Variability of cardiorespiratory interactions under different breathing patterns

2022 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 103152
Author(s):  
Dushko Lukarski ◽  
Dushko Stavrov ◽  
Tomislav Stankovski
Keyword(s):  
Breathing Patterns

Swallow Pattern Generator Reconfiguration of the Respiratory Neural Network

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Andrea Vovka ◽  
Paul W. Davenport ◽  
Karen Wheeler-Hegland ◽  
Kendall F. Morris ◽  
Christine M. Sapienza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Pattern Generator ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Control Assembly ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallow ◽  
Laryngeal Vestibule ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Swallow Apnea

Abstract When the nasal and oral passages converge and a bolus enters the pharynx, it is critical that breathing and swallow motor patterns become integrated to allow safe passage of the bolus through the pharynx. Breathing patterns must be reconfigured to inhibit inspiration, and upper airway muscle activity must be recruited and reconfigured to close the glottis and laryngeal vestibule, invert the epiglottis, and ultimately protect the lower airways. Failure to close and protect the glottal opening to the lower airways, or loss of the integration and coordination of swallow and breathing, increases the risk of penetration or aspiration. A neural swallow central pattern generator (CPG) controls the pharyngeal swallow phase and is located in the medulla. We propose that this swallow CPG is functionally organized in a holarchical behavioral control assembly (BCA) and is recruited with pharyngeal swallow. The swallow BCA holon reconfigures the respiratory CPG to produce the stereotypical swallow breathing pattern, consisting of swallow apnea during swallowing followed by prolongation of expiration following swallow. The timing of swallow apnea and the duration of expiration is a function of the presence of the bolus in the pharynx, size of the bolus, bolus consistency, breath cycle, ventilatory state and disease.

ANALISIS KASUS KANKER LIDAH DALAM KONTEKS ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN DENGAN PENDEKATAN COMFORT THEORY MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurviana Suharto
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Tongue Cancer ◽  
Theory Model ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tongue ◽  
Very High ◽  
Carcinoma Tongue ◽  
Comfort Theory

ABSTRACT The prevalence of patients with cancer increase every year. Tongue cancer is a type of malignancy of the tongue, and almost 95% is squamous cell carcinoma. Tongue cancer is a cancer with high progression with bad prognosis so that the mortality rate is very high and often causes discomfort. Comfort is the starting point of various healing that will be achieved by the client. Improvements in client conditions will not be achieved if the need of comfort is not fulfilled. In nursing care the problems that arise in tongue cancer are chronic pain, nutrient imbalance: less than body needs, and ineffective breathing patterns. Analysis of residency practice processes shows that comfort theory can be applied to patients with malignancy cases in nursing care, as it can identify patients' holistic discomfort from the physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural and environmental aspects.Keyword : Comfort Theory, Tongue Cancer

scholarly journals Intelligent Non-Contact Sensing for Connected Health Using Software Defined Radio Technology

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bilal Khan ◽  
Mubashir Rehman ◽  
Ali Mustafa ◽  
Raza Ali Shah ◽  
Xiaodong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Additive White Gaussian Noise ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
Innovative Solution

The unpredictable situation from the Coronavirus (COVID-19) globally and the severity of the third wave has resulted in the entire world being quarantined from one another again. Self-quarantine is the only existing solution to stop the spread of the virus when vaccination is under trials. Due to COVID-19, individuals may have difficulties in breathing and may experience cognitive impairment, which results in physical and psychological health issues. Healthcare professionals are doing their best to treat the patients at risk to their health. It is important to develop innovative solutions to provide non-contact and remote assistance to reduce the spread of the virus and to provide better care to patients. In addition, such assistance is important for elderly and those that are already sick in order to provide timely medical assistance and to reduce false alarm/visits to the hospitals. This research aims to provide an innovative solution by remotely monitoring vital signs such as breathing and other connected health during the quarantine. We develop an innovative solution for connected health using software-defined radio (SDR) technology and artificial intelligence (AI). The channel frequency response (CFR) is used to extract the fine-grained wireless channel state information (WCSI) by using the multi-carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique. The design was validated by simulated channels by analyzing CFR for ideal, additive white gaussian noise (AWGN), fading, and dispersive channels. Finally, various breathing experiments are conducted and the results are illustrated as having classification accuracy of 99.3% for four different breathing patterns using machine learning algorithms. This platform allows medical professionals and caretakers to remotely monitor individuals in a non-contact manner. The developed platform is suitable for both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 scenarios.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the intensity and qualitative dimensions of exertional dyspnea in physically active young adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Cory ◽  
Michele R. Schaeffer ◽  
Sabrina S. Wilkie ◽  
Andrew H. Ramsook ◽  
Joseph H. Puyat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Peak Exercise ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Work Effort ◽  
Exertional Dyspnea ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Shallow Breathing ◽  
Active Adults

Understanding sex differences in the qualitative dimensions of exertional dyspnea may provide insight into why women are more affected by this symptom than men. This study explored the evolution of the qualitative dimensions of dyspnea in 70 healthy, young, physically active adults (35 M and 35 F). Participants rated the intensity of their breathing discomfort (Borg 0-10 scale) and selected phrases that best described their breathing from a standardized list (work/effort, unsatisfied inspiration, and unsatisfied expiration) throughout each stage of a symptom-limited incremental-cycle exercise test. Following exercise, participants selected phrases that described their breathing at maximal exercise from a list of 15 standardized phrases. Intensity of breathing discomfort was significantly higher in women for a given ventilation, but differences disappeared when ventilation was expressed as a percentage of maximum voluntary ventilation. The dominant qualitative descriptor in both sexes throughout exercise was increased work/effort of breathing. At peak exercise, women were significantly more likely to select the following phrases: “my breathing feels shallow,” “I cannot get enough air in,” “I cannot take a deep breath in,” and “my breath does not go in all the way.” Women adopted a more rapid and shallow breathing pattern and had significantly higher end-inspiratory lung volumes relative to total lung capacity throughout exercise relative to men. These findings suggest that men and women do not differ in their perceived quality of dyspnea during submaximal exercise, but subjective differences appear at maximal exercise and may be related, at least in part, to underlying sex differences in breathing patterns and operating lung volumes during exercise.

scholarly journals Detection of pathological mechano-acoustic signatures using precision accelerometer contact microphones in patients with pulmonary disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav Gupta ◽  
Haoran Wen ◽  
Lorenzo Di Francesco ◽  
Farrokh Ayazi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Acute Decompensated Heart Failure ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lung Sounds ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Sensor Module

AbstractMonitoring pathological mechano-acoustic signals emanating from the lungs is critical for timely and cost-effective healthcare delivery. Adventitious lung sounds including crackles, wheezes, rhonchi, bronchial breath sounds, stridor or pleural rub and abnormal breathing patterns function as essential clinical biomarkers for the early identification, accurate diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary disorders. Here, we present a wearable sensor module comprising of a hermetically encapsulated, high precision accelerometer contact microphone (ACM) which enables both episodic and longitudinal assessment of lung sounds, breathing patterns and respiratory rates using a single integrated sensor. This enhanced ACM sensor leverages a nano-gap transduction mechanism to achieve high sensitivity to weak high frequency vibrations occurring on the surface of the skin due to underlying lung pathologies. The performance of the ACM sensor was compared to recordings from a state-of-art digital stethoscope, and the efficacy of the developed system is demonstrated by conducting an exploratory research study aimed at recording pathological mechano-acoustic signals from hospitalized patients with a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation, pneumonia, and acute decompensated heart failure. This unobtrusive wearable system can enable both episodic and longitudinal evaluation of lung sounds that allow for the early detection and/or ongoing monitoring of pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals Mining Knowledge of Respiratory Rate Quantification and Abnormal Pattern Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Szczuko ◽  
Adam Kurowski ◽  
Piotr Odya ◽  
Andrzej Czyżewski ◽  
Bożena Kostek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Analysis ◽  
Granular Computing ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Normal Breathing ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Male Sex

AbstractThe described application of granular computing is motivated because cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major killer globally. There is increasing evidence that abnormal respiratory patterns might contribute to the development and progression of CVD. Consequently, a method that would support a physician in respiratory pattern evaluation should be developed. Group decision-making, tri-way reasoning, and rough set–based analysis were applied to granular computing. Signal attributes and anthropomorphic parameters were explored to develop prediction models to determine the percentage contribution of periodic-like, intermediate, and normal breathing patterns in the analyzed signals. The proposed methodology was validated employing k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) and UMAP (uniform manifold approximation and projection). The presented approach applied to respiratory pattern evaluation shows that median accuracies in a considerable number of cases exceeded 0.75. Overall, parameters related to signal analysis are indicated as more important than anthropomorphic features. It was also found that obesity characterized by a high WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) and male sex were predisposing factors for the occurrence of periodic-like or intermediate patterns of respiration. It may be among the essential findings derived from this study. Based on classification measures, it may be observed that a physician may use such a methodology as a respiratory pattern evaluation-aided method.

Sleep Stage Related Nocturnal Breathing Patterns in Adult Asthmatics

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (s11) ◽  
pp. 46P-46P
Author(s):  
G B Rhind ◽  
I C Stewart ◽  
Parker Parker ◽  
McFie Mcfie ◽  
D C Flenley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Breathing Patterns

scholarly journals Breathing: A Sign of Life and a Unique Area for Reflection and Action

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 832-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Ekerholt ◽  
Astrid Bergland
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The World ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Conscious Attention

Background and Purpose The aim of this study was to clarify patients’ experiences of breathing during therapeutic processes in Norwegian psychomotor physical therapy (NPMP). Subjects and Methods A qualitative approach was used based on interviews with 9 women and 1 man aged between 41 and 65 years. The data were analyzed with the aid of grounded theory. Results Three categories were identified from the participants’ experiences: (1) “Breathing: An Incomprehensible and Disparate Phenomenon,” (2) “Breathing: Access to Meaning and Understanding,” and (3) “Breathing: Enhancing Feelings of Mastery.” Initially, breathing difficulties and bodily pains were described as physical reactions that seemed utterly incomprehensible to the participants. Communication, both verbal and nonverbal, between the patient and the physical therapist was described as vitally important, as was conscious attention to occurrences during the treatment sessions. The participants learned to recognize changes in their breathing patterns, and they became familiar with new bodily sensations. Consequently, they acquired new understanding of these sensations. The feeling and understanding of being an entity (ie, “body and soul”) emerged during therapy. The participants increased their understanding of the interaction between breathing and internal and external influences on their well-being. Their feelings of mastery over their daily lives were enhanced. The therapeutic dialogues gave them the chance to explore, reflect, and become empowered. Discussion and Conclusion In experiencing their own breathing, the participants were able to access and identify the muscular and emotional patterns that, linked to particular thoughts and beliefs, had become their characteristic styles of relating to themselves and the world.

Breathlessness and respiratory mechanics during reflex or voluntary hyperventilation in patients with chronic airflow limitation

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Freedman ◽  
R. Lane ◽  
A. Guz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Breathing Patterns ◽  
Voluntary Hyperventilation ◽  
Mechanics Of Breathing ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Mechanical Variable

1. Six patients with chronic airflow limitation rebreathed CO2. Subsequently they voluntarily copied their stimulated breathing pattern while normocapnia was maintained. On a separate occasion four of these patients performed progressively increasing exercise and later copied these breathing patterns. 2. During all experiments flow, ventilation and pleural pressures were recorded. In addition, breathlessness was measured on a visual analogue scale every 30 s. 3. In these patients voluntary copying of either form of stimulated breathing resulted in diminished breathlessness and in some cases in complete abolition of the sensation, despite similar levels and patterns of ventilation in the two situations. 4. No systematic or consistent differences in the mechanics of breathing between stimulated and voluntarily copied breathing were found. 5. There was no correlation found between breathlessness score and any mechanical variable measured. 6. These results show that despite similarity in mechanics between stimulated and voluntary hyperventilation, the sensation of breathlessness is much diminished during the latter in these patients. This suggests that the sensation of breathlessness is more dependent upon the awareness of central processing than upon input from peripheral mechanoreceptors.

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