Long-term exposure to environmental diclofenac concentrations impairs growth and induces molecular changes in Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 133065
Author(s):  
Lucie Bouly ◽  
Frédérique Courant ◽  
Elsa Bonnafé ◽  
Jean-Luc Carayon ◽  
Jean-Michel Malgouyres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Molecular Changes

scholarly journals Immunological and genetic kinetics from diagnosis to clinical progression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Jiménez ◽  
Bárbara Tazón-Vega ◽  
Pau Abrisqueta ◽  
Juan C. Nieto ◽  
Sabela Bobillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Altered Gene

Abstract Background Mechanisms driving the progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from its early stages are not fully understood. The acquisition of molecular changes at the time of progression has been observed in a small fraction of patients, suggesting that CLL progression is not mainly driven by dynamic clonal evolution. In order to shed light on mechanisms that lead to CLL progression, we investigated longitudinal changes in both the genetic and immunological scenarios. Methods We performed genetic and immunological longitudinal analysis using paired primary samples from untreated CLL patients that underwent clinical progression (sampling at diagnosis and progression) and from patients with stable disease (sampling at diagnosis and at long-term asymptomatic follow-up). Results Molecular analysis showed limited and non-recurrent molecular changes at progression, indicating that clonal evolution is not the main driver of clinical progression. Our analysis of the immune kinetics found an increasingly dysfunctional CD8+ T cell compartment in progressing patients that was not observed in those patients that remained asymptomatic. Specifically, terminally exhausted effector CD8+ T cells (T-betdim/−EomeshiPD1hi) accumulated, while the the co-expression of inhibitory receptors (PD1, CD244 and CD160) increased, along with an altered gene expression profile in T cells only in those patients that progressed. In addition, malignant cells from patients at clinical progression showed enhanced capacity to induce exhaustion-related markers in CD8+ T cells ex vivo mainly through a mechanism dependent on soluble factors including IL-10. Conclusions Altogether, we demonstrate that the interaction with the immune microenvironment plays a key role in clinical progression in CLL, thereby providing a rationale for the use of early immunotherapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Chronic Alcohol Use Induces Molecular Genetic Changes in the Dorsomedial Thalamus of People with Alcohol-Related Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Andreas-Christian Hade ◽  
Mari-Anne Philips ◽  
Ene Reimann ◽  
Toomas Jagomäe ◽  
Kattri-Liis Eskla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Thalamic Nuclei ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
Gabaergic Neurotransmission ◽  
And Control ◽  
Upregulated Genes

The Mediodorsal (MD) thalamus that represents a fundamental subcortical relay has been underrepresented in the studies focusing on the molecular changes in the brains of subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD). In the current study, MD thalamic regions from AUD subjects and controls were analyzed with Affymetrix Clariom S human microarray. Long-term alcohol use induced a significant (FDR ≤ 0.05) upregulation of 2802 transcripts and downregulation of 1893 genes in the MD thalamus of AUD subjects. A significant upregulation of GRIN1 (glutamate receptor NMDA type 1) and FTO (alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase) was confirmed in western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining revealed similar heterogenous distribution of GRIN1 in the thalamic nuclei of both AUD and control subjects. The most prevalent functional categories of upregulated genes were related to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission, cellular metabolism, and neurodevelopment. The prevalent gene cluster among down-regulated genes was immune system mediators. Forty-two differentially expressed genes, including FTO, ADH1B, DRD2, CADM2, TCF4, GCKR, DPP6, MAPT and CHRH1, have been shown to have strong associations (FDR p < 10−8) with AUD or/and alcohol use phenotypes in recent GWA studies. Despite a small number of subjects, we were able to detect robust molecular changes in the mediodorsal thalamus caused by alcohol emphasizing the importance of deeper brain structures such as diencephalon, in the development of AUD-related dysregulation of neurocircuitry.

scholarly journals What's hot: the enhancing effects of thermal stress on long-term memory formation in Lymnaea stagnalis

2012 ◽  
Vol 215 (24) ◽  
pp. 4322-4329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Teskey ◽  
K. S. Lukowiak ◽  
H. Riaz ◽  
S. Dalesman ◽  
K. Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Analysis of the type material of Gomphosphenia tackei (Bacillariophyceae) and comparison to epizoic diatom populations on freshwater snails

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263
Author(s):  
Mateusz Rybak ◽  
Łukasz Peszek ◽  
Anita Poradowska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Small Cell Size ◽  
Type Population ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background and aims – Hustedt (1942) originally described Gomphosphenia tackei from Germany under the name Gomphonema tackei. Because of the small cell size and the lack of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images from the type material, it is often confused with other species from this genus, especially with G. stoermeri. The aim of this paper was to present detailed morphological characteristics of G. tackei based on the analysis of the type material and of several epizoic populations from Central Europe. Material and methods – The material in this study was collected from the shells of the freshwater snails Lymnaea stagnalis, Planorbarius corneus, and Planorbis planorbis. Additionally, for an unambiguous species identification, the type material for Gomphosphenia tackei was analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopes.Key results – The presence of Gomphosphenia tackei was confirmed in the studied material. The largest population (up to 19%) was recorded on the shell surfaces of living snails, whereas on empty shells, the diatom did not seem to be present or only in very low numbers. Valves are typically clavate with rounded apices. Valves are frequently observed in girdle view, often joint together in pairs. The valves in the studied populations had a valve length of 7–29 µm, a valve width of 3–4 µm, and a stria density of 25–29 striae in 10 µm. In the type population, valve length ranged from 7.5 to 27 µm with a valve width of 3.0–4.0 µm and a stria density of 23–29 striae per 10 µm. Striae were composed of 2–4 elongated to rounded areolae per stria. At the apices, the striae were composed of one single areola. The cells were attached to the substratum by their footpole.Conclusion – Published illustrations of Gomphosphenia tackei do not always correctly represent this species. Individual cells are attached to the substratum by secreted mucilage, probably via their areolae or girdle band pores located on the footpole.

scholarly journals Habitat and social context affect memory phenotype, exploration and covariance among these traits

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1756) ◽  
pp. 20170291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dalesman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Specific Trait ◽  
Context Specific

Individual differences in cognitive ability are predicted to covary with other behavioural traits such as exploration and boldness. Selection within different habitats may act to either enhance or break down covariance among traits; alternatively, changing the environmental context in which traits are assessed may result in plasticity that alters trait covariance. Pond snails, Lymnaea stagnalis , from two laboratory strains (more than 20 generations in captivity) and F1 laboratory reared from six wild populations were tested for long-term memory and exploration traits (speed and thigmotaxis) following maintenance in grouped and isolated conditions to determine if isolation: (i) alters memory and exploration; and (ii) alters covariance between memory and exploration. Populations that demonstrated strong memory formation (longer duration) under grouped conditions demonstrated weaker memory formation and reduced both speed and thigmotaxis following isolation. In wild populations, snails showed no relationship between memory and exploration in grouped conditions; however, following isolation, exploration behaviour was negatively correlated with memory, i.e. slow-explorers showing low levels of thigmotaxis formed stronger memories. Laboratory strains demonstrated no covariance among exploration traits and memory independent of context. Together these data demonstrate that the relationship between cognition and exploration traits can depend on both habitat and context-specific trait plasticity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Causes and consequences of individual differences in cognitive abilities’.

The effects of continuous versus partial reinforcement schedules on associative learning, memory and extinction in Lymnaea stagnalis

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sangha ◽  
Chloe McComb ◽  
Andi Scheibenstock ◽  
Christine Johannes ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Associative Learning ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Conditioning Procedure ◽  
Term Memory

SUMMARY A continuous schedule of reinforcement (CR) in an operant conditioning procedure results in the acquisition of associative learning and the formation of long-term memory. A 50 % partial reinforcement (PR) schedule does not result in learning. The sequence of PR—CR training has different and significant effects on memory retention and resistance to extinction. A CR/PR schedule results in a longer-lasting memory than a PR/CR schedule. Moreover,the memory produced by the CR/PR schedule is resistant to extinction training. In contrast, extinction occurs following the PR/CR schedule.

Microgeographical variability in long-term memory formation in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dalesman ◽  
Simon D. Rundle ◽  
Ken Lukowiak
Keyword(s):  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Pond Snail ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Furcocercous cercariae (Trematoda) from freshwater snails in Central Finland

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Faltýnková ◽  
Katarzyna Niewiadomska ◽  
Maria Santos ◽  
E. Valtonen
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Lymnaea Stagnalis ◽  
Host Record ◽  
Freshwater Snails ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Planorbarius Corneus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Diplostomum Pseudospathaceum

AbstractA total of eight species of furcocercous cercariae of four families (Strigeidae, Diplostomidae, Schistosomatidae and Sanguinicolidae), were found in 2005 in Lake Konnevesi in Central Finland in four snail species (Valvata macrostoma, Lymnaea stagnalis, Bathyomphalus contortus and Planorbarius corneus). Australapatemon burti (Miller, 1923), Australapatemon sp., Cotylurus brevis Dubois et Rausch, 1950, Cercaria spinulosa Ginetsinskaya, 1959 and Sanguinicola sp. are new species records for Finland. Ichthyocotylurus variegatus (Creplin, 1825) and Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewski, 1895) were first recorded as cercariae in Finland. The most common cercariae were A. burti (prevalence 13.3%) and Diplostomum pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 (10.0%). Our study represents the first host record of Valvata macrostoma for larval stages of Australapatemon sp. and Sanguinicola sp.

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