scholarly journals CONTACT INVESTIGATION OF TUBERCULOSIS CASE FINDINGS ON CHILDREN WITH INDEX CASES

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erni Rita ◽  
Tria Astika Endah Permatasari ◽  
Ika Kurniaty ◽  
Giri Widagdo
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
National Indicator ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Index Cases

Background: The contact investigation of Tuberculosis (TB) case finding constitutes a newgovernment’s policy of year 2016 in Indonesia. The Objective of research is to get description ofContact Investigation in TB case findings on children at Public Health Center in Central Jakarta,Indonesia.Methods: The cohort research design was conducted on pulmonary TB patients of 34 children (ages <14 years) who have household contact as well as close contact with pulmonary TB positive patients atPublic Health Center in Central Jakarta during May-August 2018.Results: from 34 respondents, as many as 73.5% (24 children) lived one household with adultpulmonary TB patients. Children with TB positive was diagnosed from Clinical Symptom are 5,9%that is higher than national Indicator (3-5%).Conclusion: A government’s policy is needed to implement the contact Investigation of TuberculosisCase Findings on Children with Index Cases and used as a model for health workers

scholarly journals Implementation of Management of Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Directly Observed Treatment Short course Strategy

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Nursalim Nursalim ◽  
Mappeaty Nyorong ◽  
Asriwati Amirah
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
District Health Office ◽  
District Health ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

The purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of pulmonary TB disease management with the DOTS strategy at the Jagong Health Center, Central Aceh Regency.The implementation of Pulmonary TB Management with the DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse) strategy in the working area of the Jagong Health Center, Central Aceh Regency has been maximized. by facilitating and providing motivation so that patients want treatment in a complete and integrated manner, case detection can be carried out by health workers or cadres who have been given training to recognize the symptoms of pulmonary TB. The distribution of drugs is distributed to each puskesmas in Central Aceh Regency, from the Puskesmas the drugs are arranged directly by P2TB officers then given directly to the PMO or the patient himself. PMO performance has never been given special training about treatment, PMO only received direction from P2TB Pulmonary officers. Recording and reporting carried out at the Jagong Health Center includes case finding, treatment, and recovery. Suspected pulmonary TB will be recorded and then monitored until the results of the examination have been obtained. Recording and reporting will be reported every month in a meeting at the Central Aceh District Health Office. For the Central Aceh Regency government to further enhance the development and improvement of infrastructure in the health sector so that health services are more easily accessible to people in remote areas.

scholarly journals Influence of Health Belief Model and Motivation with Prevention of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Transmission in Public Health Center Gurah Kediri Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Nanang Muhibuddin ◽  
Endah Susanti ◽  
Astri Yunita
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Belief Model ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Belief Model ◽  
Belief Models

Tuberculosis is a health problem, both in terms of mortality or mortality, and the incidence rate of disease or morbidity. This infectious disease is mostly caused by the germ mycobacterium tuberculosis. The purpose of this study is to find out the influence of health belief models and motivation with the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission. The design used in the study is correlational analytics with a cross sectional method approach. While the sample in this study which is Some people with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Gurah Health Center with BTA (+) as many as 22 respondents. The research instrument used is a questionnaire. Spearman Rhodengan test analysis of the level of significanceα=0.05, so as to be able to answer the purpose of the study. Based on Spearman Rho correlation statistical test, obtained p 0.001 result for health belief model and p 0.021, which means that the values p 0.001 and 0.021 < 0.05. From the results obtained that H1 received which means there is an influence of health belief model and motivation with the prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis transmission in Gurah Health Center Kediri Year 2020. It was concluded that the prevention of transmission of Pulmonary TB disease can be improved reciprocal relationship between health workers, families and sufferers with self-awareness of the adverse effects of Pulmonary TB disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and contact tracing assessment of COVID-19 and potential risk of transmission at different exposure settings: A prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Shadat M Noman ◽  
Mohammed Rezaul Karim ◽  
ASM Zahed ◽  
ATM Rezaul Karim ◽  
Syed S Islam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Close Contacts

Abstract Background: Transmission risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to close contacts and at different exposure settings are yet to be fully understood for the evaluation of effective control measures. Methods: We traced 1171 close contact cases who were linked to 291 index cases between July 3, 2020 and September 3, 2020. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of all index cases, close contacts, and secondary contact cases were collected and analyzed the secondary attack rate and risk of transmission at different exposure settings. Results: Median age of 291 index cases were 43.0 years (range 18.5-82.3) including 213 male and 78 females. Among all 1171 close contact cases, 39(3.3%) cases were identified as secondary infected cases. Among 39 secondary cases, 33(84.62%) cases were symptomatic and 3 (7.69%) cases were asymptomatic. Of the 33 symptomatic cases, 31(86.1%) male and 5(13.9%) female. Of these 36 symptomatic cases, 24(66.7%) cases between age 20-59 and remaining 12(33.3%) cases were age 60 and over. Of the 36 symptomatic cases, 11(30.6%) cases were identified as severe, 19(52.8%) as moderate and 6(16.7%) as mild. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 3.07% (95% CI 2.49-3.64). The attack rate was higher among those aged between 50 to 69 years and shows higher risk of transmission than age below 50 years. The attack rate was higher among household contact (6.17%(95%CI 4.7-7.6; risk ratio 2.44[95%CI1.5-3.4]), and lower in hospital facility (2.29%,95%CI0.58-3.40; [risk ratio 0.91,95%CI 0.17-1.9]), funeral ceremony (2.53%,95%CI 0.32-4.73), work places (3.95%,95% CI2.5-5.42 [risk ratio 1.56,95%CI 0.63-2.5]), family contacts (3.87%,95%CI 2.4-5.3; risk ratio 1.53,95%CI 0.61-2.45]). Conclusions: Among all exposure settings analyzed, household contact exposure setting remained the highest transmission probability and risk of transmission of COVID-19 with the increase of age and disease severity.

scholarly journals Drop-out from the tuberculosis contact investigation cascade in a routine public health setting in urban Uganda: A prospective, multi-center study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Armstrong-Hough ◽  
Patricia Turimumahoro ◽  
Amanda Meyer ◽  
Emmanuel Ochom ◽  
Diana Babirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Lay Health Workers ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Public Health Setting ◽  
Household Contact Investigation

Setting Seven public tuberculosis (TB) units in Kampala, Uganda, where Uganda’s national TB program recently introduced household contact investigation, as recommended by 2012 guidelines from WHO. Objective To apply a cascade analysis to implementation of household contact investigation in a programmatic setting. Design Prospective, multi-center observational study. Methods We constructed a cascade for household contact investigation to describe the proportions of: 1) index patient households recruited; 2) index patient households visited; 3) contacts screened for TB; and 4) contacts completing evaluation for, and diagnosed with, active TB. Results 338 (33%) of 1022 consecutive index TB patients were eligible for contact investigation. Lay health workers scheduled home visits for 207 (61%) index patients and completed 104 (50%). Among 287 eligible contacts, they screened 256 (89%) for symptoms or risk factors for TB. 131 (51%) had an indication for further TB evaluation. These included 59 (45%) with symptoms alone, 58 (44%) children <5, and 14 (11%) with HIV. Among 131 contacts found to be symptomatic or at risk, 26 (20%) contacts completed evaluation, including five (19%) diagnosed with and treated for active TB, for an overall yield of 1.7%. The cumulative conditional probability of completing the entire cascade was 5%. Conclusion Major opportunities exist for improving the effectiveness and yield of TB contact investigation by increasing the proportion of index households completing screening visits by lay health workers and the proportion of at-risk contacts completing TB evaluation.

scholarly journals Drop-out from the tuberculosis contact investigation cascade in a routine public health setting in urban Uganda: A prospective, multi-center study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Armstrong-Hough ◽  
Patricia Turimumahoro ◽  
Amanda Meyer ◽  
Emmanuel Ochom ◽  
Diana Babirye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Lay Health Workers ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Multi Center Study ◽  
Public Health Setting ◽  
Household Contact Investigation

Setting Seven public tuberculosis (TB) units in Kampala, Uganda, where Uganda’s national TB program recently introduced household contact investigation, as recommended by 2012 guidelines from WHO. Objective To apply a cascade analysis to implementation of household contact investigation in a programmatic setting. Design Prospective, multi-center observational study. Methods We constructed a cascade for household contact investigation to describe the proportions of: 1) index patient households recruited; 2) index patient households visited; 3) contacts screened for TB; and 4) contacts completing evaluation for, and diagnosed with, active TB. Results 338 (33%) of 1022 consecutive index TB patients were eligible for contact investigation. Lay health workers scheduled home visits for 207 (61%) index patients and completed 104 (50%). Among 287 eligible contacts, they screened 256 (89%) for symptoms or risk factors for TB. 131 (51%) had an indication for further TB evaluation. These included 59 (45%) with symptoms alone, 58 (44%) children <5, and 14 (11%) with HIV. Among 131 contacts found to be symptomatic or at risk, 26 (20%) contacts completed evaluation, including five (19%) diagnosed with and treated for active TB, for an overall yield of 1.7%. The cumulative conditional probability of completing the entire cascade was 5%. Conclusion Major opportunities exist for improving the effectiveness and yield of TB contact investigation by increasing the proportion of index households completing screening visits by lay health workers and the proportion of at-risk contacts completing TB evaluation.

scholarly journals Determinant of Latent Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence among Health Workers in Community Health Centers in Surabaya, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Susilowati Andajani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
And Behavior

About 2 billion people in the world are infected with latent TB, and 5-10% of them will develop into active TB. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, behavior, duration of work, comorbidities, and workplace ventilation with the incidence of latent pulmonary TB. This type of research is an observational cross sectional analytic, a sample of research of poly TB analysts and nurses from 13 health centers in Surabaya, a sample of 30 people. Statistical analysis with Chi Square and t-2 test samples were free with a=0.05. The results of this study are: The proportion of latent TB incidence is (46.70%) and 85.71% of them are women. None of the respondents detected DM, and none of the history had HIV, silicosis or hepatitis. All workplace ventilation is not good. There was no relationship between nutritional status, behavior, duration of work and the incidence of latent pulmonary TB. The conclusions from the study are, 1) The proportion of health center health workers affected by latent pulmonary TB infection is 46.70%, 2) There is no relationship between nutritional status, length of work, and behavior of health center health workers in Surabaya with latent pulmonary TB incidence. The highest incidence of latent pulmonary TB occurred in those with a working period of five years or more, with the highest education in D3 medical analysts/akper. All workplace ventilation is not good. The highest incidence of latent pulmonary TB (42.86%) in employees at the PRM Health Center (microscopic referral health center).

scholarly journals Determinant of Latent Pulmonary Tuberculosis Incidence among Health Workers in Community Health Centers in Surabaya, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Susilowati Andajani
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
And Behavior

About 2 billion people in the world are infected with latent TB, and 5-10% of them will develop into active TB. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, behavior, duration of work, comorbidities, and workplace ventilation with the incidence of latent pulmonary TB. This type of research is an observational cross sectional analytic, a sample of research of poly TB analysts and nurses from 13 health centers in Surabaya, a sample of 30 people. Statistical analysis with Chi Square and t-2 test samples were free with a=0.05. The results of this study are: The proportion of latent TB incidence is (46.70%) and 85.71% of them are women. None of the respondents detected DM, and none of the history had HIV, silicosis or hepatitis. All workplace ventilation is not good. There was no relationship between nutritional status, behavior, duration of work and the incidence of latent pulmonary TB. The conclusions from the study are, 1) The proportion of health center health workers affected by latent pulmonary TB infection is 46.70%, 2) There is no relationship between nutritional status, length of work, and behavior of health center health workers in Surabaya with latent pulmonary TB incidence. The highest incidence of latent pulmonary TB occurred in those with a working period of five years or more, with the highest education in D3 medical analysts/akper. All workplace ventilation is not good. The highest incidence of latent pulmonary TB (42.86%) in employees at the PRM Health Center (microscopic referral health center).

scholarly journals Meningococcal carriage in close contacts of cases

1991 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. V. Cartwright ◽  
J. M. Stuart ◽  
P. M. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
South West ◽  
Deep Site ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Close Contacts

SUMMARYBetween 1 October 1986 and 31 March 1987, 55 cases of meningococcal disease were identified in the South-West of England, an attack rate of 1·54 per 100000 during the study period. Antibiotics used in the treatment of the disease successfully eliminated nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococci in 13 out of 14 cases without use of rifampicin. The overall meningococcal carriage rate in 384 close contacts was 18·2% and the carriage rate of strains indistinguishable from the associated case strain was 11·1%. The carriage rate of indistinguishable strains in household contacts (16·0%) was higher than the carriage rate in contacts living at other addresses (7·0%, P > 0·05). A 2·day course of rifampicin successfully eradicated meningococci from 46 (98%) of 47 colonized contacts.In one third of cases groupable meningococci were isolated from at least one household contact; 92% of these isolates were of the same serogroup as the associated case strain. When a meningococcus is not isolated from a deep site in a clinical case of meningococcal disease, culture of serogroup A or C strains from nasopharyngeal swabs of the case or of household contacts is an indication that the close contact group should be offered meningococcal A + C vaccine in addition to chemoprophylaxis. The failure in this and other studies to isolate meningococci from any household contact in the majority of cases may be due either to the relative insensitivity of nasopharyngeal swabbing in detecting meningococcal carriage or to the acquisition of meningococci by most index cases from sources outside the household.

scholarly journals Enhancing tuberculosis case finding in Tanzania: implementation of a quality improvement initiative

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
E. Wandwalo ◽  
V. Kamara ◽  
M. A. Yassin ◽  
L. Morrison ◽  
N. B. Nwaneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Quality Improvement Initiative ◽  
Tuberculosis Case ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Programme ◽  
Case Notification

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in Tanzania. A quality improvement (QI) initiative was implemented by the National Tuberculosis Programme with support from The Global Fund to enhance TB case finding. The initiative involved identifying gaps in the quality of services, introducing tools, building capacity of health workers, and strengthening laboratory and referral services. The initiative was piloted at sub-national level and subsequently scaled-up nationally. Overall, 1280 health workers were trained, leading to an 81% cumulative increase in notified TB cases in the pilot region and 4000 additional TB cases notified nationally. The QI initiative could serve as a model for the improvement of TB case notification in other settings.

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