Coagulation of residue oil and suspended solid in palm oil mill effluent by chitosan, alum and PAC

The aim of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of the fibrous media for removal of total suspended solid and oil grease from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Wet lay-up method was adopted for filter fabrication where empty fruit bunches (EFB) were matted together with chitosan in non-woven manner. Chitosan-filled filter media were tested for their ability to reduce Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Oil & Grease (O&G) from palm oil mill effluent. Filtration process results indicated that chitosan-filled filter media filtration only removed up to 28.14% of TSS and 29.86% of O&G.

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Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent by Electrocoagulation Process

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.363 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 610-613 ◽

pp. 363-367

Author(s):

Tipakorn Suwannarat ◽

Nipon Pisutpaisal ◽

Siriorn Boonyawanich

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Contact Time ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Steel Plates ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Electrocoagulation Process ◽

Palm Oil Mill

The purpose of current study was to examine the ability of electrocoagulation in decreasing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solid (TSS) constituted in palm oil mill effluent. Bench-scale batch reactor containing two aluminum or steel plates (10 cm width × 30 cm height with 0.1 cm thickness) serving as electrodes with the interval distance of 3 cm was set up. The wastewater with COD concentration of 68,425 mg L-1 was treated in the reactor under the varied direct currents (0.3-1.3 A) and contact time (30-120 min). Sodium chloride was added to the wastewater to obtain the final concentration of 2 g L-1 (conductivity of 10 ms) prior to being fed into the reactor. The results showed that higher treatment efficiency when the aluminum was used as electrodes compared to the steel. COD removal efficiency was directly proportional to the contact time. The maximum COD and TSS removal observed at 1.3 A current input and 60 min contact time are 74.1 and 77.0%, respectively.

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Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment Using Electrocoagulation-Adsorption Hybrid Process

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.997.139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 997 ◽

pp. 139-149

Author(s):

Yong Yin Sia ◽

Ivy Ai Wei Tan ◽

Mohammad Omar Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Alternative Treatment ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Hybrid Process ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Palm oil processing is a multi-stage operation which generates large amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Due to its potential to cause environmental pollution, POME must be treated prior to discharge. Electrocoagulation (EC), adsorption (AD), combined EC and AD, and EC integrated with AD have demonstrated great potential to remove various organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater. Up to date, no study has been found on POME treatment using EC-AD hybrid process. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the feasibility of applying EC-AD hybrid process as an alternative treatment for POME. The EC-AD hybrid process achieved higher removal of total suspended solid (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour as compared to EC and AD stand-alone processes. The EC-AD hybrid process reduced 79% of TSS, 44% of COD and 89% of colour from POME. The adsorption kinetics of TSS, COD and colour were best interpreted using pseudo-second-order model, which indicated that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by chemisorption. Overall, the EC-AD hybrid process could be recommended as an alternative treatment for POME.

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Suspended Solid Removal of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Using Horizontal Roughing Filter and Calcinated Limestone

Water Air & Soil Pollution ◽

10.1007/s11270-020-04755-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 231 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Arezoo Fereidonian Dashti ◽

Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽

Ali Huddin Ibrahim ◽

Mohammad Ali Zahed

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Palm Oil Mill

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Batch Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.62-64.759 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62-64 ◽

pp. 759-762

Author(s):

F.A. Aisien ◽

A.A. Ojarikre ◽

E.T. Aisien

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Chloride Ion ◽

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Significant Treatment ◽

Physiochemical Parameters ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Batch Treatment

Batch treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) was investigated using physical, chemical and biological methods. Physiochemical parameters such as pH, sulphate (SO42-), total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solid (TSS), chloride ion (Cl-), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen (COD) and metals (Fe2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) concentrations were determined using American Public Health Association (APHA) methods. The results revealed that significant treatment was achieved at each stage. However, the biological method proved to be the best with percentage reductions of 45.6%, 97.6%, 71,0%, 50.1%, 80.4%, 93.8%, 72.0%, 85.4%, 93.2%, 77.7%, 86.2% and 85.7% for pH, SO42-, TS, TDS, TSS, Cl-, BOD, COD, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ respectively. The concentrations after treatment were in conformity with the minimum acceptable standard of FEPA and WHO.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN TRACE METAL FE TERHADAP PENYISIHAN KANDUNGAN PADATAN LIMBAH CAIR KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN REAKTOR HYBRID UPFLOW ANAEROBIC SLUDGE BLANKET

Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU ◽

10.32734/jtk.v3i1.1492 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Julika Sitinjak ◽

Janwarisman Purba ◽

Fatimah

Keyword(s):

Trace Metal ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Solid Content ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽

Organic Load ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Palm Oil Mill ◽

Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

Research about influence the addition of trace metal Fe against allowance for the solid content of palm oil mill effluent using Hybrid Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor aim to know the additionof trace metal Fe against allowance for the solid content of palm oil mill effluent using HUASB reactor based on removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) dan Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS). The reactor isa reactor with a combination of suspended growth reactor in the bottom and attached growth reactor at the top. The material used is palm oil mill effluent and inoculum derived from PKS Pagar Merbau. Test parameters to observed are COD, TSS and VSS. The optimum conditions obtained on the organic load is 17024 mg/l with the addition of Fe is 0.5 mg/l so that obtained COD reduction is 85.891%, TSS reduction is 86.047% and VSS reduction is 36.566%.

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TIO2-ENABLED POLYVYNYLIDENE FLUORIDE FOR PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT TREATMENT: EFFECTS OF MEMBRANE MORPHOLOGY AND AERATION ON FLUX AND SUSPENDED SOLID REMOVAL

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v84.16961 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 84 (1) ◽

pp. 107-115

Author(s):

Erna Yuliwaty ◽

Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽

Goh Pei Sean ◽

Sri Martini

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Membrane Fouling ◽

Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽

Membrane Surface ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Mixed Matrix Membrane ◽

Membrane Pore ◽

Palm Oil Mill

A polyvinylidene fluoride-based mixed matrix membrane (PVDF- MMM) has been developed to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME). The addition of TiO2 into PVDF membrane was conducted. Hollow fibers were spun from a dope solution containing PVDF/PVP 30K/DMAc/additives by using a dry-jet wet spinning process at different air gaps. AFM image demonstrated that wet spun hollow fiber had a rougher outer surface than that of dry-jet wet spun fibers and exhibited symmetric cross-section structure. Experimental results showed that hydrophilicity of membranes increased with adding of TiO2 particles and the varied air gap length influenced the characteristic of membrane pore size and outer membrane surface roughness. In addition, aeration could increase the turbulence and flux and reduce membrane fouling. The values of flux and suspended solids removal were 92.04 L/m2.hr and 94.86 %, respectively, with the varied aeration flow rate of 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 mL/min and bubble size distribution of 4.0 µm. Overall, this study has proven that PVDF-based MMM could achieve expected performance for POME treatment.

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Survivability of Alcaligenaceae and Chromatiaceae as palm oil mill effluent pollution bioindicators under fluctuations of temperature, pH and total suspended solid

Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering ◽

10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.04.014 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noor Shaidatul Lyana Mohamad-Zainal ◽

Norhayati Ramli ◽

Nurhasliza Zolkefli ◽

Nurul Asyifah Mustapha ◽

Mohd Ali Hassan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Total Suspended Solid ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Palm Oil Mill

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Reclamation from palm oil mill effluent using an integrated zero discharge membrane-based process

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology ◽

10.1515/pjct-2015-0068 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 49-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A.L. Ahmad ◽

I. Idris ◽

C.Y. Chan ◽

S. Ismail

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Water Recovery ◽

Zero Discharge ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Abstract This research emphasizes eloquently on membrane technology for treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) as it is the Malaysia’s largest and most important agro based industry. Findings established significant quality improvement with an efficient recovery of water from palm oil mill via innovative membrane application. Conventional bio-methods, whilst adhering to the Department of Environment’s (DOE) discharge regulations, produces brownish liquid which pales in comparison to the crystal clear water obtained through membrane treatment. The pre-treatment process consists of coagulation-flocculation using green environmental coagulant bases such as Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds. The ultrafiltration polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis were vital for the membrane processes. The system gave 99% suspended solids reduction in suspended solid and 78% of water present was successfully recovered. This technology guarantees water recovery with drinking water quality; meeting the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) standard or could be recycled into the plant with sludge utilization for palm oil estates, thus enabling the concept of zero discharge to be executed in the industries. In addition, green and healthy antioxidants such as oil and beta-carotene can be recovered from POME further demonstrate. Silica gel showed better performance in separation of carotenes from oil at temperature 40°C using adsorption chromatography with 1154.55 ppm. The attractiveness of this technology, enabling the utilization of reuse of agricultural waste into potentially value added products.

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Investigation on the performance of hybrid anaerobic membrane bioreactors for fouling control and biogas production in palm oil mill effluent treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2017.326 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 1389-1398 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Choon Aun Ng ◽

Ling Yong Wong ◽

Huey Yee Chai ◽

Mohammed J. K. Bashir ◽

Chii-Dong Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Membrane Bioreactors ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Mixed Liquor ◽

Fouling Control ◽

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactors ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Three different sizes of powdered activated carbon (PAC) were added in hybrid anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) and their performance was compared with a conventional AnMBR without PAC in treating palm oil mill effluent. Their working volume was 1 L each. From the result, AnMBRs with PAC performed better than the AnMBR without PAC. It was also found that adding a relatively smaller size of PAC (approximately 100 μm) enhanced the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency to 78.53 ± 0.66%, while the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid and mixed liquor volatile suspended solid were 8,050 and 6,850 mg/L, respectively. The smaller size of PAC could also enhance the biofloc formation and biogas production. In addition, the smaller particle sizes of PAC incorporated into polyethersulfone membrane resulted in higher performance of membrane fouling control and produced better quality of effluent as compared to the membrane without the addition of PAC.

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