Tinnitus and event related potentials: a systematic review

This systematic review examined whether event-related potentials (ERPs) during higher cognitive processing can detect subtle, early signs of neurodegenerative disease. Original, empirical studies retrieved from PsycINFO and PubMed were reviewed if they analyzed patterns in cognitive ERPs (150ms post-stimulus) differentiating mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), or cognitively intact elders who carry AD risk through the Apolipoprotein-E ε4 allele (ε4+) from healthy older adult controls (HC). The 100 studies meeting inclusion criteria (MCI=47; AD=47; ε4+=6) analyzed N200, P300, N400, and occasionally, later components. While there was variability across studies, patterns of reduced amplitude and delayed latency were apparent in pathological aging, consistent with AD-related brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. These effects were particularly evident in advanced disease progression (i.e., AD > MCI) and in later ERP components measured during complex tasks. Although ERP studies in intact ε4+ elders are thus far scarce, a similar pattern of delayed latency was notable, along with a contrasting pattern of increased amplitude, consistent with compensatory neural activation. This limited work suggests ERPs might be able to index early neural changes indicative of future cognitive decline in otherwise healthy elders. As ERPs are also accessible and affordable relative to other neuroimaging methods, their addition to cognitive assessment might substantively enhance early identification and characterization of neural dysfunction, allowing opportunity for earlier differential diagnosis and targeting of intervention. To evaluate this possibility there is urgent need for well-powered studies assessing late cognitive ERPs during complex tasks, particularly in healthy elders at risk for cognitive decline.

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Electroencephalographic Parameters Differentiating Melancholic Depression, Non-melancholic Depression, and Healthy Controls. A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.648713 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Caroline Fussing Bruun ◽

Caroline Juhl Arnbjerg ◽

Lars Vedel Kessing

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Melancholic Depression ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Individual ◽

Almost All

Introduction: The objective of this systematic review was to investigate whether electroencephalographic parameters can serve as a tool to distinguish between melancholic depression, non-melancholic depression, and healthy controls in adults.Methods: A systematic review comprising an extensive literature search conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and PsycINFO in August 2020 with monthly updates until November 1st, 2020. In addition, we performed a citation search and scanned reference lists. Clinical trials that performed an EEG-based examination on an adult patient group diagnosed with melancholic unipolar depression and compared with a control group of non-melancholic unipolar depression and/or healthy controls were eligible. Risk of bias was assessed by the Strengthening of Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.Results: A total of 24 studies, all case-control design, met the inclusion criteria and could be divided into three subgroups: Resting state studies (n = 5), sleep EEG studies (n = 10), and event-related potentials (ERP) studies (n = 9). Within each subgroup, studies were characterized by marked variability on almost all levels, preventing pooling of data, and many studies were subject to weighty methodological problems. However, the main part of the studies identified one or several EEG parameters that differentiated the groups.Conclusions: Multiple EEG modalities showed an ability to distinguish melancholic patients from non-melancholic patients and/or healthy controls. The considerable heterogeneity across studies and the frequent methodological difficulties at the individual study level were the main limitations to this work. Also, the underlying premise of shifting diagnostic paradigms may have resulted in an inhomogeneous patient population.Systematic Review Registration: Registered in the PROSPERO registry on August 8th, 2020, registration number CRD42020197472.

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Neural responses to food stimuli among individuals with eating and weight disorders: a systematic review of event-related potentials

International Review of Psychiatry ◽

10.1080/09540261.2019.1622515 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 318-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rayane Chami ◽

Valentina Cardi ◽

Alexandra Lautarescu ◽

Nuria Mallorquí-Bagué ◽

Grainne McLoughlin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Neural Responses ◽

Related Potentials

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Cognitive and motor event-related potentials in Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: A systematic review

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2018.10.022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 130 (6) ◽

pp. 1041-1057 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Simon Morand-Beaulieu ◽

Marc E. Lavoie

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Tourette Syndrome ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Tic Disorders ◽

Related Potentials

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Language and Speech Markers of Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Systematic Review

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 2206-2225

Author(s):

Jara Stalpaert ◽

Elissa-Marie Cocquyt ◽

Yana Criel ◽

Lieselot Segers ◽

Marijke Miatton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Progressive Aphasia ◽

Primary Progressive ◽

Topographical Distribution ◽

Electrophysiological Studies ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Semantic Variant

Purpose This systematic review aimed to establish language and speech markers to support the clinical diagnosis of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) and its clinical phenotypes. Our first objective was to identify behavioral language and speech markers of early-stage PPA. Our second objective was to identify the electrophysiological correlates of the language and speech characteristics in PPA. Method The databases MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant articles. To identify behavioral markers, the initial subjective complaints and the language and speech deficits detected during the initial diagnostic evaluation were summarized for PPA in general and each clinical variant according to the 2011 consensus diagnostic criteria (nonfluent variant [NFV], semantic variant, and logopenic variant [LV]). To identify electrophysiological markers, the studies in which event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited by a language or speech paradigm in patients with PPA were included. Results In total, 114 relevant studies were identified, including 110 behavioral studies and only four electrophysiological studies. This review suggests that patients with the semantic variant could be accurately differentiated from the NFV and LV in the initial stages based on the consensus criteria. Nonetheless, the early differentiation between the NFV and LV is not straightforward. In the four electrophysiological studies, differences in the latency, amplitude, and topographical distribution of the semantic N400 component were found between patients with PPA and healthy controls. Conclusions To accurately differentiate the NFV from the LV, it could be important to assess the language and speech degeneration by more specific assessments and by more objective diagnostic methods that offer insights into the language-related processes. Electrophysiological markers of PPA were not identified in this review due to the low number of studies that investigated language-related ERPs. More controlled ERP studies in larger patient cohorts are needed to investigate the diagnostic applicability of language-related ERPs in PPA. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12798080

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A systematic review of cognitive and neurobiologic factors associated with specific phobias

Die Psychiatrie ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1669864 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (03) ◽

pp. 192-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Galushko ◽

O. Graf ◽

W. Gaebel ◽

J. Zielasek

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Specific Phobia ◽

Related Information ◽

Late Positive Potentials ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Activity Measures

Summary Background: To clarify the role of cognitive and neurobiologic factors in the aetiopathogenesis of specific phobia, a systematic review of studies investigating these factors was performed. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched up to March 23, 2012. Method: Thirty-four studies were analyzed in detail for this systematic review. Results: Persons with specific phobia differed from healthy persons in their reaction to the exposure to phobia-related stimuli due to biased attentional, memory and interpretational processes. Longer reaction times, increased recall and recognition performances for threat-related information, and a tendency to misinterpret ambiguous stimuli were found in persons with specific phobia. Regarding brain activity measures as indicators of neurobiologic factors following exposure to fear-related stimuli, amygdala, anterior cingulated cortex, insula, fusiform gyrus, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activities were most commonly reported to be increased in persons with specific phobia. Other studies revealed increased amplitudes of event-related potentials (N100, P300, and late positive potentials) in persons with specific phobia.

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Functional Changes in Brain Activity Using Hypnosis: A Systematic Review

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci12010108 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 108

Author(s):

Thomas Gerhard Wolf ◽

Karin Anna Faerber ◽

Christian Rummel ◽

Ulrike Halsband ◽

Guglielmo Campus

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Brain Area ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Anxiety Reduction ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Related Potentials

Hypnosis has proven a powerful method in indications such as pain control and anxiety reduction. As recently discussed, it has been yielding increased attention from medical/dental perspectives. This systematic review (PROSPERO-registration-ID-CRD42021259187) aimed to critically evaluate and discuss functional changes in brain activity using hypnosis by means of different imaging techniques. Randomized controlled trials, cohort, comparative, cross-sectional, evaluation and validation studies from three databases—Cochrane, Embase and Medline via PubMed from January 1979 to August 2021—were reviewed using an ad hoc prepared search string and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 10404 articles were identified, 1194 duplicates were removed and 9190 papers were discarded after consulting article titles/abstracts. Ultimately, 20 papers were assessed for eligibility, and 20 papers were included after a hand search (ntotal = 40). Despite a broad heterogenicity of included studies, evidence of functional changes in brain activity using hypnosis was identified. Electromyography (EMG) startle amplitudes result in greater activity in the frontal brain area; amplitudes using Somatosensory Event-Related Potentials (SERPs) showed similar results. Electroencephalography (EEG) oscillations of θ activity are positively associated with response to hypnosis. EEG results showed greater amplitudes for highly hypnotizable subjects over the left hemisphere. Less activity during hypnosis was observed in the insula and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC).

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