Comprehensive analysis of industrial-scale heating plants based on different biomass slow pyrolysis technologies: Product property, energy balance, and ecological impact

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the development of the global energy market, highlights the key stages and gives their distinctive characteristics. Steady tendencies of each stage are revealed taking into account the dynamics and structure of changes in the fuel and energy balance at the level of macroregions and individual countries. It is shown that the dynamics and structure of the use of various energy carriers is uneven throughout the continuation of the development of human society. Particular attention is paid to the greening of the economy, the study of the causes and consequences of increased CO2 emissions, the impact on the economy.

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Rotary Kiln Slow Pyrolysis for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste: Part 2 — Introducing Product Yields in the Energy Balance

Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Environmental and Regulatory Affairs ◽

10.1115/gt2006-90819 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Fantozzi ◽

Simone Colantoni ◽

Pietro Bartocci ◽

Umberto Desideri

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Residence Time ◽

Rotary Kiln ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Screw Conveyor ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Time Part ◽

The University ◽

Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽

Solid Motion

A micro scale electrically heated rotary kiln for slow pyrolysis of biomass and waste was designed and built at the University of Perugia. The reactor is connected to a scrubbing section, for tar removal, and to a monitored combustion chamber to evaluate the LHV of the syngas. The system allows the evaluation of gas, tar and char yields for different pyrolysis temperature and residence time. The feeding screw conveyor and the kiln are rigidly connected; therefore a modification of the flow rate implies a modification of the inside solid motion and of residence time. Part I of the paper describes the theoretical and experimental evaluation of the working envelope of the reactor, as a function of feedstock density and humidity content, to obtain pyrolysis conditions inside the kiln. This paper describes the development and resolution of an energy balance of the reactor under pyrolysis conditions. Once the rotational speed n is fixed, the aim of the balance is to obtain the composition of the yields of the pyrolysis of wood biomass, in terms of syngas, tar and char. Results can be used to choose the correct rotational speed before doing the real pyrolysis test.

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Rotary Kiln Slow Pyrolysis for Syngas and Char Production From Biomass and Waste — Part II: Introducing Product Yields in the Energy Balance

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power ◽

10.1115/1.2720539 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 129 (4) ◽

pp. 908-913 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Francesco Fantozzi ◽

Simone Colantoni ◽

Pietro Bartocci ◽

Umberto Desideri

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Residence Time ◽

Rotary Kiln ◽

Rotational Speed ◽

Screw Conveyor ◽

Slow Pyrolysis ◽

Wet Scrubbing ◽

Time Part ◽

The University ◽

Pyrolysis Of Biomass

A microscale electrically heated rotary kiln for slow pyrolysis of biomass and waste was designed and built at the University of Perugia. The reactor is connected to a wet scrubbing section, for tar removal, and to a monitored combustion chamber to evaluate the lower heating value of the syngas. The system allows the evaluation of gas, tar, and char yields for different pyrolysis temperature and residence time. The feeding screw conveyor and the kiln are rigidly connected; therefore a modification of the flow rate implies a modification of the inside solid motion and of residence time. Part I of the paper describes the theoretical and experimental evaluation of the working envelope of the reactor, that is, rotational speed as a function of feedstock density and humidity content, to obtain pyrolysis conditions inside the kiln. This paper describes the development and resolution of an energy balance of the reactor under pyrolysis conditions. Once the rotational speed n is fixed, the aim of the balance is to obtain the yield of wood biomass pyrolysis products such as syngas, tar, and char. Results can be used to choose the correct rotational speed of kiln and feeding screw before doing the real pyrolysis test.

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Effects of Ambipolar Diffusion on Prominence Thread Models

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100025513 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. G. Rovira ◽

J. M. Fontenla ◽

J.-C. Vial ◽

P. Gouttebroze

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Transition Region ◽

Ambipolar Diffusion ◽

Line Profiles ◽

Balance Equations ◽

Model Calculations ◽

Partial Frequency ◽

Frequency Redistribution ◽

Partial Frequency Redistribution ◽

Theoretical Structure

AbstractWe have improved previous model calculations of the prominence-corona transition region including the effect of the ambipolar diffusion in the statistical equilibrium and energy balance equations. We show its influence on the different parameters that characterize the resulting prominence theoretical structure. We take into account the effect of the partial frequency redistribution (PRD) in the line profiles and total intensities calculations.

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Influence of Magnetic Fields on Solar Hydrodynamics: Experimental Results

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110005329x ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 143-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J.O. Stenflo

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Magnetic Fields ◽

Solar Atmosphere ◽

General Problem ◽

Solar Rotation ◽

Active Regions ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Dynamic Phenomena

It is well-known that solar activity is basically caused by the Interaction of magnetic fields with convection and solar rotation, resulting in a great variety of dynamic phenomena, like flares, surges, sunspots, prominences, etc. Many conferences have been devoted to solar activity, including the role of magnetic fields. Similar attention has not been paid to the role of magnetic fields for the overall dynamics and energy balance of the solar atmosphere, related to the general problem of chromospheric and coronal heating. To penetrate this problem we have to focus our attention more on the physical conditions in the ‘quiet’ regions than on the conspicuous phenomena in active regions.

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