Vitamin D status and common risk factors for bone fragility as determinants of quantitative ultrasound variables in a nationally representative population sample

IntroductionSeveral studies have argued a causal relationship between diabetes and depression, while others have highlighted that their association is a result of common risk factors. Because Mexico is a country with a high prevalence of diabetes, and diabetes and depression are a frequent comorbidity, we chose this country to investigate the longitudinal relationship of these two conditions, focusing on the influence of demographic, health, and socioeconomic factors which could act as common risk factors for both conditions.Research design and methodsUsing the harmonized Mexican Health and Aging Study, a nationally representative sample of adults older than 50 with a response rate of 93%, we analyzed the longitudinal relationship of diabetes and depressive symptoms using ‘between-within’ random-effects models, focusing on the effect of demographic, socioeconomic and health factors.ResultsWhile older adults with diabetes reported a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms in the four waves of the study, there was no causal longitudinal association between them once controlling for demographic, socioeconomic and health factors (between-effect OR=0.88, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.01; within-effect OR=0.87, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.11).ConclusionsThere is no causal longitudinal association between diabetes and depression; the higher prevalence of depression among older adults with diabetes seems a result of socioeconomic and health factors that are not exclusive to respondents with diabetes but are more frequent in this group. Our results highlight the importance of prevention and control of chronic conditions as well as the role of socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.

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Vitamin D status modulates the immune response to Epstein Barr virus: Synergistic effect of risk factors in multiple sclerosis

Medical Hypotheses ◽

10.1016/j.mehy.2007.04.030 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 66-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Trygve Holmøy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Immune Response ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Epstein Barr Virus ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Epstein Barr

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Vitamin D status and associated metabolic risk factors among North Korean refugees in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (11) ◽

pp. e009140 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kyeong Jin Kim ◽

Yoon Jung Kim ◽

Sun Hwa Kim ◽

Jee Hyun An ◽

Hye Jin Yoo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

South Korea ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Metabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

North Korean Refugees

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Weight and skin colour as predictors of vitamin D status: results of an epidemiological investigation using nationally representative data

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016000173 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (10) ◽

pp. 1857-1864 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sonali Rajan ◽

Tom Weishaar ◽

Bryan Keller

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Weight ◽

Skin Colour ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Epidemiological Investigation ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

The Impact

AbstractObjectiveCurrent US dietary recommendations for vitamin D vary by age. Recent research suggests that body weight and skin colour are also major determinants of vitamin D status. The objective of the present epidemiological investigation was to clarify the role of age as a predictor of vitamin D status, while accounting for body weight and skin colour, among a nationally representative sample.DesignWe calculated the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels for the US population by age and weight, as well as by weight and race/ethnicity group. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to evaluate age and weight as predictors of vitamin D status: serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with age alone, age and body weight, and age, body weight and their two-way interaction were modelled for the entire sample and each age subgroup. Graphical data were developed using B-spline non-linear regression.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (31 934 unweighted cases).SubjectsIndividuals aged 1 year and older.ResultsThere were highly significant differences in mean vitamin D status among US residents by weight and skin colour, with those having darker skin colour or higher body weight having worse vitamin D status. Although a significant factor, the impact of age on vitamin D status was notably less than the impact of body weight.ConclusionsVitamin D status varied predominantly by body weight and skin colour. Recommendations by nutritionists for diet and supplementation needs should take this into account if vitamin D-related health disparities are to be meaningfully reduced across the USA.

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Prevalence and risk factors for low vitamin D status among breastfeeding mother–infant dyads in an environment with abundant sunshine

International Journal of Women s Health ◽

10.2147/ijwh.s107707 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol Volume 8 ◽

pp. 529-535 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Adekunle Dawodu ◽

Khalil Salameh ◽

Najah Saleh Ali Al-Janahi ◽

Adriana Reedy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Status

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Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with diabetes mellitus

10.2337/figshare.12863750.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhenzhen Wan ◽

Jingyu Guo ◽

An Pan ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Liegang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Specific Mortality ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Reduced Risk ◽

Cvd Mortality

Objective: The evidence regarding vitamin D status and mortality among diabetes is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with <a>diabetes mellitus</a>. Research Design and Methods: This study included 6329 adults with diabetes from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 2001-2014. Death outcomes were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2015. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence (CIs) for mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer. Results: The weighted mean (95% CI) level of serum 25(OH)D was 57.7 (56.6, 58.8) nmol/L, and 46.6% had deficient vitamin D (<50 nmol/L [20 ng/mL]). <a>Higher </a>serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with lower levels of glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein at baseline (all Ptrend<0.05). During 55126 person-years of follow-up, 2056 deaths were documented, including 605 CVD deaths and 309 cancer deaths. <a>After multivariate adjustment, higher </a>serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly and linearly associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality: there was a 31% reduced risk of all-cause mortality and a 38% reduced risk of CVD mortality per one unit increment in natural log-transformed 25(OH)D (both P<0.001). Compared with participants with 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L, the multivariate-adjusted HRs and 95% CI for participants with 25(OH)D >75 nmol/L were 0.59 (0.43, 0.83) for all-cause mortality (Ptrend=0.003), 0.50 (0.29, 0.86) for CVD mortality (Ptrend=0.02), and 0.49 (0.23, 1.04) for cancer mortality (Ptrend=0.12). Conclusions: In a nationally representative sample of US adults with diabetes, higher serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly associated with lower all-cause and CVD mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining adequate vitamin D status may lower mortality risk in individuals with diabetes.

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