scholarly journals Antifungal efficacy of amphotericin B encapsulated fibrin microsphere for treating Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Swiss albino mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmat Ali Khan ◽  
Mumtaz Jabeen ◽  
Amer M Alanazi ◽  
Abdul Arif Khan
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 680-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Rifat ◽  
◽  
Archana Sharma ◽  
Preeti Srivastava ◽  
Shikha Patni ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ayman Salah El-Seedy ◽  
Hany George Shalaby ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed El-Sehrigy ◽  
Madiha Mohiy El-Dein Ghoneim

Author(s):  
D.T. Fefar ◽  
Ankita N. Brahmbhatt ◽  
B.P. Joshi ◽  
D.J. Ghodasara

A study was conducted on 5 weeks old 64 (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the haemato-biochemical and immunological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided into eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20, 10, 5 mg/kg body weight in males(Group III, V, VII) and females (Group IV, VI,VIII),respectively for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose groups and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT was observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin and increase in BUN in high and mid dose treated groups, irrespective of sex of mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at dose level of 10 mg/kg/day. The mice of high dose group revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at dose level of 20 mg/kg/day.


Biologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Bommalapura Kulkarni ◽  
Raghu Ram Achar ◽  
Maheshwari Mahadevappa ◽  
Dinesh Sosalagere Manjegowda ◽  
Priya Babu Shubha ◽  
...  

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e05814
Author(s):  
Md. Shofiqul Islam ◽  
Samiron Sana ◽  
Md. Ehsanul Haque ◽  
S.M. Mushiur Rahman ◽  
Abdus Samad ◽  
...  

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Ambati ◽  
Emma C. Ellis ◽  
Jianfeng Lin ◽  
Xiaorong Lin ◽  
Zachary A. Lewis ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus cause life-threatening candidiasis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis, resulting in several hundred thousand deaths annually. The patients at the greatest risk of developing these life-threatening invasive fungal infections have weakened immune systems. The vulnerable population is increasing due to rising numbers of immunocompromised individuals as a result of HIV infection or immunosuppressed individuals receiving anticancer therapies and/or stem cell or organ transplants. While patients are treated with antifungals such as amphotericin B, all antifungals have serious limitations due to lack of sufficient fungicidal effect and/or host toxicity. Even with treatment, 1-year survival rates are low. We explored methods of increasing drug effectiveness by designing fungicide-loaded liposomes specifically targeted to fungal cells. Most pathogenic fungi are encased in cell walls and exopolysaccharide matrices rich in mannans. Dectin-2 is a mammalian innate immune membrane receptor that binds as a dimer to mannans and signals fungal infection. We coated amphotericin-loaded liposomes with monomers of Dectin-2’s mannan-binding domain, sDectin-2. sDectin monomers were free to float in the lipid membrane and form dimers that bind mannan substrates. sDectin-2-coated liposomes bound orders of magnitude more efficiently to the extracellular matrices of several developmental stages of C. albicans, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus than untargeted control liposomes. Dectin-2-coated amphotericin B-loaded liposomes reduced the growth and viability of all three species more than an order of magnitude more efficiently than untargeted control liposomes and dramatically decreased the effective dose. Future efforts focus on examining pan-antifungal targeted liposomal drugs in animal models of fungal diseases. IMPORTANCE Invasive fungal diseases caused by Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus have mortality rates ranging from 10 to 95%. Individual patient costs may exceed $100,000 in the United States. All antifungals in current use have serious limitations due to host toxicity and/or insufficient fungal cell killing that results in recurrent infections. Few new antifungal drugs have been introduced in the last 2 decades. Hence, there is a critical need for improved antifungal therapeutics. By targeting antifungal-loaded liposomes to α-mannans in the extracellular matrices secreted by these fungi, we dramatically reduced the effective dose of drug. Dectin-2-coated liposomes loaded with amphotericin B bound 50- to 150-fold more strongly to C. albicans, C. neoformans, and A. fumigatus than untargeted liposomes and killed these fungi more than an order of magnitude more efficiently. Targeting drug-loaded liposomes specifically to fungal cells has the potential to greatly enhance the efficacy of most antifungal drugs.


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