Application of the German food based dietary guidelines for infants, children and adolescents to estimate the consequences of vegetarian and vegan dietary restrictions on vitamin b12 intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S734
Author(s):  
H. Kalhoff ◽  
M. Kersting ◽  
K. Jansen ◽  
T. Lücke
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
German Food

German food composition database for dietary evaluations in children and adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Sichert-Hellert ◽  
Mathilde Kersting ◽  
Christa Chahda ◽  
Ruth Schäfer ◽  
Anja Kroke
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
German Food

scholarly journals Biomarkers of Micronutrients in Regular Follow-Up for Tyrosinemia Type 1 and Phenylketonuria Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimber van Vliet ◽  
Iris L. Rodenburg ◽  
Willem G. van Ginkel ◽  
Charlotte M.A. Lubout ◽  
Bruce H.R. Wolffenbuttel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Restrictions ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
Tyrosinemia Type 1

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is treated with dietary restrictions and sometimes tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). PKU patients are at risk for developing micronutrient deficiencies, such as vitamin B12 and folic acid, likely due to their diet. Tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1) is similar to PKU in both pathogenesis and treatment. TT1 patients follow a similar diet, but nutritional deficiencies have not been investigated yet. In this retrospective study, biomarkers of micronutrients in TT1 and PKU patients were investigated and outcomes were correlated to dietary intake and anthropometric measurements from regular follow-up measurements from patients attending the outpatient clinic. Data was analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s exact and Spearman correlation tests. Furthermore, descriptive data were used. Overall, similar results for TT1 and PKU patients (with and without BH4) were observed. In all groups high vitamin B12 concentrations were seen rather than B12 deficiencies. Furthermore, all groups showed biochemical evidence of vitamin D deficiency. This study shows that micronutrients in TT1 and PKU patients are similar and often within the normal ranges and that vitamin D concentrations could be optimized.

scholarly journals Association of the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) Score of Children Enrolled in School Lunch and Breakfast Program and Frequency of Meals at School: NHANES 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 278-278
Author(s):  
Kavitha Shankaranarayanan ◽  
Derek Miketinas
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
School Lunch ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
School Meals ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Texas Woman's University ◽  
School Breakfast

Abstract Objectives Nutritious and well-balanced school meals are critical to curbing the obesity epidemic in school-aged children while also providing adequate nutrition to sustain healthy growth and development. The school lunch program underwent a significant revamp in 2012 to align the menu with the US Dietary Guidelines. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a metric that measures this alignment. The purpose of this study is to calculate usual HEI scores for children and compare HEI scores across frequency of school meals consumed using NHANES 2015–2016. Methods Children 18y and younger were included in the analyses and categorized into one of five groups for breakfast and lunch, each. Either consuming no school breakfast/lunch or consuming school breakfast/lunch 1–5 times daily. Usual HEI scores and standard errors were determined using the NCI method. Independent samples t-tests were computed for pairwise comparisons between no school breakfast/lunch consumption and increasing frequency of consumption. All analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results Mean HEI scores for children consuming 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 school breakfasts per week was 44.7 ± 0.8, 44 ± 1.9, 41.4 ± 2.4, 43.9 ± 1.4, 40.8 ± 2.3, 42.7 ± 1.0 and the mean HEI score for children consuming 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 lunches per week was 44.7 ± 0.8, 46.7 ± 0.8, 42.3 ± 2.5, 45.0 ± 0.9, 46.1 ± 0.9, 43.3 ± 0.8, respectively. These results indicate that there are no significant differences across children who consumed these meals at various frequencies with those that do not consume school meals. Although there were no observed differences, overall diet quality was poor for those who do and do not consume school breakfast/lunch. Conclusions Although children and adolescents who consumed school breakfast/lunch did not appear to have greater diet quality than those who did not, overall diet quality was poor for all groups. Therefore, additional efforts are needed to improve diet quality in children and adolescents. Funding Sources Texas Woman's University.

Functional vitamin B12 deficiency in phenylketonuria patients and healthy controls: An evaluation with combined indicator of vitamin B12 status as a biochemical index

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-299
Author(s):  
Merve Akış ◽  
Melis Kant ◽  
İshak Işık ◽  
Pelin Teke Kısa ◽  
Engin Köse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Biochemical Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B12 Deficiency

Background Vitamin B12 deficiency frequently appears in phenylketonuria patients having a diet poor in natural protein. The aims of this study were to evaluate vitamin B12 status in phenylketonuria patients by using combined indicator of vitamin B12 status (cB12) as well as methylmalonic acid and homocysteine, more specific and sensitive markers, in comparison with healthy controls. Methods Fifty-three children and adolescents with phenylketonuria under dietary treatment and 30 healthy controls were assessed cross-sectionally. Serum vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were analysed by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Plasma methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography, respectively. cB12 was calculated by using a formula involving blood parameters. Results Methylmalonic acid and folate concentrations in phenylketonuria group were higher compared with controls. Methylmalonic acid concentrations were high in 56.5% of the patients and 26.7% of the controls with normal vitamin B12 concentrations. Based on cB12, a significant difference within the normal values was detected between the groups. However, although 24.5% of phenylketonuria patients and 13.3% of controls had decreased vitamin B12 status according to cB12, there was no significant difference. Conclusion Children and adolescents with phenylketonuria having a strict diet can be at risk of functional vitamin B12 deficiency. This deficiency can be accurately determined by measuring methylmalonic acid concentrations. Calculation of cB12 as a biochemical index did not provide additional information compared with the measurement of methylmalonic acid alone, but may be helpful for classification of some patients with increased methylmalonic acid as having adequate vitamin B12 status.

scholarly journals Contribution of genetic ancestry and polygenic risk score in meeting vitamin B12 needs in healthy Brazilian children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alessandro Fuzo ◽  
Fábio da Veiga Ued ◽  
Sofia Moco ◽  
Ornella Cominetti ◽  
Sylviane Métairon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Ancestry ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Local Ancestry ◽  
Brazilian Children

AbstractPolymorphisms in genes related to the metabolism of vitamin B12 haven’t been examined in a Brazilian population. To (a) determine the correlation between the local genetic ancestry components and vitamin B12 levels using ninety B12-related genes; (b) determine associations between these genes and their SNPs with vitamin B12 levels; (c) determine a polygenic risk score (PRS) using significant variants. This cross-sectional study included 168 children and adolescents, aged 9–13 years old. Total cobalamin was measured in plasma. Genotyping arrays and whole exome data were combined to yield ~ 7000 SNPs in 90 genes related to vitamin B12. The Efficient Local Ancestry Inference was used to estimate local ancestry for African (AFR), Native American, and European (EUR). The association between the genotypes and vitamin B12 levels were determined with generalized estimating equation. Vitamin B12 levels were driven by positive (EUR) and negative (AFR, AMR) correlations with genetic ancestry. A set of 36 variants were used to create a PRS that explained 42% of vitamin level variation. Vitamin B12 levels are influenced by genetic ancestry and a PRS explained almost 50% of the variation in plasma cobalamin in Brazilian children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Delineating the Nutritional Contribution of Animal Protein to Total Intakes Among Adults in the US

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 404-404
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fanelli ◽  
Kristen Heitman ◽  
Peter Madril ◽  
Christopher Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cured Meats ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Objectives Recent health recommendations emphasize plant proteins and limiting animal proteins. Animal-based protein foods contribute to key micronutrient intakes beyond protein, such as zinc, iron, and vitamin B12. This study aimed to identify the contributions of foods containing meat, poultry, or seafood (MPS) in comparison to the day's total intakes. Methods Complete dietary data via 24-hour recalls from the 2005–2018 NHANES were analyzed among adults aged >19 years (n = 35,309). The Food and Nutrients Database for Dietary Studies and Food Patterns Equivalents Database were used to estimate nutrient intakes and food categories, respectively. Foods containing MPS were identified as those that included meats, cured meats, organ meats, poultry, and seafood. The contribution of nutrients from all foods containing MPS were aggregated for each participant. Nutrient intakes from the total day and from MPS intakes were assessed for the total population, as well as across sex and age categories (20–35, 36–50, 51–70, 71 + years). Data were weighted to produce nationally representative estimates of nutrient intakes. Results Over half of dietary protein consumed on the day of intake originated from foods containing MPS in all groups besides adults aged 71 years and older (48%). MPS foods contributed to the majority (>50%) of cholesterol, selenium, vitamin B12, niacin, zinc, and lycopene intakes, and moderately (>30%) contributed to sodium, choline, unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, phosphorus, vitamins B1 and B6, and iron intakes. On average, males consumed greater quantities and proportions of both total protein and MPS-specific protein foods, with a greater % of the day's micronutrient intakes from MPS foods. Conclusions While recent recommendations have emphasized the consumption of plant proteins, the nutritional contribution of MPS foods to total dietary intakes indicates a greater role in nutritional intakes than protein. MPS containing foods served as key contributors to essential nutrients. Promoting dietary guidelines that reduce the consumption of these foods should account for the intakes of such nutrients in making targeted efforts to balance nutritional status with other foci of health and disease. Funding Sources This research was supported by the Beef Checkoff program.

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