Enterovirus 71 induces COX-2 expression via MAPKs, NF-κB, and AP-1 in SK–N–SH cells: Role of PGE2 in viral replication

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsuan Tung ◽  
Hsi-Lung Hsieh ◽  
Chuen-Mao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Cox 2

Enterovirus 71 induces integrin β1/EGFR-Rac1-dependent oxidative stress in SK-N-SH cells: Role of HO-1/CO in viral replication

2011 ◽  
Vol 226 (12) ◽  
pp. 3316-3329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Hsuan Tung ◽  
Hsi-Lung Hsieh ◽  
I-Ta Lee ◽  
Chuen-Mao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Integrin Β1

scholarly journals Identification of BPR3P0128 as an Inhibitor of Cap-Snatching Activities of Influenza Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 647-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T.-A. Hsu ◽  
Jiann-Yih Yeh ◽  
Ta-Jen Lin ◽  
Mei-ling Li ◽  
Ming-Sian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Polymerase Complex ◽  
Nuclear Extracts

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to identify the antiviral mechanism of a novel compound, BPR3P0128. From a large-scale screening of a library of small compounds, BPR3P compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of influenza viral replication in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. BPR3P0128 exhibited inhibitory activity against both influenza A and B viruses. The 50% inhibitory concentrations were in the range of 51 to 190 nM in MDCK cells, as measured by inhibition-of-cytopathic-effect assays. BPR3P0128 appeared to target the viral replication cycle but had no effect on viral adsorption. The inhibition of cap-dependent mRNA transcription by BPR3P0128 was more prominent with a concurrent increase in cap-independent cRNA replication in a primer extension assay, suggesting a role of BPR3P0128 in switching transcription to replication. This reduction in mRNA expression resulted from the BPR3P-mediated inhibition of the cap-dependent endoribonuclease (cap-snatching) activities of nuclear extracts containing the influenza virus polymerase complex. No inhibition of binding of 5′ viral RNA to the viral polymerase complex by this compound was detected. BPR3P0128 also effectively inhibited other RNA viruses, such as enterovirus 71 and human rhinovirus, but not DNA viruses, suggesting that BPR3P0128 targets a cellular factor(s) associated with viral PB2 cap-snatching activity. The identification of this factor(s) could help redefine the regulation of viral transcription and replication and thereby provide a potential target for antiviral chemotherapeutics.

In Vitro Evidence of the Role of COX-2 in Attenuating Gastric Inflammation and Promoting Gastric Carcinogenesis

2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Baik Hahm ◽  
Ho-Yeong Lim ◽  
Seonghyang Sohn ◽  
Hyuk-Jae Kwon ◽  
Ki-Myung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cox 2

The emerging role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in metabolic diseases and cancer: An introduction to novel multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana A. Alaaeddine ◽  
Perihan A. Elzahhar ◽  
Ibrahim AlZaim ◽  
Wassim Abou-Kheir ◽  
Ahmed S.F. Belal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Cox 2

: Emerging evidence supports an intertwining framework for the involvement of different inflammatory pathways in a common pathological background for a number of disorders. Of importance are pathways involving arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 15-lipoxygenase (15-LOX). Both enzyme activities and their products are implicated in a range of pathophysiological processes encompassing metabolic impairment leading to adipose inflammation and the subsequent vascular and neurological disorders, in addition to various pro-and anti-tumorigenic effects. A further layer of complexity is encountered by the disparate, and often reciprocal, modulatory effect COX-2 and 15-LOX activities and metabolites exert on each other or on other cellular targets, the most prominent of which is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Thus, effective therapeutic intervention with such multifaceted disorders requires the simultaneous modulation of more than one target. Here, we describe the role of COX-2, 15-LOX, and PPARγ in cancer and complications of metabolic disorders, highlight the value of designing multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) modifying their activity, and summarize the available literature regarding the rationale and feasibility of design and synthesis of these ligands together with their known biological effects. We speculate on the potential impact of MTDLs in these disorders as well as emphasize the need for structured future effort to translate these early results facilitating the adoption of these, and similar, molecules in clinical research.

scholarly journals The role of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 and vitamin D receptor gene in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts as response to orthodontic compressive strain: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Calvano Küchler ◽  
Agnes Schröder ◽  
Vinicius Broska Teodoro ◽  
Ute Nazet ◽  
Rafaela Scariot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Compressive Strain ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate, if different physiological concentrations of vitamin D (25(OH)D3) and single nucleotide polymorphisms in vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have an impact on gene expression in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) fibroblasts induced by simulated orthodontic compressive strain. Methods A pool of hPDL fibroblasts was treated in absence or presence of 25(OH)D3 in 3 different concentrations (10, 40 and 60 ng/ml). In order to evaluate the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene, hPDL fibroblasts from 9 patients were used and treated in absence or presence of 40 ng/ml 25(OH)D3. Each experiment was performed with and without simulated orthodontic compressive strain. Real-time PCR was used for gene expression and allelic discrimination analysis. Relative expression of dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), Sec23 homolog A, amidohydrolase domain containing 1 (AMDHD1), vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), Hydroxyvitamin D-1-α hydroxylase, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and interleukin-6 (IL6) was assessed. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms in VDR were genotyped. Parametric or non-parametric tests were used with an alpha of 5%. Results RANKL, RANKL:OPG ratio, COX-2, IL-6, DHCR7, CYP2R1 and AMDHD1 were differentially expressed during simulated orthodontic compressive strain (p < 0.05). The RANKL:OPG ratio was downregulated by all concentrations (10 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml and 60 ng/ml) of 25(OH)D3 (mean = 0.96 ± 0.68, mean = 1.61 ± 0.66 and mean = 1.86 ± 0.78, respectively) in comparison to the control (mean 2.58 ± 1.16) (p < 0.05). CYP2R1 gene expression was statistically modulated by the different 25(OH)D3 concentrations applied (p = 0.008). Samples from individuals carrying the GG genotype in rs739837 presented lower VDR mRNA expression and samples from individuals carrying the CC genotype in rs7975232 presented higher VDR mRNA expression (p < 0.05). Conclusions Simulated orthodontic compressive strain and physiological concentrations of 25(OH)D3 seem to regulate the expression of orthodontic tooth movement and vitamin-D-related genes in periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the context of orthodontic compressive strain. Our study also suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms in the VDR gene regulate VDR expression in periodontal ligament fibroblasts in the context of orthodontic compressive strain.

The renin-angiotensin system in kidney development: role of COX-2 and adrenal steroids

2004 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Jensen ◽  
J. Stubbe ◽  
K. Madsen ◽  
F. T. Nielsen ◽  
O. Skott
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Development ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Cox 2

scholarly journals Streptococcus suis Induces Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Porcine Lung Tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Muriel Dresen ◽  
Josephine Schenk ◽  
Yenehiwot Berhanu Weldearegay ◽  
Désirée Vötsch ◽  
Wolfgang Baumgärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Alveolar Tissue ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Ciliated Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immunohistological Analysis

Streptococcus suis is a common pathogen colonising the respiratory tract of pigs. It can cause meningitis, sepsis and pneumonia leading to economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its metabolites play an important regulatory role in different biological processes like inflammation modulation and immune activation. In this report we analysed the induction of COX-2 and the production of its metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in a porcine precision-cut lung slice (PCLS) model. Using Western blot analysis, we found a time-dependent induction of COX-2 in the infected tissue resulting in increased PGE2 levels. Immunohistological analysis revealed a strong COX-2 expression in the proximity of the bronchioles between the ciliated epithelial cells and the adjacent alveolar tissue. The morphology, location and vimentin staining suggested that these cells are subepithelial bronchial fibroblasts. Furthermore, we showed that COX-2 expression as well as PGE2 production was detected following infection with two prevalent S. suis serotypes and that the pore-forming toxin suilysin played an important role in this process. Therefore, this study provides new insights in the response of porcine lung cells to S. suis infections and serves as a basis for further studies to define the role of COX-2 and its metabolites in the inflammatory response in porcine lung tissue during infections with S. suis.

Evaluation of Photobiogoverning Role of Blue Light Irradiation on Viral Replication

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil‐Sun Oh ◽  
Kyung Won Kang ◽  
Seung Rok Ryu ◽  
SeokTae Lim ◽  
Myung‐Hee Sohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Irradiation
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