Straw mulch-based no-tillage improves tillering capability of dryland wheat by reducing asymmetric competition between main stem and tillers

EFEITOS DE NÍVEIS DE COBERTURA DO SOLO SOBRE A PRODUTIVIDADE E CRESCIMENTO DO FEIJOEIRO IRRIGADO,EM SISTEMA DE PLANTIODIRETO João Baptista Chieppe Júnior1; Ana Lucia Pereira2; Luis Fernando Stone3; José Aluísio Alves Moreira3; Antônio Evaldo Klar4 1Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Rio Verde, GO, [email protected]ério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento , Epitaciolândia, AC3Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, Santo Antônio de Goiás, GO4Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve por objetivo estudar os efeitos da cobertura do solo sobre a produtividade e crescimento do feijoeiro irrigado (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) sob cinco tratamentos de cobertura morta com palhada de capim braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens): 0% (0 t.ha-1), 25% (2,25 t.ha-1), 50% (4,50 t.ha-1), 75% (6,75 t.ha-1) e 100% (9,0 t.ha-1), obedecendo delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, no município de Santo Antonio de Goiás, GO, num Latossolo Vermelho escuro argiloso. A irrigação foi realizada por microaspersão e o manejo através de tensiômetro e a curva característica de água no solo, irrigando toda vez que o potencial mínimo de água do solo atingia -30 kPa. A análise dos resultados mostrou diminuição do número de irrigações e aumento do turno de rega nos tratamentos onde a cobertura atingiu mais de 50% da superfície do solo. A cobertura do solo não influenciou na produção de grãos e seus componentes, com exceção do número de grãos por vagem e propiciou maior eficiência do uso da água. O tratamento com 100% de cobertura apresentou os maiores índices de área foliar e o acúmulo da matéria seca não sofreu influência da cobertura. UNITERMOS: Phaseolus vulgaris L., sistema de plantio direto, Braquiária CHIEPPE JÚNIOR, J.B.; PEREIRA, A.L.; STONE, L.F.. MOREIRA, J.A.A.; KLAR, A. E. Effects of DIFFERENT mulch levels on Growth and yield OF COMMON beans under no tillage system. 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to study the effects of five different treatments of grass (Brachiaria decumbens) straw mulch on common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): 0% (0 t.ha-1), 25% (2,25 t.ha-1), 50% (4,5 t.ha-1), 75% (6,75 t.ha-1) and 100% (9,0 t/ha) designed by randomized blocks and four replications. Irrigation was applied when minimum soil water potential was about – 30kPa. Water management was based on tensiometers and soil water characteristic curve. A microsprinkler irrigation system was used. The experiment was set up at the Experimental Station of Embrapa Rice and Bean (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária Arroz e Feijão) in Santo Antonio de Goiás,Brazil, in a Dark – Red Latosol soil. Results showed that the bean yield and his components were not affected by treatments, except for grain number/pod. Mulching increased water use efficiency and, consequently, decreased the number of irrigations when mulching reached more than 50% straw mulch. The treatment with 100% of mulching presented the largest leaf area index and dry matter accumulation was not affected by mulching.KEYWORDS: Phaseolus vulgaris, no tillage system, Braquiária decumbens L

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AGRONOMIC AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF PERMANENT RAISED BEDS, NO TILLAGE AND STRAW MULCHING FOR AN IRRIGATED MAIZE-WHEAT SYSTEM IN NORTHWEST INDIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479711000809 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 21-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

HARI RAM ◽

YADVINDER SINGH ◽

K. S. SAINI ◽

D. S. KLER ◽

J. TIMSINA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Net Returns ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Northwest India

SUMMARYNo-tillage and raised beds are widely used for different crops in developed countries. A field experiment was conducted on an irrigated maize-wheat system to study the effect of field layout, tillage and straw mulch on crop performance, water use efficiency and economics for five years (2003–2008) in northwest India. Straw mulch reduced the maximum soil temperature at seed depth by about 3 °C compared to the no mulch. During the wheat emergence, raised beds recorded 1.3 °C higher soil temperature compared to the flat treatments. Both maize and wheat yields were similar under different treatments during all the years. Maize and wheat planted on raised beds recorded about 7.8% and 22.7% higher water use efficiency than under flat layout, respectively. Straw mulch showed no effect on water use and water use efficiency in maize. The net returns from the maize-wheat system were more in no tillage and permanent raised beds than with conventional tillage. Bulk density and cumulative infiltration were more in no tillage compared with conventional tillage.

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Development of Soybean Planter with No Tillage and Barley Straw Mulch in the Converted Paddy Field.

Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research ◽

10.4035/jsfwr.29.58 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 58-63

Author(s):

Koichiro OKAZAKI ◽

Masahiro MIYAZAKI ◽

Yuji NAGASAKI ◽

Shuji KOZAI

Keyword(s):

Paddy Field ◽

Barley Straw ◽

No Tillage ◽

Straw Mulch

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TILLAGE AND PLANTING METHODS EFFECTS ON YIELD, WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF SOYBEAN–WHEAT SYSTEM ON A LOAMY SAND SOIL

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000264 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 524-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

HARI RAM ◽

YADVINDER SINGH ◽

K. S. SAINI ◽

D. S. KLER ◽

J. TIMSINA

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Crop Production ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Loamy Sand Soil ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Raised Bed

SUMMARYContinuous rice–wheat (RW) cropping with intensive tillage has resulted in land degradation and inefficient use of water in Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia. Replacement of rice with less water requiring crops such as soybean in RW system and identification of effective strategies for tillage management could result in sustainable cropping system in IGP. A field experiment was conducted for five years on an annual soybean–wheat (SW) rotation in the northwest IGP of India to evaluate effect of tillage, raised bed planting and straw mulch on yield, soil properties, water use efficiency (WUE) and profitability. In soybean, straw mulch reduced soil temperature at seeding depth by about 2.5 °C compared with no mulch. Straw mulch also resulted in slightly reduced water use and slightly higher WUE relative to their respective unmulched treatments. During wheat emergence, raised beds resulted in higher soil temperature by 1.6 °C compared with flat treatments. Bulk density and cumulative infiltration were greater in no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. Soil organic carbon in surface layer increased significantly after five years of experimentation. Soybean and wheat yields were similar under different treatments during all the years of experimentation. Soybean and wheat planted on raised beds recorded about 17% and 23% higher WUE, respectively, than in flat layout. The net returns from SW system were greater in no-tillage and permanent raised beds than with conventional tillage. Both no-tillage and permanent raised bed technologies can be adopted for sustainable crop production in SW rotation in northwest IGP. However, more studies are required representing different soil types and climate conditions for making recommendations for other regions of IGP.

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Combining no-tillage, rice straw mulch and nitrogen fertilizer application to increase the soil carbon balance of upland rice field in northern Benin

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/j.still.2016.05.019 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 163 ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Elliott Ronald Dossou-Yovo ◽

Nicolas Brüggemann ◽

Edward Ampofo ◽

Attanda Mouinou Igue ◽

Naab Jesse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Carbon ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Carbon Balance ◽

Rice Field ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

No Tillage ◽

Straw Mulch

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Agronomic performance of common bean in straw mulch systems and topdressing nitrogen rates in no-tillage

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201562050010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 489-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da Cunha ◽

Fábio Luiz Checchio Mingotte ◽

Antonio Carlos de Almeida Carmeis Carmeis Filho ◽

Fernando Marcelo Chiamolera ◽

Leandro Borges Lemos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

No Tillage ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Common Bean Cultivar ◽

Bean Yield ◽

The Common ◽

Nitrogen Rates

ABSTRACTIn no-tillage systems, straw coverage on soil surface is the key to success, and the choice of crops for rotation is crucial to achieve the sustainability and quality that conservation agriculture requires. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the common bean cultivar IAC Formoso sown in succession to three straw mulch systems (corn alone, corn/Urochloa ruziziensisintercrop and U. ruziziensisalone) and topdress nitrogen rates (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha-1N), at the four-leaf stage, three years after the implementation of no-tillage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block split plot design, with three replications. Common bean highest yields were achieved in succession to U. ruziziensisalone and intercropped with corn. The corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop provided both straw and seed production, allowing for quality no-tillage. Topdressed nitrogen influenced the common bean yield when in succession to corn alone, U. ruziziensisalone and corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop in no-tillage.

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Effects of Straw Mulching and Tillage Measures on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Maize Leaves

Transactions of the ASABE ◽

10.13031/trans.13235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 851-858

Author(s):

Jilong Liu ◽

Lu Liu ◽

Qiang Fu ◽

Lingling Zhang ◽

Jiawen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Light Response ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

No Tillage ◽

Straw Mulching ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Maize Leaves ◽

Different Growth Stages

Abstract. This study investigated the response mechanisms of maize leaf photosynthetic characteristics to straw mulching and tillage measures in the black soil region of northeast China. Five treatments were established based on tillage and the average straw mulch yield from prior years (6500 kg ha-1): conventional tillage with no straw mulching (CK), conventional tillage with 1.0-fold (6500 kg ha-1) mulching (CM1), no tillage with 0.5-fold (3250 kg ha-1) mulching (NM0.5), no tillage with 1.0-fold (6500 kg ha-1) mulching (NM1), and no tillage with 1.5-fold (9750 kg ha-1) mulching (NM1.5). The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and light response curves of maize leaves were determined and compared between the treatments with different straw mulching amounts and farming methods and between different growth stages. The photosynthetic capacity of maize leaves was greater under NM1.5 than under the other treatments except at the V6 growth stage, and the increase in yield was the most obvious effect. The photosynthetic capacity of maize leaves can be improved by increasing the quantity of straw mulch. The photosynthesis of maize was affected by nonstomatal factors at different growth stages, and straw mulching reduced the negative effects of nonstomatal factors on the photosynthesis of maize leaves. Based on a light response model of the photosynthetic rate, the maximum net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, and apparent quantum efficiency increased as the straw mulch quantity increased, and the magnitude of the increase was greatest between the 1.0-fold and 0.5-fold straw mulching treatments. This finding indicated that straw mulching can increase the adaptability of maize to strong light and improve the efficiency of maize under weak light; moreover, the NM1.5 treatment led to the greatest improvement in the light response characteristics of maize leaves. Keywords: Photosynthetic characteristic, Photosynthetic light response curve, Straw mulching, Tillage measure.

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