The role of the premotor cortex and the primary motor cortex in action verb comprehension: Evidence from Granger causality analysis

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to investigate the relationships among Interhemispheric Temperature Asymmetry (ITA) and the principal modes of natural variability: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In particular, Granger causality tests are used to capture the linkages among these variables. Our analysis provides strong evidence that AMO causes ITA, the causal role of PDO is weak, and SOI seems to have no causal influence.

Download Full-text

The Role of Primary Motor Cortex as a Marker for and Modulator of Pain Control and Emotional-Affective Processing

10.3389/978-2-88945-261-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Pain Control ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Affective Processing

Download Full-text

Fraud and Bank Performance in Nigeria – Var Granger Causality Analysis

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2020-0003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Taiwo A. Muritala ◽

Muftau A. Ijaiya ◽

Olatanwa H. Afolabi ◽

Abdulrasheed B. Yinus

Keyword(s):

Control Systems ◽

Granger Causality ◽

Internal Control ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Bank Performance ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Vector Autoregressive ◽

Granger Causality Analysis ◽

Long Run ◽

Multivariate Cointegration

AbstractThis paper examines the causality between fraud and bank performance in Nigeria over the period 2000-2016 for quarterly financial data using Johansen’s Multivariate Cointegration Model and Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Granger Causality analysis. The results show a long-run relationship between the variables. Bank performance was found to be linked to Granger fraud variables and vice versa at 10% significant level. This study reveals that there was a direct causal relationship between bank performance and fraud because increase in fraudulent activities in the banking sector leads to reduction in bank performance. Hence, this study recommends that internal control systems of banks should be strengthened so as to detect and prevent fraud. In this way, bank assets would be protected.

Download Full-text

Post-Sample Granger Causality Analysis: A New (Relatively) Large-Scale Exemplar

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2375497 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Haichun Ye ◽

Richard A. Ashley ◽

John Guerard

Keyword(s):

Granger Causality ◽

Large Scale ◽

Causality Analysis ◽

Granger Causality Analysis

Download Full-text

Cerebellar rTMS and PAS effectively induce cerebellar plasticity

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82496-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Martje G. Pauly ◽

Annika Steinmeier ◽

Christina Bolte ◽

Feline Hamami ◽

Elinor Tzvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Cortical Excitability ◽

Motor Evoked Potentials ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Motor Pathways ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Cerebellar Plasticity

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation techniques including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS), paired associative stimulation (PAS), and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have been applied over the cerebellum to induce plasticity and gain insights into the interaction of the cerebellum with neo-cortical structures including the motor cortex. We compared the effects of 1 Hz rTMS, cTBS, PAS and tDCS given over the cerebellum on motor cortical excitability and interactions between the cerebellum and dorsal premotor cortex / primary motor cortex in two within subject designs in healthy controls. In experiment 1, rTMS, cTBS, PAS, and tDCS were applied over the cerebellum in 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 2, rTMS and PAS were compared to sham conditions in another group of 20 healthy subjects. In experiment 1, PAS reduced cortical excitability determined by motor evoked potentials (MEP) amplitudes, whereas rTMS increased motor thresholds and facilitated dorsal premotor-motor and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. TDCS and cTBS had no significant effects. In experiment 2, MEP amplitudes increased after rTMS and motor thresholds following PAS. Analysis of all participants who received rTMS and PAS showed that MEP amplitudes were reduced after PAS and increased following rTMS. rTMS also caused facilitation of dorsal premotor-motor cortex and cerebellum-motor cortex interactions. In summary, cerebellar 1 Hz rTMS and PAS can effectively induce plasticity in cerebello-(premotor)-motor pathways provided larger samples are studied.

Download Full-text

Periinfarct rewiring supports recovery after primary motor cortex stroke

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1177/0271678x211002968 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0271678X2110029

Author(s):

Mitsouko van Assche ◽

Elisabeth Dirren ◽

Alexia Bourgeois ◽

Andreas Kleinschmidt ◽

Jonas Richiardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Cortex ◽

Primary Motor Cortex ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Premotor Cortex ◽

Core Network ◽

Small Spatial Scale ◽

The Core ◽

Hand Dexterity ◽

Motor Network ◽

Motor Improvement

After stroke restricted to the primary motor cortex (M1), it is uncertain whether network reorganization associated with recovery involves the periinfarct or more remote regions. We studied 16 patients with focal M1 stroke and hand paresis. Motor function and resting-state MRI functional connectivity (FC) were assessed at three time points: acute (<10 days), early subacute (3 weeks), and late subacute (3 months). FC correlates of recovery were investigated at three spatial scales, (i) ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, (ii) core motor network (M1, premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory cortex), and (iii) extended motor network including all regions structurally connected to the upper limb representation of M1. Hand dexterity was impaired only in the acute phase ( P = 0.036). At a small spatial scale, clinical recovery was more frequently associated with connections involving ipsilesional non-infarcted M1 (Odds Ratio = 6.29; P = 0.036). At a larger scale, recovery correlated with increased FC strength in the core network compared to the extended motor network (rho = 0.71; P = 0.006). These results suggest that FC changes associated with motor improvement involve the perilesional M1 and do not extend beyond the core motor network. Core motor regions, and more specifically ipsilesional non-infarcted M1, could hence become primary targets for restorative therapies.

Download Full-text