scholarly journals Non-invasive stimulation of the motor cerebellum has potential cognitive confounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Hardwick ◽  
Amanda S. Therrien ◽  
Elise Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stimulation Of

Non-invasive electrical stimulation of oropharyngeal muscles in obstructive sleep apnoea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Luis RodrÍguez Hermosa ◽  
Myriam Calle ◽  
Ina Guerassimova ◽  
Baldomero FernÁndez ◽  
Víctor Javier Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Stimulation Of

A methodological reappraisal of non invasive high voltage electrical stimulation of lumbosacral nerve roots

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 2071-2080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Troni ◽  
Alessia Di Sapio ◽  
Eliana Berra ◽  
Sergio Duca ◽  
Aristide Merola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Electro-haptic hearing: Speech-in-noise performance in cochlear implant users is enhanced by tactile stimulation of the wrists

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Fletcher ◽  
Amatullah Hadeedi ◽  
Tobias Goehring ◽  
Sean R Mills
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Noise Performance ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

Cochlear implant (CI) users receive only limited sound information through their implant, which means that they struggle to understand speech in noisy environments. Recent work has suggested that combining the electrical signal from the CI with a haptic signal that provides crucial missing sound information (“electro-haptic stimulation”; EHS) could improve speech-in-noise performance. The aim of the current study was to test whether EHS could enhance speech-in-noise performance in CI users using: (1) a tactile signal derived using an algorithm that could be applied in real time, (2) a stimulation site appropriate for a real-world application, and (3) a tactile signal that could readily be produced by a compact, portable device. We measured speech intelligibility in multi-talker noise with and without vibro-tactile stimulation of the wrist in CI users, before and after a short training regime. No effect of EHS was found before training, but after training EHS was found to improve the number of words correctly identified by an average of 8.3 %-points, with some users improving by more than 20 %-points. Our approach could offer an inexpensive and non-invasive means of improving speech-in-noise performance in CI users.

scholarly journals Non-invasive stimulation of vagal afferents reduces gastric frequency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Teckentrup ◽  
Sandra Neubert ◽  
João C. P. Santiago ◽  
Manfred Hallschmid ◽  
Martin Walter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractMetabolic feedback between the gut and the brain relayed via the vagus nerve contributes to energy homeostasis. We investigated in healthy adults whether non-invasive stimulation of vagal afferents impacts energy homeostasis via efferent effects on metabolism or digestion. In a randomized crossover design, we applied transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) while recording efferent metabolic effects using simultaneous electrogastrography (EGG) and indirect calorimetry. We found that taVNS reduced gastric myoelectric frequency (p =.008), but did not alter resting energy expenditure. We conclude that stimulating vagal afferents induces gastric slowing via vagal efferents without acutely affecting net energy expenditure at rest. Collectively, this highlights the potential of taVNS to modulate digestion by activating the dorsal vagal complex. Thus, taVNS-induced changes in gastric frequency are an important peripheral marker of brain stimulation effects.

Time-dependent Changes in Prostaglandin Excretion in Response to Frusemide in Man

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Scherer ◽  
P. C. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Urinary Volume ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Urinary Potassium ◽  
The One ◽  
Vascular Compartment ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. To evaluate in man by a non-invasive technique the possible role of prostaglandin (PG) compounds in initial renal haemodynamic effects after frusemide we studied the urinary excretion of PGE2 and of PGF2α before and at 15 min and 120 min after intravenous injection of this drug. 2. An increase of PGE2 and of PGF2α excretion was found in all 19 volunteer subjects within 15 min after frusemide, and PG excretion had returned towards control values at 120 min. The stimulation of PGF2α excretion by frusemide was markedly lower in men than in women, but this difference was statistically not significant. 3. No clear-cut relation was found between urinary PG compounds, on the one hand, and urinary volume, urinary sodium and urinary potassium, on the other hand, during the study. 4. The results support the assumption that the rapid increase of urinary PG compounds after frusemide, which parallels the changes in renal haemodynamics, may be an indicator of an activation of the PG system, in part or predominantly, in the vascular compartment.

Implication of Auditory Confounding in Interpreting Somatosensory and Motor Responses in Low-Intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Park ◽  
Mengyue Chen ◽  
Taewon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Auditory Pathway ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation ◽  
Transcranial Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Indirect Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (LI-tFUS) stimulation is a non-invasive neuromodulation tool that demonstrates high target localization accuracy and depth penetration. It has been shown to modulate activities in the primary motor and somatosensory cortex. Previous studies in animals and humans acknowledged the possibility of indirect stimulation of the peripheral auditory pathway that could confound the somatosensory and motor responses observed with LI-tFUS stimulation. Here, we discuss the implications and interpretations of auditory confounding in the context of neuromodulation.

A method for selective stimulation of leg chemoreceptors in whole crustaceans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Solari ◽  
Giorgia Sollai ◽  
Francesco Palmas ◽  
Andrea Sabatini ◽  
Roberto Crnjar
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Search Behaviour ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Animal Survival ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Reflex Activation ◽  
Motor Outputs ◽  
Stimulation Of

The integration of sensory information with adequate motor outputs is critical for animal survival. Here, we present an innovative technique based on a non-invasive closed-circuit device consisting of a perfusion/stimulation chamber chronically applied on a single leg of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Using this technique, we focally stimulated the leg inside the chamber and studied the leg-dependent sensory-motor integration involving other sensory appendages, such as antennules and maxillipeds, which remain unstimulated outside the chamber. Results show that the stimulation of a single leg with chemicals, such as disaccharides, is sufficient to trigger a complex search behaviour involving locomotion coupled with the reflex activation of antennules and maxillipeds. This technique can be easily adapted to other decapods and/or other sensory appendages. Thus, it has opened possibilities for studying sensory-motor integration evoked by leg stimulation in whole aquatic animals under natural conditions to supplement, with a direct approach, current ablation/silencing techniques.

scholarly journals Neuromodulation Special IssueNon-invasive stimulation of the social brain: the methodological challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tegan Penton ◽  
Caroline Catmur ◽  
Michael J Banissy ◽  
Geoffrey Bird ◽  
Vincent Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Social Processing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Difficulties ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Reliable Interpretation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Use of non-invasive brain stimulation methods (NIBS) has become a common approach to study social processing in addition to behavioural, imaging and lesion studies. However, research using NIBS to investigate social processing faces challenges. Overcoming these is important to allow valid and reliable interpretation of findings in neurotypical cohorts, but also to allow us to tailor NIBS protocols to atypical groups with social difficulties. In this review, we consider the utility of brain stimulation as a technique to study and modulate social processing. We also discuss challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study social processing in neurotypical adults with a view to highlighting potential solutions. Finally, we discuss additional challenges that face researchers using NIBS to study and modulate social processing in atypical groups. These are important to consider given that NIBS protocols are rarely tailored to atypical groups before use. Instead, many rely on protocols designed for neurotypical adults despite differences in brain function that are likely to impact response to NIBS.

Preliminary design and testing of neck chamber device for baroreflex sensitivity assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
Pratik V Paliwal ◽  
Prathamesh H Kamble ◽  
K A Desai ◽  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Anish Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Test ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Carotid Baroreceptor ◽  
Sensitivity Assessment ◽  
Neck Chamber ◽  
Design And Testing ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Stimulation Of

This paper presents the design, development and testing of a novel neck chamber device for non-invasive stimulation of an individual carotid baroreceptor in a graded manner. The proposed neck chamber device is a strap-free design that avoids discomfort during testing due to tight seal generated by the neck collar design, and facilitates unilateral testing and targeted assessment without stimulating other neck baroreceptors. The device consists of two independent components to achieve these requirements: an outer suction mechanism and an inner chamber. The outer mechanism consists of multiple suction cups to grip the device over the human neck, while the inner chamber creates controlled positive and negative pressure for stimulation of baroreceptors using a pump. The indigenously developed device was employed for the testing by providing neck chamber stimulation in discrete steps of –20 mm Hg, –40 mm Hg, −60 mm Hg, 0 mm Hg, 20 mm Hg, 40 mm Hg and 60 mm Hg with the gap of 60 s between each stimulation as per the standard test protocol of autonomic function test. The changes in heart rate and RR interval were recorded to determine the baroreceptor gain using the logistic equation derivative and gain curve plot. The results of the present study show that the estimated baroreceptor gain is –0.109±0.04, which is consistent with the previous studies conducted using neck collar devices. The testing results showed that the desired objectives are achieved successfully by the prototype device, opening up the possibility of its use for the treatment of resistant hypertension.

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