Urine sediment examination: A comparison of automated urinalysis systems and manual microscopy

AbstractObjectivesIn this study, the possibilities of Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for analysis of urine sediments and for detection of bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs) were investigated.MethodsDried urine specimens of control subjects and patients presenting with various nephrological and urological conditions were analysed using mid-infrared spectroscopy (4,000–400 cm−1). Urine samples from patients with a UTI were inoculated on a blood agar plate. After drying of the pure bacterial colonies, FTIR was applied and compared with the results obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Chemometric data analysis was used to classify the different species.ResultsDue to the typical molecular assignments of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and carbohydrates, FTIR was able to identify bacteria and showed promising results in the detection of proteins, lipids, white and red blood cells, as well as in the identification of crystals. Principal component analysis (PCA) allowed to differentiate between Gram-negative and Gram-positive species and soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) revealed promising classification ratios between the different pathogens.ConclusionsFTIR can be considered as a supplementary method for urine sediment examination and for detection of pathogenic bacteria in UTI.

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Clinical graft evolution of lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, and antigen expression in tubular renal cells in the urine sediment of 20 renal allograft recipients

Transplantation Proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.09.093 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 2500-2505 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J Péfaur ◽

R Triviño ◽

C Navarrete ◽

E Oberhauser ◽

M Melys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Allograft ◽

Antigen Expression ◽

Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽

Renal Cells ◽

Urine Sediment

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Cytomegalovirus in urinary sediment in patients with acute kidney injury

BMC Nephrology ◽

10.1186/s12882-021-02377-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sahra Pajenda ◽

Sebastian Kapps ◽

Daniela Gerges ◽

Gregor Hoermann ◽

Ludwig Wagner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Renal Allograft ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Rna Extraction ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Solid Organ ◽

Renal Transplant Recipients ◽

Transplant Recipients ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Urinary Sediment

Abstract Background Immunosuppression in solid organ transplantation is associated with frequent infections. Renal allograft recipients are susceptible to opportunistic infections and can acquire human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections even within the allograft. There, HCMV can be found in both the glomerulus and tubular cells, but is mostly restricted to specific and circumscribed sites. Therefore, not all organ infections are identifiable by immunohistology for HCMV proteins in fine needle core biopsies. Thus, we performed a urinalysis study to search for HCMV-specific RNA transcripts in the urine sediment of patients with acute kidney injury. Methods Urinary sediment of 90 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), including 48 renal transplant recipients (RTX) and 42 non-transplant recipients (nRTX), was collected from morning urine for RNA extraction and reverse transcription. The copy number of HCMV transcripts was evaluated using a UL132 HCMV-specific probe set and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results Of the 48 RTX patients, ten showed HCMV copies in their urine sediment cells. Within this group, three recipients had negative HCMV serology and received an allograft from an HCMV-seropositive donor. In addition, all three RTX patients on a belatacept-based immunosuppressive regimen had HCMV transcripts in their urine. Of the 42 nRTX patients, only two had detectable HCMV transcripts in urine sediment cells and both were under immunosuppression. Conclusions Ten immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients and two immunosuppressed non-transplant patients with AKI showed HCMV copies in urine sediment. Thus, HCMV positivity in urinary sediment appears to be associated with immunosuppression. This study describes a novel noninvasive method for detection of HCMV in urinary sediment. Whether all HCMV infections can be detected or only those with viral replication warrants further investigation.

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Fluorescent Microsatellite Analysis of Urine Sediment in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma

Urologia Internationalis ◽

10.1159/000317455 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 296-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jian-Fang Liang ◽

Hui-Xia Zheng ◽

Ning Li ◽

Yan Yin ◽

Cai-Xia Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Microsatellite Analysis ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Analysis Of Urine

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Febrile Infants at Low Risk for Serious Bacterial Infection—An Appraisal of the Rochester Criteria and Implications for Management

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.3.390 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 390-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julie A. Jaskiewicz ◽

Carol A. McCarthy ◽

Amy C. Richardson ◽

Kathleen C. White ◽

Donna J. Fisher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

High Power ◽

Microscopic Examination ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Low Risk ◽

High Power Field ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Risk Criteria

Objective. Prospective studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that infants unlikely to have serious bacterial infections (SBI) can be accurately identified by low risk criteria. Methods. Febrile infants (rectal T ≥ 38°C) ≤60 days of age were considered at low risk for SBI if they met the following criteria: 1) appear well; 2) were previously healthy; 3) have no focal infection; 4) have WBC count 5.0-15.0 x 109 cells/L (5000-15 000/mm3), band form count≤ 1.5 x 109 cells/L (≤1500/mm3), ≤10 WBC per high power field on microscopic examination of spun urine sediment, and ≤5 WBC per high power field on microscopic examination of a stool smear (if diarrhea). The recommended evaluation included the culture of specimens of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine for bacteria. Outcomes were determined. The negative predictive values of the low risk criteria for SBI and bacteremia were calculated. Results. Of 1057 eligible infants, 931 were well appearing, and, of these, 437 met the remaining low risk criteria. Five low risk infants had SBI including two infants with bacteremia. The negative predictive value of the low risk criteria was 98.9% (95% confidence interval, 97.2% to 99.6%) for SBI, and 99.5% (95% confidence interval, 98.2% to 99.9%) for bacteremia. Conclusions. These data confirm the ability of the low risk criteria to identify infants unlikely to have SBI. Infants who meet the low risk criteria can be carefully observed without administering antimicrobial agents.

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A New Screening Approach For Fast And Accurate Prediction Of Positive And Negative Urine Cultures By SediMAX Compared With The Standard Urine Culture

Technium BioChemMed ◽

10.47577/biochemmed.v1i1.2451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 46-55

Author(s):

Massimo Pieri ◽

Flaminia Tomassetti ◽

Paola Cerini ◽

Roberta Felicetti ◽

Lucia Ceccaroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Screening Method ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Urine Sediment ◽

Tract Infections

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the most frequent bacterial infections, and the detection of infection in urine samples is expensive and time-consuming. Also, in laboratories a significant proportion of samples processed yield negative results. For this, screening methods represent an important improvement towards the final UTI diagnosis. SediMAX is an automated microscopy, easier to use in laboratories due to its basic procedure and it is widely used for urine sediment analysis. In our study, we evaluated the performance of SediMAX, applying some screening parameters, compared with the gold standard methods, urine culture, to identify all the positive cases for UTI. We analysed 1185 urine samples from our daily laboratory routine. The basis of our screening model was to establish a cut-off for bacterial count (BACT), as 300 bacteria/µL in order to avoid missing positive cases. However, the sensitivity and the specificity achieved were not enough to identify all UTI infection in urine samples. So, in addition to BACT we have considered other parameters, such as White Blood Cell (WBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Yeasts (YEST), Age and Nitrates (NIT). The second screening method reached a sensitivity of 100%, that could be reliably employed in detect of UTIs.

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