Effects of rainfall intensity, underlying surface and slope gradient on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall experiments

CATENA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Huang ◽  
Pute Wu ◽  
Xining Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Underlying Surface ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Soil Infiltration

Soil Erosion Process in Sloped Shrub Plots under Simulated Rainfall

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2094-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Qing Xiao ◽  
Wen Yi Yao ◽  
Chang Gao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Runoff And Sediment Yield

Runoff, sediment yield and infiltration process of shrub plots were studied under rainfall intensities of 45, 87 and 127 mm/h with 20° slope gradient using simulated rainfall experiment. The results showed that cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield of shrub plot had an obvious positive correlation with rainfall time. Under rainfall intensity of 45 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot kept a constant level. Under rainfall intensity of 87 mm/h, runoff kept a fluctuant increase, whereas sediment yield basically kept steady. Under rainfall intensity of 127 mm/h, runoff and sediment yield of shrub plot increased evidently due to the formation of erosion pits. Infiltration rate of shrub plot had a negative relation with runoff as well as sediment yield.

scholarly journals Soil infiltration based on bp neural network and grey relational analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Juan ◽  
Wu Pute ◽  
Zhao Xining
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Antecedent Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Grey Relational

Soil infiltration is a key link of the natural water cycle process. Studies on soil permeability are conducive for water resources assessment and estimation, runoff regulation and management, soil erosion modeling, nonpoint and point source pollution of farmland, among other aspects. The unequal influence of rainfall duration, rainfall intensity, antecedent soil moisture, vegetation cover, vegetation type, and slope gradient on soil cumulative infiltration was studied under simulated rainfall and different underlying surfaces. We established a six factor-model of soil cumulative infiltration by the improved back propagation (BP)-based artificial neural network algorithm with a momentum term and self-adjusting learning rate. Compared to the multiple nonlinear regression method, the stability and accuracy of the improved BP algorithm was better. Based on the improved BP model, the sensitive index of these six factors on soil cumulative infiltration was investigated. Secondly, the grey relational analysis method was used to individually study grey correlations among these six factors and soil cumulative infiltration. The results of the two methods were very similar. Rainfall duration was the most influential factor, followed by vegetation cover, vegetation type, rainfall intensity and antecedent soil moisture. The effect of slope gradient on soil cumulative infiltration was not significant.

Simulation of Runoff for Varying Mulch Coverage on a Sloped Surface

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Fang Cui ◽  
Ying Hua Pan ◽  
Quan Yuan Wu ◽  
Zhen Hua Zhang ◽  
Bao Xiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Runoff Volume

The use of thin plastic film to cover slope surfaces can lead to slope runoff and soil erosion in Loess hilly areas in northwest China. Three main factors (slope, rainfall intensity, and coverage ratio) were selected to analyze variations in runoff dynamics for a Lou soil surface and to obtain a theoretical foundation for practical application. The results indicate that for a fixed rainfall intensity and coverage ratio, a critical slope gradient close to 26.8% was observed. For a fixed coverage ratio and slope gradient, the cumulative runoff volume increased with the rainfall intensity. Overland flow varied with the coverage ratio and this can be attributed to increases in the cumulative runoff volume and runoff velocity with increasing coverage ratio. The experimental results show that for double-ridge cultivation with film mulching, the best coverage ratio is 50:150. This ratio not only reduces moisture evaporation and promotes soil conservation, but also effectively improves rainwater utilization and reduces soil erosion. In addition, for slope gradients exceeding 26.8%, runoff decreases and the soil infiltration capacity increases, so a slope gradient of 26.836.4% is optimal for the local cultivation model.

Characteristics of Non-Point Source N Export via Surface Runoff from Sloping Croplands in Northeast China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2302-2307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xiang Wang ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Cai Yan Lu ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Total N

A field experiment was conducted to study the characteristics of non-point source nitrogen (N) in the surface runoff from sloping croplands and the influences of rainfall and cropland slope gradient. The results showed that dissolved total N (DTN) was the major form of N in the runoff, and the proportion occupied by dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) ranged from 45% to 85%. The level of NH4+-N was generally higher than the level of NO3--N, and averaged at 2.50 mg·L-1and 1.07 mg·L-1respectively. DIN was positively correlated with DTN (R2=0.962). Dissolved organic N (DON) presented a moderate seasonal change and averaged at 1.40 mg·L-1. Rainfall amount and rainfall intensity significantly affected the components of DTN in the runoff. With the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall intensity, the concentrations of DTN, NH4+-N and NO3--N presented a decreased trend, while the concentration of DON showed an increased trend. N loss went up with an increase in the gradient of sloping cropland, and was less when the duration was longer from the time of N fertilization.fertilization.

Effects of slope gradient on hydro-erosional processes on an aeolian sand-covered loess slope under simulated rainfall

2017 ◽  
Vol 553 ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Zhang ◽  
M.Y. Yang ◽  
B.B. Li ◽  
Z.B. Li ◽  
W.Y. Shi
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Aeolian Sand ◽  
Loess Slope

Rainfall runoff in soil erosion with simulated rainfall, overland flow and cover

Soil Research ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Singer ◽  
PH Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Soil Transport ◽  
Raindrop Impact

The 20-100 mm portion of a yellow podzolic soil (Albaqualf) from the Ginninderra Experiment Station (A.C.T.) was used in a rainfall simulator and flume facility to elucidate the interactions between raindrop impact, overland water flow and straw cover as they affect soil erosion. A replicated factorial design compared soil loss in splash and runoff from 50 and 100 mm h-1 rainfall, the equivalent of 100 mm h-1 overland flow, and 50 and 100 mm h-1 rainfall plus the equivalent of 100 mm h-' overland flow, all at 0, 40 and 80% straw cover on a 9% slope. As rainfall intensity increased, soil loss in splash and runoff increased. Within cover levels, the effect of added overland flow was to decrease splash but to increase total soil loss. This is due to an interaction between raindrops and runoff which produces a powerful detaching and transporting mechanism within the flow known as rain-flow transportation. Airsplash is reduced, in part, because of the changes in splash characteristics which accompany changes in depths of runoff water. Rain-flow transportation accounted for at least 64% of soil transport in the experiment and airsplash accounted for no more than 25% of soil transport The effects of rainfall, overland flow and cover treatments, rather than being additive, were found to correlate with a natural log transform of the soil loss data.

Effects of slope and rainfall intensity on runoff and soil erosion from furrow diking under simulated rainfall

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Liu ◽  
Yan Xin ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
Wenting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Simulated Rainfall

scholarly journals Landslides after wildfire: initiation, magnitude, and mobility

Landslides ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2631-2641
Author(s):  
Francis K. Rengers ◽  
Luke A. McGuire ◽  
Nina S. Oakley ◽  
Jason W. Kean ◽  
Dennis M. Staley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flows ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mass Wasting ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Southwestern Usa

Abstract In the semiarid Southwestern USA, wildfires are commonly followed by runoff-generated debris flows because wildfires remove vegetation and ground cover, which reduces soil infiltration capacity and increases soil erodibility. At a study site in Southern California, we initially observed runoff-generated debris flows in the first year following fire. However, at the same site three years after the fire, the mass-wasting response to a long-duration rainstorm with high rainfall intensity peaks was shallow landsliding rather than runoff-generated debris flows. Moreover, the same storm caused landslides on unburned hillslopes as well as on slopes burned 5 years prior to the storm and areas burned by successive wildfires, 10 years and 3 years before the rainstorm. The landslide density was the highest on the hillslopes that had burned 3 years beforehand, and the hillslopes burned 5 years prior to the storm had low landslide densities, similar to unburned areas. We also found that reburning (i.e., two wildfires within the past 10 years) had little influence on landslide density. Our results indicate that landscape susceptibility to shallow landslides might return to that of unburned conditions after as little as 5 years of vegetation recovery. Moreover, most of the landslide activity was on steep, equatorial-facing slopes that receive higher solar radiation and had slower rates of vegetation regrowth, which further implicates vegetation as a controlling factor on post-fire landslide susceptibility. Finally, the total volume of sediment mobilized by the year 3 landslides was much smaller than the year 1 runoff-generated debris flows, and the landslides were orders of magnitude less mobile than the runoff-generated debris flows.

scholarly journals Hydraulic characteristics of varying slope gradients, rainfall intensities and litter cover on vegetated slopes

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 506-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiamei Sun ◽  
Dengxing Fan ◽  
Xinxiao Yu ◽  
Hanzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
Yield Rate ◽  
Litter Cover

Abstract Litter produced by forests performs crucial functions in rainfall interception and soil conservation, particularly in the condition that larger raindrops formed by canopy accelerate soil erosion. To explore how forest litter exerts runoff hydrological characteristics and sediment yield processes, experiments on forest covered (Vitexnegundo var. heterophylla) slopes were conducted under various combinations of rainfall intensities and slope gradients. The results showed that litter reduced runoff yield rate by 9–31% and reduced sediment yield rate by 65–90%, with mean runoff and sediment reductions of 18% and 76% for all treatments. On forest covered slopes, Reynolds number and runoff power generally increased with the increase in both rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Litter layer reduced Reynolds number and runoff power with 8–29% and 56–80%, respectively. Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient decreased by increasing rainfall intensity and slope gradient. Litter layer increased Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient by three to nine times. Relationships between sediment yield rate and Reynolds number, runoff power, Darcy–Weisbach resistance coefficient were described by exponential, linear, power functions, respectively. The critical runoff power values for slopes with and without litter were 0.0027 and 0.0010 m/s, respectively. Reynolds number was the best hydrodynamic parameter for dynamic erosion characterizing.

Washoff of Dicamba and 3,6-Dichlorosalicylic Acid from Turfgrass Foliage

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Carroll ◽  
Robert L. Hill ◽  
Emy Pfeil ◽  
Albert E. Herner
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Field Plots

The functional relationships between rainfall intensities and amounts, and the washoff of dicamba and 3,6-DCSA from turfgrass foliage were determined. Dicamba was applied to Kentucky bluegrass field plots and the turfgrass was subjected to 2 to 58 mm of simulated rainfall 18 to 48 h later. Rainfall was applied at an average intensity of 20.6 or 39.9 mm h−1. The 39.9 mm h−1intensity reduced dicamba washoff by 10% for a given amount of rainfall. Washoff of 3,6-DCSA was independent of rainfall intensity. When averaged over intensities, washoff of dicamba was best described by the equation y = 1 − 0.341x0.187, and 3,6-DCSA washoff by the equation y = exp(-0.210x), where x represents millimeters of rainfall and y, the proportion of compound remaining on the foliage after rainfall.

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