Association of low-level environmental exposure to cadmium and lead with gout flare using a cohort study design

Latar Belakang : Salah satu faktor penyebab infeksi bakteri adalah peralatan yang digunakan, tehnik aseptik yang salah, atau larutan antiseptik yang dipakai. Larutan antiseptik yang biasa digunakan pada pemasangan kateter vena sentral adalah Chlorhexidine 2% dan Povidone Iodine 10%. Efektifitas kedua larutan antiseptik ini berbeda di beberapa penelitian, dimana hal tersebut berpengaruh pada resiko terjadinya CRBSI.Tujuan : Mendapatkan antiseptik yang optimal dalam menurunkan jumlah kepadatan kuman dan menurunkan angka kejadian CRBSI.Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Analitic Cohort Study Design dengan jumlah sampel 40 pasien UPI Dewasa RSUP HAM yang dibagi dalam dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok A Chlorhexidine 2% - alcohol 70%, dan kelompok B Povidone Iodine 10% - alcohol 70%, dilakukan dengan single blind. Desain penelitian dilakukan perhitungan kepadatan kuman dengan swab lidi steril dengan pre test – post test control grup. Untuk membandingkan perbedaan kepadatan kuman masing – masing grup sebelum dan sesudah pemberian antiseptik, digunakan analisa uji t, sedangkan untuk membandingkan penurunan jumlah kepadatan kuman (respon antiseptik) digunakan analisa uji t – pair. Interval kepercayaan 95% dengan nilai p < 0,05, dianggap bermakna secara signifikan.Hasil : Penurunan jumlah kepadatan kuman terbesar terjadi pada kelompok A dengan rerata 99,87% (SB=0,28%), sedangkan pada kelompok B rerata penurunan 98,83% (SB=1,86%) dengan nilai p = 0,001.Kesimpulan : Chlorhexidine 2% - alcohol 70% lebih efektif menurunkan jumlah kepadatan kuman dan menurunkan angka kejadian CRBSI dibandingkan Povidone Iodine 10% - alcohol 70%.

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The Impact of Cohort Study Design on Modelling Change in an Outcome: A Simulation Study.

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyv097.192 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i50-i51

Author(s):

L. D. Howe ◽

D. A. Lawlor ◽

C. Macdonald-Wallis ◽

Y. Ben Shlomo ◽

H. Goldstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Cohort Study Design ◽

The Impact

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Demographic and clinical factors associated with different antidepressant treatments: a retrospective cohort study design in a UK psychiatric healthcare setting

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022170 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. e022170 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrea C Fernandes ◽

David Chandran ◽

Mizanur Khondoker ◽

Michael Dewey ◽

Hitesh Shetty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Healthcare Setting ◽

Clinical Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Antidepressant Treatments ◽

Cohort Study Design ◽

Antidepressant Use

ObjectiveTo investigate the demographic and clinical factors associated with antidepressant use for depressive disorder in a psychiatric healthcare setting using a retrospective cohort study design.SettingData were extracted from a de-identified data resource sourced from the electronic health records of a London mental health service. Relative risk ratios (RRRs) were obtained from multinomial logistic regression analysis to ascertain the probability of receiving common antidepressant treatments relative to sertraline.ParticipantsPatients were included if they received mental healthcare and a diagnosis of depression with antidepressant treatment between March and August 2015 and exposures were measured over the preceding 12 months.ResultsOlder age was associated with increased use of all antidepressants compared with sertraline, except for negative associations with fluoxetine (RRR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.98) and a combination of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (0.98; 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99), and no significant association with escitalopram. Male gender was associated with increased use of mirtazapine compared with sertraline (2.57; 95% CI 1.85 to 3.57). Previous antidepressant, antipsychotic and mood stabiliser use were associated with newer antidepressant use (ie, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, mirtazapine or a combination of both), while affective symptoms were associated with reduced use of citalopram (0.58; 95% CI 0.27 to 0.83) and fluoxetine (0.42; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.72) and somatic symptoms were associated with increased use of mirtazapine (1.60; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.75) relative to sertraline. In patients older than 25 years, past benzodiazepine use was associated with a combination of SSRIs (2.97; 95% CI 1.32 to 6.68), mirtazapine (1.94; 95% CI 1.20 to 3.16) and venlafaxine (1.87; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.34), while past suicide attempts were associated with increased use of fluoxetine (2.06; 95% CI 1.10 to 3.87) relative to sertraline.ConclusionThere were several factors associated with different antidepressant receipt in psychiatric healthcare. In patients aged >25, those on fluoxetine were more likely to have past suicide attempt, while past use of antidepressant and non-antidepressant use was also associated with use of new generation antidepressants, potentially reflecting perceived treatment resistance.

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