Urinary magnesium predicts risk of cardiovascular disease in Chronic Kidney Disease stage 1–4 patients

Background Chronic kidney disease accelerates both atherosclerosis and arterial calcification. The aim of the present study was to explore whether maximal carotid plaque thickness (cPTmax) was increased in patients with chronic kidney disease compared to controls and associated with cardiovascular disease and severity of calcification in the carotid and coronary arteries. Methods The study group consisted of 200 patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 from the Copenhagen Chronic Kidney Disease Cohort and 121 age- and sex-matched controls. cPTmax was assessed by ultrasound and arterial calcification by computed tomography scanning. Results Carotid plaques were present in 58% of patients (n = 115) compared with 40% of controls (n = 48), p = 0.002. Among participants with plaques, cPTmax (median, interquartile range) was significantly higher in patients compared with controls (1.9 (1.4–2.3) versus 1.5 (1.2–1.8) mm), p = 0.001. Cardiovascular disease was present in 9% of patients without plaques (n = 85), 23% of patients with cPTmax 1.0–1.9 mm (n = 69) and 35% of patients with cPTmax >1.9 mm (n = 46), p = 0.001. Carotid and coronary calcium scores >400 were present in 0% and 4%, respectively, of patients with no carotid plaques, in 19% and 24% of patients with cPTmax 1.0–1.9 mm, and in 48% and 53% of patients with cPTmax >1.9 mm, p<0.001. Conclusions This is the first study showing that cPTmax is increased in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 compared to controls and closely associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease and severity of calcification in both the carotid and coronary arteries.

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Comparison of Dipper and Non-Dipper Hypertension Patterns According to Chronic Kidney Disease Stage

Journal Of Nephrology Advances ◽

10.14302/issn.2574-4488.jna-19-3008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 15-23

Author(s):

Esra Turan Erkek ◽

Seydahmet Akin ◽

Yasemin Ozgur ◽

Zeki Aydin ◽

Zerrin Bicik

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Target Organ Damage ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Related Factors ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Female Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stage 1

Introduction Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor. There is a strong relationship between blood pressure (BP) elevation and stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure and mortality due to kidney disease. It is known that the loss of the dipping pattern in hypertension is associated with increased target organ damage. In our study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of dipper hypertension (DHT) and nondipper hypertension (NDHT) and related factors in patients with stage 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods A total of 158 patients diagnosed with stage 1 or stage 2 CKD were included in the study. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, physical examination findings and laboratory results of the patients were recorded. Ambulatory BP monitoring was performed in all patients. Results Of the 158 patients (female n: 98), 78 (49%) were in the stage 1 CKD group and 80 (51%) were in the stage 2 CKD group. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of DHT or NDHT between hypertensive patients in the stage 1 and 2 CKD groups. The rate of NDHT was 59.5% (94/158 patients). Female patients had more DHT in the general population and in the stage 1 group than male patients (p=0.05, p=0.01, respectively). Conclusion No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of DHT or NDHT between hypertensive patients in the stage 1 and 2 CKD groups. The prevalence of DHT in female patients was significantly higher in both groups than in men in both groups, but especially in the stage 1 CKD group.

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Cost to government and society of chronic kidney disease stage 1-5: a national cohort study

Internal Medicine Journal ◽

10.1111/imj.12797 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 741-747 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

M. L. R. Wyld ◽

C. M. Y. Lee ◽

X. Zhuo ◽

S. White ◽

J. E. Shaw ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Disease Stage ◽

National Cohort ◽

Stage 1

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S100A12 Gene Expression Is Increased in Peripheral Leukocytes in Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 4-5 Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

Nephron Clinical Practice ◽

10.1159/000353808 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 123 (3-4) ◽

pp. 202-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masaki Hara ◽

Minoru Ando ◽

Taku Morito ◽

Hirohiko Nokiba ◽

Yuko Iwasa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Peripheral Leukocytes

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Association between serum magnesium levels and abdominal aorta calcification in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease stage 5

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253592

Author(s):

Mayumi Ito ◽

Makoto Yamaguchi ◽

Takayuki Katsuno ◽

Hironobu Nobata ◽

Shiho Iwagaitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease Stage ◽

Magnesium Level ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Serum Magnesium Level ◽

The Relationship

Background Several studies have revealed the relationship between serum magnesium levels and vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients. Despite excellent predictability of abdominal aorta calcification for cardiovascular disease events, the relationship between serum magnesium levels and abdominal aorta calcification, as evaluated by quantitative methods, in pre-dialysis patients remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the abdominal aorta calcification volume using computerized tomography and its association with serum magnesium levels in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients. Methods This single-center cross-sectional study included 100 consecutive patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease stage 5 between January 2016 and May 2020 at Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan. The relationships between serum magnesium levels and the abdominal aorta calcification volume were assessed using multiple linear regression models after adjusting for clinically relevant factors. We also assessed clinical factors that affect serum magnesium levels. Results The mean serum magnesium level was 2.0 mg/dL (interquartile range, 1.8 to 2.3). Multivariate analyses revealed that a higher serum magnesium level (stand. β = -0.245, p = 0.010) was significantly associated with a reduced abdominal aorta calcification volume, and that a history of cardiovascular disease (stand. β = 0.3792, p < 0.001) and older age (stand. β = 0.278, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with an increased abdominal aorta calcification volume. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that the use of proton pump inhibitor or potassium-competitive acid blocker was significantly associated with lower serum magnesium levels (stand. β = -0.246, p = 0.019). Conclusions The present study revealed that the higher Mg level was significantly associated with lower volume of abdominal aorta calcification in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients. Further studies should be undertaken to determine the appropriate magnesium level to suppress vascular calcification.

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