scholarly journals The effect of differential disgust conditioning and subsequent extinction versus counterconditioning procedures on women's sexual responses to erotic stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 103714
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pawłowska ◽  
Charmaine Borg ◽  
Peter J. de Jong ◽  
Stephanie Both
Keyword(s):  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Sexual Responses

Responses to Complex Erotic Stimuli in Homosexual and Heterosexual Males

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matig Mavissakalian ◽  
Edward B. Blanchard ◽  
Gene G. Abel ◽  
David H. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
Sexual Preference ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Sexual Responses ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Penile Circumference

The technique of measuring penile erection is the most valid assessment of sexual arousal in males (Zuckerman, 1971). The stimuli used during assessments of sexual preference with this technique have for the most part, been still or moving pictures of nude single females and males (Freund, 1963; McConaghy, 1967; Barlow, Becker, Leitenberg and Agras, 1970). Recently Abel, Barlow, Blanchard and Mavissakalian (in press) have shown that erotic films produce significantly greater penile circumference changes than either slides or audiotaped descriptions in homosexual males. Similarly, Sandford (1974) showed the superiority of films over slides in heterosexual males and suggested that sexual activity rather than nakedness per se may be the more important in producing sexual arousal. The main purpose of this study was to determine what sexual activities produce significantly different sexual responses in homosexual and heterosexual males.

scholarly journals Sexual Dysfunction in Chronically Medicated Male Inpatients With Schizophrenia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Response to Sexual Arousal

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianying Liu ◽  
Shaohua Liu ◽  
Meihong Xiu ◽  
Hongdong Deng ◽  
Huiyun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Negative Factor ◽  
Male Patients

BackgroundSexual dysfunction is a common symptom in patients with schizophrenia, especially in chronically medicated patients. However, the relationship between sexual dysfunction and emotional response to sexual arousal in male patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors of sexual dysfunction in males, and their clinical correlations to sexual arousal in male patients with schizophrenia in China.MethodsA total of 162 male patients, aged 18–50 years, with schizophrenia were recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Ganzhou. The clinical symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was utilized to evaluate sexual dysfunction. Erotic images were selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Sixty-eight out of the 162 subjects completed the erotic pictures reactivity task.ResultsOverall, 48 (29.6%) patients were measured as having global sexual dysfunction, 72 (44.4%) patients as having strength of sex drive dysfunction, 51 (31.5%) patients as having sexual arousal dysfunction, 55 (34.0%) patients as having penile erection dysfunction, 60 (37.0%) patients as having reached orgasm dysfunction, and 60 (37.0%) patients as having satisfaction with orgasm dysfunction. The sexual dysfunction patients had significantly higher scores on the negative symptoms of the PANSS. The only important predictor of sexual dysfunction was the severity of PANSS negative factor. The sense of pleasure and arousal post viewing erotic images in the sexual dysfunction group were lower compared to the non-sexual dysfunction group. The sense of pleasure and approach motivation were significantly negatively correlated with the severity of sexual dysfunction.ConclusionsThis study shows that nearly one-third of young and middle-aged chronically medicated male inpatients with schizophrenia suffer from sexual dysfunction. The negative factor of the PANSS can be regarded as the risk factor of sexual dysfunction. Schizophrenia patients with sexual dysfunction experienced lower pleasure and higher avoidance motivation than non-sexual dysfunction patients when exposed to erotic stimuli.

scholarly journals To what extent do erotic images elicit visuospatial versus cognitive attentional processes? Consistent support for a (non-spatial) Sexual Content-Induced Delay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Imhoff ◽  
Paul Barker ◽  
Alexander F. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Attention Capture ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Sexual Content ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Total N ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Cognitive Attention ◽  
Consistent Support

It is almost a cultural truism that erotic images attract our attention, presumably because paying attention to erotic stimuli provided our ancestors with mating benefits. Attention, however, can be narrowly defined as visuospatial attention (keeping such stimuli in view) or more broadly as cognitive attention (such stimuli taking up one’s thoughts). We present four independent studies aiming to test the extent to which erotic images have priority in capturing visuospatial versus cognitive attention. Whereas the former would show in quicker reactions to stimuli presented in locations where erotic images appeared previously, the latter causes delayed responding after erotic images, independent of their location). To this end, we specifically modified spatial cueing tasks to disentangle visuospatial attention capture from general sexual content-induced delay (SCID) effects—a major drawback in the previous literature. Consistently across all studies (total N = 399), we found no evidence in support of visuospatial attention capture but reliably observed an unspecific delay of responding for trials in which erotic images appeared (irrespective of cue location). This SCID is equally large for heterosexual men and women and reliably associated with their self-reported sexual excitability.

Ready or Not: Exploring Sexual Arousal with Women who Report Sexual Arousal Difficulties

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Zadorozny
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Sexual Arousal ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Subjective Sexual Arousal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Arousal ◽  
Report Measure

The purpose of this study is to examine possible differences in genital and subjective components of sexual arousal between women with and without sexual arousal/desire difficulties (SADD). Previous research has focused on physiological differences with women who have SADD, in particular, genital response to erotic stimuli. The pattern of results in the literature indicates that women with SADD exhibit similar genital responses to controls (Meston, Rellini, & McCall, 2010), yet women with SADD typically report a decrease in intensity of genital sensation in sexual situations (Laan, van Driel, & van Lunsen, 2008; Giraldi, Rellini, Pfaus, & Laan, 2013), calling into question the method of measurement employed to assess genitalresponse. In the current study, genital and subjective arousal, along with genital-subjective agreement (i.e., sexual concordance), will be investigated to determine if there is a difference between women with SADD and controls. Participants will include 30 self-identified heterosexual women who will complete a validated self-report measure of sexual function and a session in which they rate their subjective sexual arousal while their genital blood flow is measured in response to various films. Laser Doppler Imaging will be used to measure genital blood flow for the first time in this population. This study could lead to a better understanding of sexual arousal in women with SADD, which will assist with diagnosis, as well as identify areas to focus on when trying to develop treatments for sexual dysfunction.

scholarly journals Topography of emotional valence and arousal within the motor part of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Serranová ◽  
Tomáš Sieger ◽  
Filip Růžička ◽  
Eduard Bakštein ◽  
Petr Dušek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Motor Effects

AbstractClinical motor and non-motor effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in Parkinson's disease (PD) seem to depend on the stimulation site within the STN. We analysed the effects of the position of the stimulation electrode within the motor STN on subjective emotional experience, expressed as emotional valence and arousal ratings to pictures representing primary rewards and aversive fearful stimuli in 20 PD patients. Patients’ ratings from both aversive and erotic stimuli matched the mean ratings from a group of 20 control subjects at similar position within the STN. Patients with electrodes located more posteriorly reported both valence and arousal ratings from both the rewarding and aversive pictures as more extreme. Moreover, posterior electrode positions were associated with a higher occurrence of depression at a long-term follow-up. This brain–behavior relationship suggests a complex emotion topography in the motor part of the STN. Both valence and arousal representations overlapped and were uniformly arranged anterior-posteriorly in a gradient-like manner, suggesting a specific spatial organization needed for the coding of the motivational salience of the stimuli. This finding is relevant for our understanding of neuropsychiatric side effects in STN DBS and potentially for optimal electrode placement.

scholarly journals Hormonal Contraceptives, Female Sexual Dysfunction, and Managing Strategies: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nerea M. Casado-Espada ◽  
Rubén de Alarcón ◽  
Javier I. de la Iglesia-Larrad ◽  
Berta Bote-Bonaechea ◽  
Ángel L. Montejo
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Sexual Hormones ◽  
Sexual Jealousy ◽  
Erotic Stimuli ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Contraceptive Ring

In recent decades, hormonal contraceptives (HC) has made a difference in the control of female fertility, taking an unequivocal role in improving contraceptive efficacy. Some side effects of hormonal treatments have been carefully studied. However, the influence of these drugs on female sexual functioning is not so clear, although variations in the plasma levels of sexual hormones could be associated with sexual dysfunction. Permanent hormonal modifications, during menopause or caused by some endocrine pathologies, could be directly related to sexual dysfunction in some cases but not in all of them. HC use seems to be responsible for a decrease of circulating androgen, estradiol, and progesterone levels, as well as for the inhibition of oxytocin functioning. Hormonal contraceptive use could alter women’s pair-bonding behavior, reduce neural response to the expectation of erotic stimuli, and increase sexual jealousy. There are contradictory results from different studies regarding the association between sexual dysfunction and hormonal contraceptives, so it could be firmly said that additional research is needed. When contraceptive-related female sexual dysfunction is suspected, the recommended therapy is the discontinuation of contraceptives with consideration of an alternative method, such as levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine systems, copper intrauterine contraceptives, etonogestrel implants, the permanent sterilization of either partner (when future fertility is not desired), or a contraceptive ring.

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