Astaxanthin accumulation in the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: Effect of initial phosphate concentration and stepwise/continuous light stress

Haematococcus pluvialis, a unicellular green microalga that produces a secondary metabolite under stress conditions, bears one of the most potent antioxidants, namely xanthophyll astaxanthin. The aim of our study was to determine the content of astaxanthin and its esterified forms using three different solvents—methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), hexane isopropanol (HEX -IPA) and acetone (ACE)—and to identify them by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and the quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD and LC-QTOF-MS) technique. We identified eleven astaxanthin monoesters, which accounted for 78.8% of the total astaxanthin pool, six astaxanthin diesters (20.5% of total), while free astaxanthin represented the smallest fraction (0.7%). Astaxanthin monoesters (C16:2, C16:1, C16:0), which were the major bioactive compounds in the H. pluvialis samples studied, ranged from 10.2 to 11.8 mg g−1 DW. Astaxanthin diesters (C18:4/C18:3, C18:1/C18:3) were detected in the range between 2.3 and 2.6 mg g−1 DW. All three solvents were found to be effective for extraction, but MTBE and hexane-isopropanol extracted the greatest amount of free bioactive astaxanthin. Furthermore, MTBE extracted more low-chain astaxanthin monoesters (C16), and hexane-isopropanol extracted more long-chain monoesters (C18 and above) and more diesters. We can conclude that MTBE is the solvent of choice for the extraction of monoesters and hexane-isopropanol for diesters.

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Effect of nitrate concentration on growth of green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis under laboratory conditions

TAP CHI SINH HOC ◽

10.15625/0866-7160/v35n2.3108 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Le Thi Thom ◽

Luu Thi Tam ◽

Dinh Ngoc Mai ◽

Hoang Thi Lan Anh ◽

Ngo Thi Hoai Thu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Green Microalga

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Stabilizing black-phase formamidinium perovskite formation at room temperature and high humidity

Science ◽

10.1126/science.abf7652 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 371 (6536) ◽

pp. 1359-1364

Author(s):

Wei Hui ◽

Lingfeng Chao ◽

Hui Lu ◽

Fei Xia ◽

Qi Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Power Conversion ◽

Light Stress ◽

Continuous Light ◽

Nanometer Scale ◽

High Humidity ◽

Lead Iodide ◽

Vertically Aligned ◽

Grown Structure

The stabilization of black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskite under various environmental conditions is considered necessary for solar cells. However, challenges remain regarding the temperature sensitivity of α-FAPbI3 and the requirements for strict humidity control in its processing. Here we report the synthesis of stable α-FAPbI3, regardless of humidity and temperature, based on a vertically aligned lead iodide thin film grown from an ionic liquid, methylamine formate. The vertically grown structure has numerous nanometer-scale ion channels that facilitate the permeation of formamidinium iodide into the lead iodide thin films for fast and robust transformation to α-FAPbI3. A solar cell with a power-conversion efficiency of 24.1% was achieved. The unencapsulated cells retain 80 and 90% of their initial efficiencies for 500 hours at 85°C and continuous light stress, respectively.

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Effects of selenite on green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis : Bioaccumulation of selenium and enhancement of astaxanthin production

Aquatic Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.12.008 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 183 ◽

pp. 21-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yihong Zheng ◽

Ze Li ◽

Ming Tao ◽

Jiancheng Li ◽

Zhangli Hu

Keyword(s):

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Green Microalga ◽

Astaxanthin Production

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Plastid terminal oxidases in Chlamydomonas: connections with astaxanthin and bio-hydrogen production

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21273/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hui Li ◽

Chao Zheng ◽

Ming Xiao ◽

Qin Huan ◽

Jun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Production ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Light Stress ◽

Light Condition ◽

Protective Role ◽

High Light ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

High Light Condition ◽

Green Microalga ◽

Plastid Terminal Oxidase

Abstract Background: as a plasto quinol oxidase involved in plastoquinol oxidation in higher plants and microalgae, the plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) was first recognized in the tomato mutant GHOST (GH) and Arabidopsis mutant IMMUTANS (IM). Genome sequence analysis revealed that duplication of the PTOX gene occurs in certain eukaryotic microalgae, but not in cyanobacteria and most higher plants. PTOX may also be involved in carotenoid synthesis and play a critical protective role against stress, such as high light, heat shock and hyperosmosis. However, the connections of PTOX with astaxanthin and bio-hydrogen production and their functional relationship between two PTOX genes in the model green microalga Chlamydomonas is unknown. Results: we successfully knocked down two ptoxs through RNAi in Chlamydomonas, respectively. We demonstrated that expression levels of both PTOXs were increased under stress conditions, and interestingly when one PTOX was silenced the other’s transcriptional level was significantly raised. Conclusions: this shows a complementary relationship under high light condition. In addition, the astaxanthin accumulation level was up-regulated in silenced ptox2 strain, compared to the wide type strain. What’s more, significantly increased hydrogen production was observed in silenced ptox1 strain. In conclusion, PTOXs in Chlamydomonas are connected with not only astaxanthin accumulation but also hydrogen production, and their knock-down strains provide new insights in manipulating microalgae for high light stress tolerant strains, carotenoid production and even biofuels.

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Effects of gluconate on biomass improvement and light stress tolerance of Haematococcus pluvialis in mixotrophic culture

Algal Research ◽

10.1016/j.algal.2019.101647 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 101647 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Na Pang ◽

Xiangyu Gu ◽

Xiao Fu ◽

Shulin Chen

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Light Stress ◽

Mixotrophic Culture

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Primary metabolism is associated with the astaxanthin biosynthesis in the green algae Haematococcus pluvialis under light stress

Algal Research ◽

10.1016/j.algal.2019.101768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 101768 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chaoyang Hu ◽

Dandan Cui ◽

Xue Sun ◽

Jianxin Shi ◽

Nianjun Xu

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Light Stress ◽

Primary Metabolism

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Astaxanthin-Producing Green Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis: From Single Cell to High Value Commercial Products

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2016.00531 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 191

Author(s):

Md. Mahfuzur R. Shah ◽

Yuanmei Liang ◽

Jay J. Cheng ◽

Maurycy Daroch

Keyword(s):

Single Cell ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Commercial Products ◽

Green Microalga

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Electric Stimulation of Astaxanthin Biosynthesis in Haematococcus pluvialis

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3348

Author(s):

Hana Nur Fitriana ◽

Soo Youn Lee ◽

Sun-A Choi ◽

Jiye Lee ◽

Bolam Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Stimulation ◽

Defense Mechanism ◽

Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽

Bioelectrochemical System ◽

Voltage Range ◽

Electric Treatment ◽

Green Microalga ◽

Astaxanthin Production ◽

Astaxanthin Content ◽

Reduction Current

The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant pigment, as a defense mechanism against environmental stresses. In this study, we investigated the technical feasibility of a stress-based method for inducing astaxanthin biosynthesis in H. pluvialis using electric stimulation in a two-chamber bioelectrochemical system. When a cathodic (reduction) current of 3 mA (voltage: 2 V) was applied to H. pluvialis cells for two days, considerable lysis and breakage of algal cells were observed, possibly owing to the formation of excess reactive oxygen species at the cathode. Conversely, in the absence of cell breakage, the application of anodic (oxidation) current effectively stimulated astaxanthin biosynthesis at a voltage range of 2–6 V, whereas the same could not be induced in the untreated control. At an optimal voltage of 4 V (anodic current: 30 mA), the astaxanthin content in the cells electro-treated for 2 h was 36.9% higher than that in untreated cells. Our findings suggest that electric treatment can be used to improve astaxanthin production in H. pluvialis culture if bioelectrochemical parameters, such as electric strength and duration, are regulated properly.

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