Novel and traditional anthropometric indices for identifying arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults

Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a novel biomediator of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the effects of hyperglycemia on EVs in humans is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) would promote changes in EVs in relation to CVD risk. Twenty-five obese adults (Age: 52.4 ± 3.2 year, BMI: 32.5 ± 1.2 kg/m2) were screened for normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 8) and prediabetes (PD, n = 17) using American Diabetes Association criteria (75 g OGTT and/or HbA1c). Body composition (bioelectrical impedance) and fitness (VO2peak) were measured. Arterial stiffness (augmentation index; AIx) was measured at 0, 60- and 120-min while insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids were evaluated every 30 min during the OGTT to assess CVD risk. Annexin V positive (AV+) and Annexin V negative (AV-) total EVs, platelet EVs (CD31+/CD41+; CD41+), leukocyte EVs (CD45+; CD45+/CD41−), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM) (CD31+) and endothelial EVs (CD 31+/CD41−; CD105+) were collected at 0 and 120 min. There were no differences in age, BMI, or body fat between NGT and PD (all P > 0.63). Total EVs, AV+ CD31+ (PECAM), and AV+ CD31+/CD41- (endothelial) EVs decreased after the OGTT (P ≤ 0.04). Circulating insulin at 2-h correlated with elevated post-prandial AV- CD45+ (r = 0.48, P = 0.04) while arterial stiffness related to reduced total EVs (r = −0.49, P = 0.03) and AV+CD41+ (platelet) (r = −0.52, P = 0.02). An oral glucose load lowers post-prandial total, platelet, and endothelial EVs in obese adults with NGT and prediabetes in relation to CVD risk.

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T-005 ELEVATED BLOOD PRESSURE IS THE MAJOR DETERMINANT FOR INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN OBESE ADULTS

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000408129.80308.7f ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. e52

Author(s):

Thung-Lip Lee ◽

Chin-Feng Hsuan ◽

Ya-Feng Pan ◽

Wei-Kung Tseng ◽

Chih-Kun Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Major Determinant ◽

Elevated Blood Pressure ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Obese Adults

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Impact of Hot Yoga on Arterial Stiffness and Quality of Life in Overweight/Obese Adults

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1360-1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Stacy D. Hunter ◽

Mandeep S. Dhindsa ◽

Emily Cunningham ◽

Takashi Tarumi ◽

Mohammed Alkatan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Well Being ◽

Normal Body Mass Index ◽

Obese Adults ◽

The Impact

Background:Obesity is associated with arterial stiffening and diminished quality of life. Bikram yoga may be a feasible alternative to traditional exercise among obese individuals. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Bikram yoga, a heated style of hatha yoga, on arterial stiffness in normal and overweight/obese adults.Methods:Forty-three (23 normal body mass index or BMI; 20 overweight/obese) apparently healthy participants completed an 8-week Bikram yoga intervention. Body composition was estimated via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, arterial stiffness was measured via brachialankle pulse wave velocity, and health-related quality of life was assessed via RAND 36-Item Short Form survey at baseline and at the end of the 8-week intervention.Results:After the intervention, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity decreased (P < .05) in overweight/obese participants while no such changes were observed in normal BMI participants. In the quality of life measures, emotional well-being improved (P < .05) in both groups, and general health improved (P < .05) only in the normal weight BMI group.Conclusion:Bikram yoga ameliorates arterial stiffness in overweight/obese adults and can positively impact quality of life regardless of BMI.

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Long-term magnesium supplementation improves arterial stiffness in overweight and obese adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.3945/ajcn.116.131466 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 103 (5) ◽

pp. 1260-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Peter J Joris ◽

Jogchum Plat ◽

Stephan JL Bakker ◽

Ronald P Mensink

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Intervention Trial ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Magnesium Supplementation ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo

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Combined moderate and high intensity exercise with dietary restriction improves cardiac autonomic function associated with a reduction in central and systemic arterial stiffness in obese adults: a clinical trial

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3900 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Min Hu ◽

Shen Wang ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Qinhao Lai ◽

Xiaoying Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Obese Adults ◽

Diet And Exercise ◽

Low Frequency Power ◽

Normalized Units ◽

Frequency Power ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Activity

Objective The present study aimed to assess the effects of exercise with dietary restriction on cardiac autonomic activity, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular biomarkers in obese individuals. Methods Seventeen obese adults completed an 8-week exercise and dietary program. Anthropometry, body composition, and multiple biochemical markers were measured. We used carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), central blood pressure, and augmentation index (AIx) to assess arterial stiffness. To determine cardiac autonomic activity, heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed by standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD), total power (TF), low-frequency power in normalized units (LFnu), high-frequency power in normalized units (HFnu), and low-frequency power/high-frequency power (LF/HF). Results Following the exercise and diet intervention, obese subjects had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, brachial systolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate, and they had shown improvements in blood chemistry markers such as lipid profiles, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. There was a significant reduction in both cfPWV and baPWV following the intervention when compared to baseline levels. Moreover, the AIx and aortic systolic blood pressure were significantly reduced after the intervention. The diet and exercise intervention significantly increased cardiac autonomic modulation (determined by improved SDNN, RMSSD, TP LF, HF, and LF/HF), which was partly due to changes in heart rate, insulin resistance, and the inflammatory pattern. Furthermore, we observed a correlation between enhanced cardiac autonomic modulation (LF/HF) and decreased arterial stiffness, as measured by central cfPWV and systemic baPWV. Discussion An 8-week combined intervention of diet and exercise is effective in improving cardiac autonomic function in obese adults, with an associated decrease in central and systemic arterial stiffness.

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Evaluation of non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters and their relationship with physical activity, anthropometric indices and lipid profiles in healthy middle-aged adults: results of the PERSIAN cohort study

10.22541/au.160960295.57089074/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Nosrati-Oskouie ◽

Sajjad Arefinia ◽

Saeed Eslami Hasan Abadi ◽

Abdolreza Norouzy ◽

Hamed Khedmatgozar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Middle Aged Adults

Background: Arterial stiffness (AS) indicates the initial stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which associated with modifiable and lifestyle risk factors. We aimed to examine the association of AS with anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, and physical activity. Methods: 658 healthy middle-aged adults selected and anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), neck circumferences (NC), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body-fat mass (BFM), visceral-fat, fat-free mass(FFM), lipid profiles, and PA were measured. Arterial Stiffness measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and central augmentation index (cAIx). Results: Our results show, cf-PWV positively associated with TGs (β = 0.10, p = 0.01) and in anthropometric indices corelated with, WC (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), WHR (β = 0.09, p = 0.03), WHtR (β = 0.1, p = 0.02), and BRI (β = 0.09, p = 0.04). cAIx was independently positive association with cholesterol (β = 0.08, p = 0.03), WC (β = 0.1, p = 0.03), WHR (β = 0.09, p = 0.02), ABSI (β = 0.09, p = 0.01), BRI (β = 0.08, p = 0.05), visceral-fat area (β = 0.09, p = 0.03) and BFM (β = 0.08, p = 0.04) and negatively associated with PA (β = -0.08, p = 0.03). Conclusions: WC, WHR, and BRI were associated with both cf-PWV and cAIx. TGs and WHtR associated with cf-PWV, while cAIx was associated with ABSI, so improving these indices may be helpful to prevent CVD.

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Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Obese Children and Adolescents

Acta Medica Marisiensis ◽

10.1515/amma-2015-0090 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duicu Carmen ◽

Mărginean Cristina Oana ◽

Pitea Ana Maria ◽

Melit Lorena Elena

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Children ◽

Night Time ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

The Difference

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate differences regarding 24-hour blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a cohort of office normotensive obese and non-obese children and adolescents, and to evaluate correlations of these parameters with some anthropometric indices. We retrospectively evaluated ABPM records in 71 children (42 boys); 31 obese compared with 40 normal-weight children.Results: Mean 24-hour, day-time and night-time SBP was significantly higher in the obese group than in the control group (p <0.01 during the entire period). Significantly higher AASI values were found in obese children compared to controls (0.45 vs. 0.41, p <0.05), the difference being more obvious for day-time AASI (p <0.001).Conclusions: This research confirms that SBP and AASI are increased in obese children. AASI is a useful index of arterial stiffness that can be easily measured under ambulatory circumstances in children.

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