Focal attenuation of specific electroencephalographic power over the right parahippocampal region during transcerebral copper screening in living subjects and hemispheric asymmetric voltages in fixed brain tissue

✓ A porcine model of regional intracranial pressure was used to compare regional brain tissue pressure (RBTP) changes during expansion of an extradural temporal mass lesion. Measurements of RBTP were obtained by placing fiberoptic intraparenchymal pressure monitors in the right and left frontal lobes (RF and LF), right and left temporal lobes (RT and LT), midbrain (MB), and cerebellum (CB). During expansion of the right temporal mass, significant RBTP gradients developed in a reproducible pattern: RT > LF = LT > RF > MB > CB. These gradients appeared early, widened as the volume of the mass increased, and persisted for the entire duration of the experiment. The study indicates that RBTP gradients develop in the presence of an extradural temporal mass lesion. The highest RBTP was recorded in the ipsilateral temporal lobe, whereas the next highest was recorded in the contralateral frontal lobe. The RBTP that was measured in either frontal lobe underestimated the temporal RBTP. These results indicated that if a frontal intraparenchymal pressure monitor is used in a patient with temporal lobe pathology, the monitor should be placed on the contralateral side and a lower threshold for therapy of increased intracranial pressure should be adopted. Furthermore, this study provides further evidence that reliance on a single frontal intraparenchymal pressure monitor may not detect all areas of elevated RBTP.

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Brain tissue oxygen tension and its response to physiological manipulations: influence of distance from injury site in a swine model of traumatic brain injury

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2015.7.jns15809 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 (5) ◽

pp. 1217-1228 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gregory W. J. Hawryluk ◽

Nicolas Phan ◽

Adam R. Ferguson ◽

Diane Morabito ◽

Nikita Derugin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Swine Model ◽

Tissue Oxygen ◽

Brain Tissue Oxygen ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension ◽

Oxygen Probes ◽

Focal Injury ◽

The Right ◽

Physiological Interventions

OBJECTIVE The optimal site for placement of tissue oxygen probes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains unresolved. The authors used a previously described swine model of focal TBI and studied brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) at the sites of contusion, proximal and distal to contusion, and in the contralateral hemisphere to determine the effect of probe location on PbtO2 and to assess the effects of physiological interventions on PbtO2 at these different sites. METHODS A controlled cortical impact device was used to generate a focal lesion in the right frontal lobe in 12 anesthetized swine. PbtO2 was measured using Licox brain tissue oxygen probes placed at the site of contusion, in pericontusional tissue (proximal probe), in the right parietal region (distal probe), and in the contralateral hemisphere. PbtO2 was measured during normoxia, hyperoxia, hypoventilation, and hyperventilation. RESULTS Physiological interventions led to expected changes, including a large increase in partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood with hyperoxia, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) with hypoventilation, and decreased ICP with hyperventilation. Importantly, PbtO2 decreased substantially with proximity to the focal injury (contusion and proximal probes), and this difference was maintained at different levels of fraction of inspired oxygen and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood. In the distal and contralateral probes, hypoventilation and hyperventilation were associated with expected increased and decreased PbtO2 values, respectively. However, in the contusion and proximal probes, these effects were diminished, consistent with loss of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity at and near the injury site. Similarly, hyperoxia led to the expected rise in PbtO2 only in the distal and contralateral probes, with little or no effect in the proximal and contusion probes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS PbtO2 measurements are strongly influenced by the distance from the site of focal injury. Physiological alterations, including hyperoxia, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation substantially affect PbtO2 values distal to the site of injury but have little effect in and around the site of contusion. Clinical interpretations of brain tissue oxygen measurements should take into account the spatial relation of probe position to the site of injury. The decision of where to place a brain tissue oxygen probe in TBI patients should also take these factors into consideration.

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The Up-Regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 Axis By Radiotherapy Could Accelerate Glioma Progression

10.21203/rs.3.rs-287788/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuichiro Tsuji ◽

Naosuke Nonoguchi ◽

Daisuke Okuzaki ◽

Yusuke Wada ◽

Daisuke Motooka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Time ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Left Hemisphere ◽

Median Survival Time ◽

Glioma Cell ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

X Ray ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain ◽

Cxcr4 Axis

Abstract Background: This study investigated whether the effect of changes in the microenvironment of parenchymal brain tissue caused by radiotherapy for malignant brain tumors affect the recurrence and progression of glioma. Methods: 3 months after the same 65-Gy irradiation had been applied to the right hemisphere. Irradiated Fisher rats were divided into three groups for in vitro assay as follows. IR/Ipsi-brain; the right-hemisphere tissue was used for experiments. IR/Contra-brain; the left-hemisphere tissue was used. Sham-IR/Brain; sham-irradiation was applied to the brain, and the right-hemisphere tissue was used. The effects of proteins extracted from the brains directly or indirectly affected by irradiation on the growth of F98 cells, the effect on tube formation, the influence on tumor biology, and the influence on cytokine production were investigated. Additionally, irradiated animals were divided into three groups for in vivo assay as follows. IR/Ipis-tumor; F98 cells (a glioma cell line) were transplanted to the right hemisphere. IR/Contra-tumor; F98 cells were transplanted to the left hemisphere. Sham-IR/Tumor; F98 cells were transplanted to the right hemisphere without irradiation. The median survival time of F98 transplanted rats was also examined. Results: X-ray irradiation promoted the secretion of cytokines such as TNFα, TGF-β1, VEGF-A, and CXCL12 from the irradiated brain. F98 glioma cells implanted in the irradiated brains showed significantly high proliferation and angiogenesis ability, and the post-irradiation F98 tumor-implanted rats showed a shorter median survival time compared to the Sham-irradiation group.Conclusions: These results indicate that the up-regulation of CXCL12-CXCR4 axis by radiotherapy could promote tumor proliferation. Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for malignant gliomas including glioblastoma multiforme, but the current study suggests that the microenvironment around the brain tissue in the chronic phase after exposure to X-ray radiation becomes suitable for glioma cell growth and invasion.

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Bacterial Meningoencephalitis and Ventriculitis Due to Migrating Plant Foreign Bodies in Three Dogs

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.42-6-840 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 840-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

M. M. Dennis ◽

L. K. Pearce ◽

R. W. Norrdin ◽

E. J. Ehrhart

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Lateral Ventricle ◽

Plant Material ◽

Foreign Bodies ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Foreign Material ◽

The Third ◽

Aerobic Culture ◽

The Right ◽

Grass Awn

Regional suppurative meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis of variable chronicity was diagnosed in three young dogs residing in Colorado. Grass awns were grossly identified in the right occipital cortex of one dog and in the right lateral ventricle of another. Intralesional plant material was microscopically evident in the dura mater overlying the right occipital cortex of the third dog. One grass awn was identified as a floret of Hordeum jabatum. In each case, aerobic culture of brain tissue identified multiple isolates of bacteria. The dogs presented with clinically variable, rapidly progressive neurologic dysfunction, including tetraplegia, depressed mentation, and episodic extensor rigidity, ataxia, circling, stupor, vocalization, and head-pressing. Encephalitis due to bacteria introduced from migrating plant foreign material is a potential sequela of intranasal, periocular, or pharyngeal foreign bodies.

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The right way, the wrong way, and the army way: A dendritic parable

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x97441584 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 575-575

Author(s):

Arnold B. Scheibel

Keyword(s):

Human Brain ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Structural Studies ◽

Human Brain Tissue ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

The Right ◽

The Brain

We suggest that neither selectionism nor constructivism alone are responsible for learning-based changes in the brain. On the basis of quantitative structural studies of human brain tissue it has been possible to find evidence of both increase and decrease in tissue mass at synaptic and dendritic levels. It would appear that both processes are involved in the course of learning-dependent changes.

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Spreading depolarizations increase delayed brain injury in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x15619189 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 1224-1231 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Arend M Hamming ◽

Marieke JH Wermer ◽

S Umesh Rudrapatna ◽

Christian Lanier ◽

Hine JA van Os ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Rat Model ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽

Doppler Flowmetry ◽

Lesion Growth ◽

Brain Tissue Damage ◽

The Right

Spreading depolarizations may contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the effect of spreading depolarizations on brain lesion progression after subarachnoid hemorrhage has not yet been assessed directly. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that artificially induced spreading depolarizations increase brain tissue damage in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced by endovascular puncture of the right internal carotid bifurcation. After one day, brain tissue damage was measured with T2-weighted MRI, followed by application of 1 M KCl (SD group, N = 16) or saline (no-SD group, N = 16) to the right cortex. Cortical laser-Doppler flowmetry was performed to record spreading depolarizations. MRI was repeated on day 3, after which brains were extracted for assessment of subarachnoid hemorrhage severity and histological damage. 5.0 ± 2.7 spreading depolarizations were recorded in the SD group. Subarachnoid hemorrhage severity and mortality were similar between the SD and no-SD groups. Subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain lesions expanded between days 1 and 3. This lesion growth was larger in the SD group (241 ± 233 mm3) than in the no-SD group (29 ± 54 mm3) (p = 0.001). We conclude that induction of spreading depolarizations significantly advances lesion growth after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Our study underscores the pathophysiological consequence of spreading depolarizations in the development of delayed cerebral tissue injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

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NURSING CARE IN MEETING PHYSICAL MOBILITY NEEDS INPATIENTS NON HEMORRHAGIC STROKE IN RSKD DADI MAKASSAR

Media Keperawatan: Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar ◽

10.32382/jmk.v11i1.1555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 90

Author(s):

Nurshiyam Nurshiyam ◽

Muhammad Ardi ◽

Muhammad Basri

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Nursing Care ◽

Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽

Self Care ◽

Recovery Process ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Physical Mobility ◽

Care Approach ◽

Care Assistance ◽

The Right

Stroke is damage to brain tissue caused by a sudden reduction in or supply of oxygen in the blood. Brain tissue that has decreased oxygen supply will experience decreased function and cell death. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of nursing care to meet the needs of physical mobility in stroke patients at RSKD Dadi Makassar. The study design was a case study in the form of a nursing care approach in two non-hemorrhagic stroke patients. The results showed both patients experienced weakness of the right limb which caused impaired physical mobility and total self-care deficit. Nursing interventions in patients include ambulation support, mobilization support, range of motion exercises and self-care assistance. Nurses should provide care and education to families about the care of stroke patients who experience physical mobility impairments and self-care deficits. Families also need to provide support to stroke patients undergoing treatment to increase motivation, speed up the recovery process and prevent complications.

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Abstract WP45: Regional Contribution of Salvaged Brain Tissue on Outcome in Endovascular Stroke Therapy

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.wp45 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sunil A Sheth ◽

Priscilla McElhinney ◽

Julius Weng ◽

Daniel Ichwan ◽

Ben Quachtran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Left Hemisphere ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Perfusion Mri ◽

Brain Atlas ◽

Differential Weighting ◽

Mri Scans ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right ◽

Language Areas

Introduction: Endovascular stroke treatments (ET) require an understanding of the relative eloquence of brain regions, particularly when treating distal occlusions. However, prior studies of regional eloquence have focused on the effect of infarcted territories on outcome. Here, we evaluate the relative importance of salvaging different brain regions. Methods: From our prospectively maintained institutional registry, we identified patients treated with ET from 2010-2015 with presentation and day 5-7 MRI scans. Brain regions were defined as follows: initial infarct from presentation ADC (manually identified), penumbra from initial perfusion MRI TMax > 6 seconds, and final infarcts from hyperintense day 5-7 FLAIR regions (manually identified). Salvaged brain tissue (SBT) was computed by co-registering day 5-7 FLAIR with presentation perfusion MRI against the SRI24 Brain Atlas, and calculating the difference between penumbra and final infarct. SBT maps of all patients were combined and weighted against 90-day modified Rankin scale (mRS) to create an outcomes-weighted SBT map. Results: Among 338 patients treated with ET, mean age was 66, 54% were female, and median NIHSS score was 14 [IQR 8-19]. Mean initial infarct was 19 mL (SD 28), final infarct 48 mL (SD 67), and penumbra 414 mL (SD 241). Average SBT was 366 mL (SD 241). SBT volume correlated positively with 90-day mRS (p<0.05). Eloquence maps of SBT brain regions demonstrated differential weighting for the right and left hemisphere (Figure). For both hemispheres, salvaging the Rolandic territory was associated with good outcome, and for the left hemisphere only, salvaging the perisylvian regions (likely representing language areas) was also important. Conclusions: The volume and location of brain tissue salvaged by ET is an important determinant of clinical outcome. The results of our outcomes-weighted salvaged brain tissue maps support targeting eloquent regions when considering a patient for ET.

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A patient with granulomatous amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris survived with two excisions and medication

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-07020-8 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Limei Peng ◽

Quan Zhou ◽

Yu Wu ◽

Xiaoli Cao ◽

Zili Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Central Nervous System Infection ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

Surgical Removal ◽

Balamuthia Mandrillaris ◽

Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis ◽

Left Limb ◽

Second Surgery ◽

The Right

Abstract Background Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) is a rare central nervous system infection caused by the Balamuthia mandrillaris or Acanthamoeba species. Diagnosis is challenging because of the non-specific clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and radiological features. There is no effective treatment for GAE to date. Case presentation A 54-year-old male was admitted to hospital after experiencing acute onset of numbness and weakness on his left limb. Due to the initial consideration of intracranial tumor, surgical removal of the right parietal lesion was performed. However, the patient had a headache accompanied by diplopia, difficulty walking and a new lesion was found in the left occipital-parietal lobe two weeks after the first operation. High-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) detected the presence of high copy reads of the B. mandrillaris genome sequence in the patient’s blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and brain tissue. Pathological investigation of the brain tissue showed granulomatous changes and amoebic trophozoite scattered around blood vessels under high magnification. The patient was re-operated due to developing progressive confusion caused by subfalcine herniation of the left cerebral hemisphere. The lesions of the right parietal lobe were obviously decreasing in size after the first surgery, and the lesions of the left occipital lobe and the sunfalcine herniation didn’t ameliorate two months after the second surgery. The patient was transferred to local hospital for continuous treatment with sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin. After five months of the second surgery, the patient showed good recovery with mild headache. Conclusions This is the first report of a patient with B. mandrillaris encephalitis initially confirmed by NGS and have experienced two excisions, responding favorably to the combination of surgeries and medications. Early surgical resection of intracranial lesions combined with drug treatment may offer the chance of a cure.

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Ectopic brain tissue in the trigeminal nerve presenting as rapid-onset trigeminal neuralgia: case report

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/2017.6.jns17811 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 1063-1066

Author(s):

Jeffrey H. Zimering ◽

Jonathan J. Stone ◽

Audrey Paulzak ◽

John D. Markman ◽

Mahlon D. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Trigeminal Nerve ◽

Facial Pain ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Small Lesion ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Normal Brain ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

The Right

The authors report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with rapid-onset lancinating facial pain consistent with trigeminal neuralgia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a nonenhancing small lesion on the right trigeminal nerve concerning for an atypical schwannoma or neuroma. The patient underwent resection of the mass via a right retrosigmoid approach. His facial pain completely resolved immediately postoperatively and had not recurred at 6 months after surgery. The mass was consistent with normal brain tissue (neurons and glial cells) without evidence of mitoses. A final histopathological diagnosis of ectopic brain tissue with neural tissue demonstrating focal, chronic T-cell inflammation was made. The partial rhizotomy during resection was curative for the facial pain. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of neuroglial ectopia causing trigeminal neuralgia.

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