Enhanced brainstem phase-locking in low-level noise reveals stochastic resonance in the frequency-following response (FFR)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1771 ◽  
pp. 147643
Author(s):  
Bhanu Shukla ◽  
Gavin M. Bidelman
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Subcortical rather than cortical sources of the frequency-following response (FFR) relate to speech-in-noise perception

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin M. Bidelman ◽  
Sara Momtaz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Source Reconstruction ◽  
Listening Skills ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Brain Behavior ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Robust To Noise

ABSTRACTScalp-recorded frequency-following responses (FFRs) reflect a mixture of phase-locked activity across the auditory pathway. FFRs have been widely used as a neural barometer of complex listening skills, especially speech-in noise (SIN) perception. Applying individually optimized source reconstruction to speech-FFRs recorded via EEG (FFREEG), we assessed the relative contributions of subcortical [auditory nerve (AN), brainstem/midbrain (BS)] and cortical [bilateral primary auditory cortex, PAC] source generators with the aim of identifying which source(s) drive the brain-behavior relation between FFRs and SIN listening skills. We found FFR strength declined precipitously from AN to PAC, consistent with diminishing phase-locking along the ascending auditory neuroaxis. FFRs to the speech fundamental (F0) were robust to noise across sources, but were largest in subcortical sources (BS > AN > PAC). PAC FFRs were only weakly observed above the noise floor and only at the low pitch of speech (F0≈100 Hz). Brain-behavior regressions revealed (i) AN and BS FFRs were sufficient to describe listeners’ QuickSIN scores and (ii) contrary to neuromagnetic (MEG) FFRs, neither left nor right PAC FFREEG predicted SIN performance. Our preliminary findings suggest subcortical sources not only dominate the electrical FFR but also the link between speech-FFRs and SIN processing as observed in previous EEG studies.

scholarly journals Acute low-level alcohol consumption reduces phase locking of event-related oscillations in rodents

2017 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie R. Amodeo ◽  
Derek N. Wills ◽  
Cindy L. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Low Level

scholarly journals Development of Phase Locking and Frequency Representation in the Infant Frequency-Following Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2740-2751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katlyn B. Van Dyke ◽  
Rachel Lieberman ◽  
Alessandro Presacco ◽  
Samira Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
First Year ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Frequency Representation ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Year Of Life

Purpose This study investigates the development of phase locking and frequency representation in infants using the frequency-following response to consonant–vowel syllables. Method The frequency-following response was recorded in 56 infants and 15 young adults to 2 speech syllables (/ba/ and /ga/), which were presented in randomized order to the right ear. Signal-to-noise ratio and F sp analyses were used to verify that individual responses were present above the noise floor. Thirty-six and 39 infants met these criteria for the /ba/ or /ga/ syllables, respectively, and 31 infants met the criteria for both syllables. Data were analyzed to obtain measures of phase-locking strength and spectral magnitudes. Results Phase-locking strength to the fine structure in the consonant–vowel transition was higher in young adults than in infants, but phase locking was equivalent at the fundamental frequency between infants and adults. However, frequency representation of the fundamental frequency was higher in older infants than in either the younger infants or adults. Conclusion Although spectral amplitudes changed during the first year of life, no changes were found with respect to phase locking to the stimulus envelope. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining these measures of phase locking and fundamental pitch strength in infants as young as 2 months of age.

scholarly journals Memory specific to temporal features of sound is formed by cue-selective enhancements in temporal coding enabled by inhibition of an epigenetic regulator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena K Rotondo ◽  
Kasia M Bieszczad
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Temporal Coding ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Epigenetic Regulator ◽  
Rate Discrimination

Recent investigation of memory-related functions in the auditory system have capitalized on the use of memory-modulating molecules to probe the relationship between memory and its substrates in auditory system coding. For example, epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate gene expression necessary for memory consolidation, are powerful modulators of learning-induced neuroplasticity and long-term memory formation (LTM). Inhibition of the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) promotes LTM that is highly specific for spectral features of sound. The present work demonstrates for the first time that HDAC3 inhibition also enables memory for temporal features of sound. Rats trained in an amplitude modulation (AM) rate discrimination task and treated with a selective inhibitor of HDAC3 formed memory that was unusually specific to the AM rate paired with reward. Unusually sound-specific memory revealed behaviorally was associated with a signal-specific enhancement in temporal coding in the auditory system: stronger phase-locking that was specific to the rewarded AM rate was revealed in both the surface-recorded frequency following response (FFR) and auditory cortical multiunit activity in rats treated with the HDAC3 inhibitor. Furthermore, HDAC3 inhibition increased trial-to-trial cortical response consistency (relative to naive and trained vehicle-treated rats) that generalized across different AM rates. Stronger signal-specific phase-locking correlated with individual behavioral differences in memory specificity for the AM signal. Together, these findings support that epigenetic mechanisms regulate activity-dependent processes that enhance discriminability of sensory cues encoded into LTM in both spectral and temporal domains, which may be important for remembering spectrotemporal features of sounds, e.g., as in human voices and speech.

Ultrastructural identification of three types of sensory setae on copepod antennae

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 956-957
Author(s):  
T. M. Weatherby ◽  
P.H. Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Phase Locking ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Dendritic Membrane ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization

Crustaceans, as well as other arthropods, are covered with sensory setae and hairs, including mechanoand chemosensory sensillae with a ciliary origin. Calanoid copepods are small planktonic crustaceans forming a major link in marine food webs. In conjunction with behavioral and physiological studies of the antennae of calanoids, we undertook the ultrastructural characterization of sensory setae on the antennae of Pleuromamma xiphias.Distal mechanoreceptive setae exhibit exceptional behavioral and physiological performance characteristics: high sensitivity (<10 nm displacements), fast reaction times (<1 msec latency) and phase locking to high frequencies (1-2 kHz). Unusual structural features of the mechanoreceptors are likely to be related to their physiological sensitivity. These features include a large number (up to 3000) of microtubules in each sensory cell dendrite, arising from or anchored to electron dense rods associated with the ciliary basal body microtubule doublets. The microtubules are arranged in a regular array, with bridges between and within rows. These bundles of microtubules extend far into each mechanoreceptive seta and terminate in a staggered fashion along the dendritic membrane, contacting a large membrane surface area and providing a large potential site of mechanotransduction.

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