scholarly journals UNUSUAL AXILLARY TUBERCULOUS ADENITIS IN A HOUSEHOLD CONTACT TO INFECTIOUS PULMONARY TB

CHEST Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. A294
Author(s):  
Zannat Ekram ◽  
Alfred Lardizabal ◽  
Kiera Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Household Contact ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

scholarly journals Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination status in TB-exposed children

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Fadilah Harahap ◽  
Ridwan M. Daulay ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Bcg Vaccination

Background Tuberculosis (TB) infection is highly prevalent in Indonesia. The source of transmission of TB to a child is usually via an adult with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. The Mantoux test is a diagnostic tool for tuberculosis infection. The BCG vaccine has been used for the prevention of TB, but its efficacy is still debated. Objective To assess for an association between Mantoux test results and BCG vaccination in children who had contact with adult pulmonary tuberculosis and to assess for differences in Mantoux test induration with regards to nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and time duration since BCG vaccination in BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated children. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in FebruaryMarch 2011 on infants and children (aged 3 months to five years), who had household contact with adult pulmonary TB. We performed tuberculin (Mantoux) skin tests to detect TB infection in the children. Subjects were consisted of two groups: BCG-vaccinated and BCG-unvaccinated. Results Subjects were 100 children (50 BCG-vaccinated and 50 BCG-unvaccinated subjects). Positive Mantoux test results were observed in 9 vaccinated subjects and 33 unvaccinated subjects. The mean diameters of induration in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were 7.6 mm and 9.6 mm, respectively (95%CI of difference -4.25 to 0.20; P=0.074). In children who had household contact with sputum smear-positive adult pulmonary TB, BCG vaccination was a protective factor against TB infection, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.113 (95%CI 0.045 to 0.286; P=0.0001). There were no significant differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, and duration since BCG vaccination, between the two groups. Conclusion BCG vaccination has a protective effect on TBexposed children, based on Mantoux test results. However, there are no differences in Mantoux test induration associated with nutritional status, age, type of TB contact, or duration since BCG vaccination, between the BCG-vaccinated and BCGunvaccinated groups.

scholarly journals Mantoux tests of children in household contact with adult acid fast bacilli-positive or -negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Wardah Wardah ◽  
Ridwan Muktar Daulay ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In children, the major source of TB transmission is adults with pulmonary TB who have acid fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum. However, tuberculosis infection can also occur in children in household contact with adults who have AFB-negative pulmonary TB.Objective To compare Mantoux test results and induration diameters in children with adult pulmonary TB household contact who were either positive or negative for AFB, and to assess for possible associations between Mantoux test results with age, family income, and house ventilation in both groups.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. Mantoux test was performed in children aged 3 months to 18 years who had household contact with either AFB-positive or -negative adult pulmonary TB patients.Results A total of 106 children were enrolled in the study. All subjects had household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients who were either AFB-positive (54 children) or AFB-negative (52 children). Mean Mantoux test induration diameters were significantly different between groups (10.9 (SD 6.55) mm vs. 6.2 (SD 5.91) mm, respectively; P=0.001). In addition, there was significantly higher risk of positive Mantoux test in children in contact with adult AFB-positive TB patients than in the AFB-negative group (OR 5.66; 95%CI 2.36-13.59; P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in positive Mantoux test results in each of the AFB-positive and -negative groups, with regards to age, family income, or house ventilation.Conclusion Mean Mantoux test induration diameter in children who had household contact with AFB-positive adults is significantly larger than that of the AFB-negative group. Positive Mantoux test results in children are associated with AFB-positive adult TB in the household. There is no association between positive Mantoux test results and age, family income, or house ventilation in both groups. 

scholarly journals Tuberculosis prevalence among underfive children in household contact with negative acid fast bacilli adult pulmonary tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Iskandar ◽  
Heda Melinda D. Nataprawira ◽  
Herry Garna ◽  
Julistio T.B. Djais
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli ◽  
Tuberculosis Prevalence

Background Risk of tuberculosis (TB) transmission is greatest if achild has household contact with positive acid fast bacilli (AFB)adult pulmonary TB. Risk of TB transmission from negative AFBadult pulmonary TB to underfive children is unknown.Objective To find out the prevalence of TB infection and diseaseamong underfive children in household contacts with negativeAFB adult pulmonary TB.Methods The study was performed at Balai Kesehatan ParuMasyarakat (BKPM) Bandung on underfive children who live inthe same house with negative AFB adult pulmonary TB fromFebruary to July 2006. History taking, physical examination,anthropometric measurement, chest radiographs, and tuberculinskin test were performed to all study subjects. Subjects were thencategorized as TB infection(positive tuberculin test only) or disease(defined based on Pulmonology Workgroup of IndonesianPaediatrics Council criteria, 2005).Results Sixty one children (32 males and 29 females) had contactwith 54 negative AFB adults pulmonary TB. Tuberculosis infectionwas found in six (10%), while disease was found in 10 (16%)children. The prevalence of TB infection was 10% (95% CI2.3;17.3) while prevalence of TB disease was 16% (95% CI7.1;24.7).Conclusion Tuberculosis infection and disease prevalence isconsiderably high in household contact with negative EFB adultpulmonary TB.

scholarly journals Mantoux tests of children in household contact with adult acid fast bacilli-positive or -negative pulmonary tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Wardah Wardah ◽  
Ridwan Muktar Daulay ◽  
Emil Azlin ◽  
Wisman Dalimunthe ◽  
Rini Savitri Daulay
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Acid Fast Bacilli

Background Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developing countries. In children, the major source of TB transmission is adults with pulmonary TB who have acid fast bacilli (AFB)-positive sputum. However, tuberculosis infection can also occur in children in household contact with adults who have AFB-negative pulmonary TB.Objective To compare Mantoux test results and induration diameters in children with adult pulmonary TB household contact who were either positive or negative for AFB, and to assess for possible associations between Mantoux test results with age, family income, and house ventilation in both groups.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2014. Mantoux test was performed in children aged 3 months to 18 years who had household contact with either AFB-positive or -negative adult pulmonary TB patients.Results A total of 106 children were enrolled in the study. All subjects had household contact with adult pulmonary TB patients who were either AFB-positive (54 children) or AFB-negative (52 children). Mean Mantoux test induration diameters were significantly different between groups (10.9 (SD 6.55) mm vs. 6.2 (SD 5.91) mm, respectively; P=0.001). In addition, there was significantly higher risk of positive Mantoux test in children in contact with adult AFB-positive TB patients than in the AFB-negative group (OR 5.66; 95%CI 2.36-13.59; P=0.0001). However, there were no significant differences in positive Mantoux test results in each of the AFB-positive and -negative groups, with regards to age, family income, or house ventilation.Conclusion Mean Mantoux test induration diameter in children who had household contact with AFB-positive adults is significantly larger than that of the AFB-negative group. Positive Mantoux test results in children are associated with AFB-positive adult TB in the household. There is no association between positive Mantoux test results and age, family income, or house ventilation in both groups. 

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY IN DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL, SEMARANG, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Arulita Ika Fibriana ◽  
Mahalul Azam ◽  
Sri Maryuni ◽  
Fitri Indrawati ◽  
Rudatin Windraswara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Prevalence of TB among DM patients ranged from 1.7 % to 36 %. Limited information has been reported regarding TB among DM patients in Indonesia. This case-control study aimed to investigate prevalence and related factors of pulmonary TB among DM patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. Cases of pulmonary TB were defined by a positive acid-fast bacilli smear or molecular rapid test and thorax x-ray. Data were presented as frequency and percentage comparing the case and control group. Chi-square continued by Binary logistic regression analyses were done to determine the relationship between the parameters and TB status performed by the SPSS 16. Prevalence of 8.02% or 72 patients were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB from 898 registered patients with DM. Of the 72 TB patients, 30 completed the data as case group, and 45 DM patients without TB determined as a control group. Comparison between the case and control group study found differences in household contact (63.3 % and 4.4 %, respectively), random plasma glucose (76.7 % and 33.3 %), duration of DM (40 % and 71 %), and treatment compliance (30 % and 68.9 %). The final   model in Binary logistic regression involved household contact, random plasma glucose level, and treatment compliance. The prevalence of pulmonary TB among DM patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 8.02%. Risk factors that were associated with this occurrence were: household contact, high random plasma glucose level, and poor treatment compliance.

scholarly journals CONTACT INVESTIGATION OF TUBERCULOSIS CASE FINDINGS ON CHILDREN WITH INDEX CASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erni Rita ◽  
Tria Astika Endah Permatasari ◽  
Ika Kurniaty ◽  
Giri Widagdo
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
National Indicator ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Index Cases

Background: The contact investigation of Tuberculosis (TB) case finding constitutes a newgovernment’s policy of year 2016 in Indonesia. The Objective of research is to get description ofContact Investigation in TB case findings on children at Public Health Center in Central Jakarta,Indonesia.Methods: The cohort research design was conducted on pulmonary TB patients of 34 children (ages <14 years) who have household contact as well as close contact with pulmonary TB positive patients atPublic Health Center in Central Jakarta during May-August 2018.Results: from 34 respondents, as many as 73.5% (24 children) lived one household with adultpulmonary TB patients. Children with TB positive was diagnosed from Clinical Symptom are 5,9%that is higher than national Indicator (3-5%).Conclusion: A government’s policy is needed to implement the contact Investigation of TuberculosisCase Findings on Children with Index Cases and used as a model for health workers

scholarly journals A Measure of Transmission of Tuberculosis Infection among Children in Household Contact

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
K.R. Sharma ◽  
N.K. Bhatta ◽  
S.R. Niraula ◽  
R. Gurung ◽  
P.K. Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Under Five ◽  
National Tuberculosis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is transmitted through droplets from patients having pulmonary TB, Young children living in the same household are at higher risk Tuberculosis, with great potential to benefit from screening and preventive treatment. This study was conducted with the objectives to estimate the prevalence of TB infection among under five years old children in household contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and assess the factors associated with transmission of TB. Methods: Pulmonary TB patients receiving treatment from the DOTS Centres in Sunsari District (Index Case-IC) were visited in their household to identify and assess contacts below five years of age. Transverse induration greater than10 mm was defined as a positive Mantoux test suggestive of tubercular infection. Results: Among 190 household contacts, Mantoux was positive in 13.7% (95%CI: 11.2-16.2). Higher sputum bacillary load (adjusted OR=3.03; 95% CI 1.01-9.1) and spitting habits of Index Cases (aOR=3.1; 95% CI 1.2-7.7), first-degree relationship (aOR=3.5; 95%CI 1.4-8.7) and longer duration of contact (aOR- 6.7; 95% CI 1.4-32.2), were factors significantly associated with positive Mantoux test in the under-five years old household contact. Conclusion: The prevalence of tuberculosis infection among under-five children in contact with pulmonary tuberculosis patients was 13.7%, which is nearly double than the results of first national tuberculin survey (7%), conducted by National Tuberculosis Centre. This highlights the need for a competent & functioning contact tracing mechanism to halt the chain of transmission of infection. Social and behavioral factors existing in the household were significantly associated with the transmission of Tuberculosis infection.

scholarly journals AFB smear positive 1+: a dominant factor in Pulmonary TB household transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Alinea Dwi Elisanti ◽  
Diany Yoke Safira ◽  
Efri Tri Ardianto
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Prevention Behavior

Latar belakang: TBC menjadi masalah kesehatan dunia, termasuk Indonesia karena kasus baru TB paru terus meningkat. Penelitian ini mengkaji faktor dominant yang mempengaruhi penularan kontak serumah pasien TB paru. Metode: Studi observasional dengan desain analitik cross sectional ini menggunakan populasi seluruh penderita dan anggota keluarga pasien TB paru di Puskesmas Kedundung tahun 2015 2016. Sampel sejumlah 52 orang dihitung menggunakan rumus besar sampel infinith dan diambil secara konsekutif. Variabel penelitian meliputi perilaku pencegahan, Gradasi BTA dan penularan kontak serumah. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar wawancara, lembar pengumpul data, sputum pot steril. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Spearman Rank dan uji regresi logistik binary dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05. Hasil: Perilaku pencegahan (p=0.093), BTA positive 2+ (p=0.377) tidak berpengaruh terhadap penularan kontak serumah pasien TB paru, sedangkan BTA positive 1+ mempengaruhi penularan kontak serumah pasien TB paru (p= 0,007). Nilai Exp (B) BTA positif (1+) menunjukkan 12,144 artinya pasien BTA positif (1+) memiliki risiko 12,144 kali lebih tinggi menularkan ke kontak serumah dibandingkan dengan BTA positif (3+). Sedangkan pasien BTA positif (2+) memiliki risiko 3,328 kali menularkan ke kontak serumah dibandingkan dengan BTA positif (3+). Kesimpulan: Pasien TB paru dengan pemeriksaan BTA positif (1+) menjadi faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi penularan kontak serumah pasien TB paru. Upaya komunikasi dan edukasi personal higiene, tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan pasien TB paru perlu ditingkatkan untuk menekan kejadian baru TB paru. Kata kunci: Gradasi BTA, TB Paru, Perilaku Pencegahan, Penularan Kontak Rumah Tangga   Abstract   Background: Tuberculosis has become a global health problem, included in Indonesia, new cases of pulmonary TB increase continuously. This study examined the dominant factors that influenced the transmission of household contacts in pulmonary TB patients. Methods: This observational study was a cross-sectional analytic design which used a population of all patients and family members of pulmonary TB patients at the Kedundung Health Center in 2015 until 2016. A sample of 52 people was counted using the infinith sample size formula and taken consecutively. Research variables include prevention behavior, AFB smear gradation, and household contact transmission. Collecting data used interview sheets, data collection sheets, sterile sputum pots. Data was analyzed by chi-square test and binary logistic regression test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Prevention behavior (p=0.093), AFB smear-positive 2+ (p=0.377) did not affect on household contact transmission in pulmonary TB patients, whereas AFB smear-positive 1+ affected household contacts transmission of pulmonary TB patients (p=0.007). The value of Exp (B), AFB smear-positive (1+) have a risk of 12.144 times transmitting to household contact when compared to AFB smear-positive (3+). Whereas patients with AFB smear-positive (2+) have a risk of 3,328 times transmitting to household contact when compared with AFB smear-positive 3+. Conclusion: Pulmonary TB patients with AFB smear-positive (1+) was the dominant factor affecting household contact transmission. Communication and personal hygiene education efforts, the level of adherence in the treatment of pulmonary TB patients needs to be increased to suppress the new incidence of pulmonary TB. Keywords: AcidFast Bacilli (AFB) gradation, pulmonary TB, Prevention Behavior, Transmission of Household Contacts

Antibody to Hepatitis G Mrus after a Vapour-Heated Factor Vlll Goncentrate

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (02) ◽  
pp. 232-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Mannucci ◽  
A R Zanetti ◽  
M Colombo ◽  
A Chistolini ◽  
R De Biasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Marked Elevation ◽  
Clotting Factor Concentrates

SummaryTo evaluate whether or not clotting factor concentrates exposed to virucidal procedures transmitted hepatitis C, sera obtained in 1984–1986 from 27 previously untreated hemophiliacs infused with a vapour-heated factor VIII concentrate were tested retrospectively for the antibody to the hepatitis C virus (anti- HCV). A 2-year-old hemophiliac, negative for anti-HCV before administration of concentrate, seroconverted at week 12 and remained anti-HCV positive thereafter. Both his parents were anti-HCV negative and he had no other household contact. The patient had also become HBsAg positive at week 8 and had at the same time a marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase. His double infection with the hepatitis B and C viruses indicates that hot vapour was not completely effective in inactivating these viruses.

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