HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ACETAMIPRID TOXICITY IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. Fefar ◽  
Ankita N. Brahmbhatt ◽  
B.P. Joshi ◽  
D.J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Immunological Effects ◽  
Albino Mice

A study was conducted on 5 weeks old 64 (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the haemato-biochemical and immunological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided into eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20, 10, 5 mg/kg body weight in males(Group III, V, VII) and females (Group IV, VI,VIII),respectively for 28 days. After 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like Hb, TEC, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose groups and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT was observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin and increase in BUN in high and mid dose treated groups, irrespective of sex of mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at dose level of 10 mg/kg/day. The mice of high dose group revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at dose level of 20 mg/kg/day.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1253-1259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Patel ◽  
K. B. Kapadiya ◽  
D. J. Ghodasara
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Group I ◽  
Urate Crystals

The aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature.

scholarly journals The Effect of Piracetam on Valproic Acid Induced Congenital Malformations in Swiss Albino Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Shamsher Shrestha ◽  
M. Singh ◽  
S.P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Higher Doses

Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug which is widely used in humans and is a well known teratogenic agent when used during pregnancy. Piracetam is a nootropic or cognitive enhancer drug used to treat cognitive impairment in aging, brain injuries as well as dementia. In the present study, these two drugs VPA and Piracetam were administered orally to Swiss albino mice in the doses of400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg body weight respectively from gestational day (GD) 6-11 in order to see the protective effect of Piracetam against VPA induced teratogenesis. The fetuses were collected on GD 18 after uterotomy and observed for gross malformations if any. In VPA treated group the malformations observed were exencephaly, cranioschisis, limb and tail defects, haemorrhage, resorptions and retardation. No such anomalies were observed in control and Piracetam treated groups. However,in VPA+ Piracetam treated group some resorptions and growth retardation were noted. This group showed highly significant (p < 0.001) protection against the teratogenic effects of VPA treated group though the developmental parameters were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in comparison to those of group I (control) and group III (receiving piracetam). These findings suggest that Piracetam, if given in higher doses might protect the development in utero against the teratogenic effects of VPA.

scholarly journals Photobiomodulation invigorating collagen deposition, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki67 expression during dermal wound repair in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijendra Prabhu ◽  
Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao ◽  
Anuradha Calicut Kini Rao ◽  
Keerthana Prasad ◽  
Krishna Kishore Mahato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Proliferating Cell

AbstractThe present investigation focuses on understanding the role of photobiomodulation in enhancing tissue proliferation. Circular excision wounds of diameter 1.5 cm were created on Swiss albino mice and treated immediately with 2 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 single exposures of the Helium-Neon laser along with sham-irradiated controls. During different days of healing progression (day 5, day 10, and day 15), the tissue samples upon euthanization of the animals were taken for assessing collagen deposition by Picrosirius red staining and cell proliferation (day 10) by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67. The positive influence of red light on collagen synthesis was found to be statistically significant on day 10 (P < 0.01) and day 15 (P < 0.05) post-wounding when compared to sham irradiation, as evident from the image analysis of collagen birefringence. Furthermore, a significant rise in PCNA (P < 0.01) and Ki67 (P < 0.05) expression was also recorded in animals exposed to 2 J/cm2 when compared to sham irradiation and (P < 0.01) compared to the 10 J/cm2 treated group as evidenced by the microscopy study. The findings of the current investigation have distinctly exhibited the assenting influence of red laser light on excisional wound healing in Swiss albino mice by augmenting cell proliferation and collagen deposition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich) Descoings ex Wild & Drummond on Cell-Mediated Immune Response and Blood Cell Count in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dehnnet Abebe ◽  
Gomathi Periasamy ◽  
Aman Karim ◽  
Helen Bitew
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Albino Mice

Introduction. Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich) Descoings ex wild & Drummond (Vitaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the management of various immunological and hematological disorders in different areas of Ethiopia and the rest of the world. In Ethiopia, the plant is used for the management of enlarged spleen, rabies virus, helminthic infection, snake bite, and various types of tumors. Objective. To evaluate the effect of hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule on cell-mediated immunity (delayed-type hypersensitivity), organ index (spleen and liver), and blood cell count in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods. Acute oral toxicity test was conducted using nulliparous and nonpregnant Swiss albino mice following OECD 425 limit test method. Delayed-type hypersensitivity model was used to evaluate the effect on cell-mediated immunity. The experimental animals were divided into twelve groups which were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells on day 0 and day 7, respectively. Levamisole 50 mg/kg was used as stimulant control, whereas cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg was used as suppressant control. Hydroethanolic root extract (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), aqueous fraction (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), and n-butanol fraction (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) were administered for seven days. The paw volume was measured using a digital plethysmometer before challenge and 24 hours after challenge. Blood was collected, and organs (spleen and liver) were isolated from each challenged mouse to determine blood cell count and organ index, respectively. Results. No mortality and noticeable behavioral changes were observed among all mice receiving hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule showed enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity, organ index, and blood cell count. Hydroethanolic root extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed the highest and statistically significant stimulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (0.123 ± 0.010) and blood cell count compared to the vehicle. Conclusion. Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule showed a stimulatory effect on cell-mediated immunity and hematopoiesis.

scholarly journals SODIUM FLUORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS AND HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER OF SWISS ALBINO MICE AND AMELIORATION BY OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagwendra Prakash ◽  
Suresh Kumar Sabal ◽  
Rajbala Verma ◽  
John Pj ◽  
Inderpal Soni
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate hepatotoxicity induced by sodium fluoride (NaF) in Swiss albino mice and amelioration by Ocimum sanctum Linn.Methods: Mice were divided into six groups, Group I received tap water, Group II received low dose of NaF (8 mg/L), Group III high dose of NaF (80 mg/L) in drinking water, Group IV tap water along with 250 mg/kg body weight/day leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., Group V 8 mg/L NaF in drinking water and 250 mg/kg body weight leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn., and Group VI 80 mg/L NaF in drinking water along with leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. 250 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days. On the 91st day, the animals were autopsied and liver tissue samples were taken to assess histopathological changes and oxidative stress by estimating glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase.Results: A highly significant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes occurred with the high dose (Group III). Hepatic histopathological architecture exhibited deformities, namely, ballooning, hypertrophy, hepatocellular necrosis, infiltration of mononuclear cells, deformed central vein, sinusoidal dilation, and binucleated cells. Low-dose group (Group II) showed a significant decrease in antioxidant enzyme levels as compared to control group, and histological sections of liver showed dilated sinusoids, infiltration of mononuclear cells, ballooning, and hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Groups IV and V showed no pathological features. Group VI showed less damage to the liver as compared to Group III.Conclusion: The results revealed that the administration of leaf extract of O. sanctum Linn. elicited protection against NaF-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress. It may, therefore, be inferred that fluoride caused hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice at the tested dose levels can be ameliorated by O. sanctum Linn.

Assessment of anilofos-induced mutagenicity in bone marrow and germ cells of Swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Preeti Bagri ◽  
Vinod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Polychromatic Erythrocytes ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Dose Levels

Anilofos is an organophosphate compound and is used extensively as a preemergence and early postemergence herbicide for the management of sedges, annual grasses, and some broad-leaved weeds in rice fields. The present study was aimed to assess the mutagenic potential of anilofos after sub-chronic exposure in Swiss albino mice. For this, a combined approach employing micronucleus (MN), chromosomal aberration (CA) studies and sperm-head abnormalities (SHAs) was used. Three dose levels of 1%, 2%, and 4% of maximum tolerated dose (MTD) (235 mg/kg b.wt.), that is, 2.35, 4.7 and 9.4 mg/kg b.wt., respectively, were administered orally daily for 90 days. A higher incidence of micronucleated erythrocytes (polychromatic erythrocytes + normochromatic erythrocytes), significant increase in CA frequency, and significant decrease in the ratio of polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocytes (P/N) ratio were observed at the 4.7 and 9.4 mg/kg b.wt. dose levels. A significant increase in SHA was observed in all treatment groups (2.35, 4.7, and 9.4 mg/kg b.wt.) from the control group. In conclusion, anilofos exposure of 2% and 4% of MTD caused a higher rate of micronucleated erythrocytes, increased frequency of CA, increase in SHA, and lower P/N ratio, and pesticide exposure of 1% of MTD only resulted in higher SHAs. Thus, anilofos was found to have mutagenic potential in mice when administered daily orally at dose rate of 4.7 and 9.4 mg/kg b.wt. for 90 days.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of Resveratrol on Valproic Acid Induced Oxidative Stress Autism in Swiss Albino Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasudha Bakshi ◽  
K. Sunand ◽  
Nagia Begum ◽  
Rahul Motiram Kakalij ◽  
Madhukaran Reddy Tekula
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Albino Mice

The present research work is aimed to investigate the anti-oxidant/neuroprotective role of Resveratrol in reversing the valproic acid induced autism in postnatal swiss albino mice. Separate 13 day old/ Post natal day (PND) 13 swiss albino mice of either sex into 5 groups, each group consists of six mice of either sex, groups namely Group I - Control, Group II - Resveratrol, Group III - Negative control, Group IV and V - Resveratrol treatment groups. On PND 14 administer single dose of Valproic acid (VPA) or Sodium Valproate (400 mg/kg, subcutaneously) to III, IV and V groups to induce autism. Treatment is given in two doses 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p) as Low dose and 40 mg/kg, i.p as High dose from the 13th day to the end of study. Assessment of autism is done by different behavioral screening methods during PND 14 to 40. Treatment with resveratrol significantly decline the autism symptoms compared with negative control. At the end of study on PND 41 all the animals were sacrificed to assess the biochemical estimations like Anticholinesterase enzyme, Total Protein, antioxidant enzyme (Catalase, Superoxide and Glutathione) activity and cerebellar histopathological examination. Treatment with Resveratrol has shown a significant beneficial difference on behavioral alterations, oxidative markers, neurotransmitters, and restoration of the altered purkinje cells of autism. This research work we conclude that resvertrol have a potent anti-oxidant, neuroprotective, anxiolytic, learning and memory enhancing agent against valproic acid induced autism.

Immunomodulatory Efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus in Swiss Albino Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dhasarathan ◽  
K. R. Narayanan ◽  
M. Manujula ◽  
M. Thenmozhi
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Test Animal ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Plant Drugs ◽  
Albino Mice ◽  
Prevention And Cure ◽  
Lymphocyte Number

Background: Immunomodulation through natural or synthetic substances may be considered as an alternative for prevention and cure of infections. Methods: A total of nineteen groups of Swiss albino mice were experimented for immunological studies with an inclusion of control and immunised control. Lymphocyte count and DTH response in the experimental groups after the administration of plant drugs. The result showed remarkable changes in all kind of treated animals when compared to control. The increment in ‘B’ and “T lymphocyte number was much pronounced in mice by the administration of A. esculentus in combination with immuno-enhansive drug. Result: In DTH responses directly correlated with cell mediated immunity and were found to be highest at the maximum dose (100 mg/Kg) of plant extracts A. esculuntus. From the results it was clear that the plant extract induced immunomodulating potential of the test animal. On administration of plant extract an enhanced and visible DTH responses were observed.

scholarly journals Role of newly developed novel multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) in ameliorating carbon tetrachloride induced haemato-toxicity in Swiss albino mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Soumendra Darbar ◽  
Srimoyee Saha ◽  
Kausikisankar Pramanik ◽  
Atiskumar Chattopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Liver Transaminase ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Albino Mice

Haematological disorders and related complications are very common phenomenon against hazardous chemicals. Alteration of hematologic parameters disrupts the body’s normal homeostasis. There is a worldwide need to develop a safe and symptomatic medication which controls the haematological complications. Healthy adult Swiss albino mice were assigned to four groups of six mice each according to their weights. Group-I serve as control, Group-II received multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) 400 mg/kg/day, Group-III received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) 1 ml/kg-bw and Group-IV received CCl4 along with AKSS16-LIV01 (400 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected from the retro orbital plexus of each animal to determine various blood parameters and liver transaminase. Administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) showed decline body weight, food consumption and water intake in mice whereas treatment with multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) normalized the same as compared with untreated animals. Treatment with CCl4 (Group-III) decline the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), means cell volume (MCV), means cell hemoglobin (MCH) and greater the white blood cell (WBC) compared with control. Pre-treatment with AKSS16-LIV01 significantly (p<0.001) increased the PCV, Hb, MCH, MCH and decreased WBC count in experimental animals as compared with CCl4 treated group. On the other hand elevated liver transaminase enzymes i.e. AST and ALP by CCl4 was restored with administration of multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01). Chronic administration of CCl4 indicated adverse effects on haematologic parameters upon experimental animals. Simultaneous administration with newly developed novel multi herbal formulation (AKSS16-LIV01) was able to ameliorate these adverse effects and may be a potent drug in future which controls the blood related medical complications against the toxicants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document