water distribution uniformity and a lead to a reduction in the coefficient of variation (CV) for dripper flow in all sectors. There was a good correlation between CV and the water distribution uniformity index. Therefore, this is an excellent method to be used to unclogg drippers due to biological problems.

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PRESSÕES DE SERVIÇOS E SEUS EFEITOS NO DESEMPENHO DE UM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2018v1n2p14-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

Taiane de Almeida Pereira ◽

Alexandre Reuber Almeida da Silva ◽

Marcos Makeison Moreira de Sousa ◽

Cristian De França Santos ◽

Daniel Lima dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Drip Irrigation ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Drip Irrigation System ◽

Mean Values ◽

Uniformity Coefficient ◽

Lateral Lines ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Water Volumes ◽

Micro Irrigation

PRESSÕES DE SERVIÇOS E SEUS EFEITOS NO DESEMPENHO DE UM SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO POR GOTEJAMENTO TAIANE DE ALMEIDA PEREIRA1; ALEXANDRE REUBER ALMEIDA DA SILVA2; MARCOS MAKEISON MOREIRA DE SOUSA3; CRISTIAN DE FRANÇA SANTOS1 E DANIEL LIMA DOS SANTOS1 1Graduandos em Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará – campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu/Várzea Alegre, Km 05 – Vila Cajazeiras – Iguatu-CE. CEP: 63.503-790; taianeirrigacao@gmail; [email protected]; [email protected]; 2Professores do Curso de Tecnologia em Irrigação e Drenagem, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará – campus Iguatu, Rodovia Iguatu/Várzea Alegre, Km 05 – Vila Cajazeiras – Iguatu-CE. CEP: 63.503-790, [email protected]; 3Mestrando em Engenharia Agrícola, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal do Ceará – campus do Pici, Centro de Ciências Agrárias – CCA/UFC, Bloco 804, Fortaleza CE, CEP: 60.455-760; [email protected]. 1 RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a uniformidade de distribuição de em um sistema de irrigação localizada, do tipo gotejamento operando em condições de campo sob diferentes pressões de serviços, por meio da determinação dos Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), do Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) e do Coeficiente de Uniformidade Estatística (Us). Em campo, foram utilizadas 4 linhas laterais escolhidas ao acaso e com o auxílio de proveta e cronômetro, foram aferidos os volumes de água em 4 gotejadores de parede delgada, em três repetição em um tempo de 60 segundos, observando as 3 diferentes pressões de serviço (5,1; 10,2 e 15,3 mca). A média dos valores encontrados para o Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Christiansen (CUC), Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição (CUD) e o Coeficiente de Uniformidade Estatística (Us) são considerados pela literatura especializada como excelentes. Todavia, na pressão de serviço de 5,1 mca, a uniformidade de distribuição de água tende a ser comprometida. Infere-se, portanto, que o sistema de irrigação está bem dimensionado evitando assim danos financeiros, independente das pressões de serviços nas quais o mesmo esteja operando. Palavras-Chave: uniformidade, microirrigação, alturas manométricas. PEREIRA, T. DE A.; SILVA, A. R. A. DA; SOUSA, M. M. M. DE; SANTOS, C. DE F.; SANTOS, D. L. DOS SERVICE PRESSURES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to analyze the distribution uniformity of a drip irrigation system located in field conditions under different service pressures, through the determination of the Coefficient of Uniformity of Christiansen (CUC), Coefficient of Distribution Uniformity (CUD) and Statistical Uniformity Coefficient (Us). In the field, 4 randomly selected lateral lines were used and with the aid of a beaker and stop watch, the water volumes were measured in 4 thin-walled drippers in three repetitions in a time of 60 seconds, observing the 3 different service pressures (5.1, 10.2 and 15.3 microns). The mean values found for the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC), Uniform Distribution Coefficient (CUD) and the Statistical Uniformity Coefficient (Us) are considered by the specialized literature to be excellent. However, in the service pressure of 5.1 mca, the uniformity of water distribution tends to be compromised. It is inferred, therefore, that the irrigation system is well-sized working, thus avoiding financial damages, regardless of the pressures of services in which it is operating. Keywords: uniformity, micro-irrigation, manometric heights.

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The necessity and possibilities of irrigation in fruit growing under conditions of Hungary

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/5/3-4/53 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (3-4) ◽

Author(s):

J. Kovács ◽

J. Nyéki ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

F. Ligetvári ◽

M. Soltész

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

High Water ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Fruit Cracking ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fruit Growing ◽

Micro Irrigation

Climatic and soil conditions are highly suitable for most temperate fruit species and promise profitable yields with good quality. An accurate choice of the growing site is, however, decisive because of the wide range agro-climatic variation an soils within the country. One of the most important factors is the annual precipitation which does not exceed, in general, 700 mm. The aims of irrigation practices are, succinctly speaking, the improvement of quantity and security of yields and the guarantee of quality. The relative importance of those criteria changes according to the fruit species. In up to date apple, pear and cherry production, micro-irrigation systems are mainly considered. According to recent experiences, the micro-jet type of water distribution should be preferred to the dripping system. In cherries, the choice of the method is motivated by the need to prevent fruit cracking. Most of the peach and apricot plantations are located on the dry and moderately dry regions of the country. Because of the late freezes, the improvement of security is crucial. There the investment of irrigation systems should concentrate to the possibility of anti-freeze sprays. High water requirements of plums are met in Hungary by irrigation where the method should be decided at the plantation and adapted to the harvesting procedure which could be mechanised or (in high density plantations) picked by hand. Sour cherries are perhaps the less dependent on watering under Hungarian conditions. Yields in small fruits: currents, gooseberries, raspberries and strawberries could be increased by irrigation to 40-50 % and may improve quality too. In those cultures the system of moving flexible wing tubes are considered to be the best irrigation technique.

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ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL250 EM SISTEMAS AUTOPROPELIDOS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2007v12n2p249-262 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 249-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giuliani Do Prado ◽

Alberto Colombo

Keyword(s):

Water Distribution ◽

Digital Simulation ◽

Group Iv ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Geometric Shape ◽

Water Application ◽

Irrigation Systems ◽

Irrigation Uniformity ◽

Distribution Uniformity ◽

Application Profile

ANÁLISE DA UNIFORMIDADE DE APLICAÇÃO DE ÁGUA PELO ASPERSOR PLONA-RL250EM SISTEMAS AUTOPROPELIDOS DEIRRIGAÇÃO Giuliani do Prado; Alberto ColomboDepartamento de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, [email protected] 1 RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta características técnicas do aspersor PLONA-RL250 (vazão, raio de alcance e perfil radial de aplicação de água) e valores de uniformidade de aplicação de água, obtidos em simulações digitais, para o mesmo aspersor operando em sistemas autopropelidos de irrigação com diferentes combinações de ângulos de giro (de 180º a 360º) e espaçamentos de carreadores (de 50% a 100% do diâmetro molhado). Os valores de uniformidade foram apresentados em quatro grupos distintos, cada um dos quais contendo condições operacionais (bocal e pressão) que determinam a ocorrência de uma mesma forma geométrica (I, II, III ou IV) do perfil radial adimensional de aplicação de água do aspersor PLONA-RL250. Nos grupos I, II e III observou-se que espaçamentos de carreadores entre 80 e 90% do diâmetro molhado proporcionaram os maiores valores de uniformidade. Para o grupo IV, os maiores valores encontram-se entre 70 e 80% do diâmetro molhado. Em todas as formas geométricas do perfil, os melhores valores de uniformidade de aplicação de água foram obtidos com ângulos de giro do aspersor entre 210 e 240º. UNITERMOS: simulação, uniformidade de irrigação, ângulo de giro de aspersores. PRADO, G. do; COLOMBO, A. ANALYSIS OF WATER APPLICATION UNIFORMITY FROM THE PLONA-RL 250 SPRINKLER IN TRAVELER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS 2 ABSTRACT This study presents measured performance data from an PLONA-RL250 sprinkler (discharge, radius of throw and radial water application profile) and water uniformity application values, obtained by digital simulation, from this same sprinkler when operating in traveler irrigation systems under different combinations of wetted sectors (from 180º to 360º) and towpath spacings (from 50% to 100% of the wetter diameter). Simulated water distribution uniformity values were presented in four different groups, according to the geometric shape (I, II, III or IV) assumed by the dimensionless sprinkler application curve, as determined by operating conditions (main nozzle diameter and pressure). For groups I, II, and III, it was observed that towpath spacings with values around 80 to 90% of the wetted diameter resulted on higher uniformity values. For group IV, higher uniformity values were obtained with spacings around 70 to 80% of the wetted diameter. For all geometric shapes (groups), the higher uniformity values were obtained with wetted sectors from 210 to 240o. KEYWORDS: sprinkler simulation, irrigation uniformity, sprinkler wetted sector

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