Sarcopenic obesity and its association with respiratory disease incidence and mortality – Authors’ reply

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2520
Author(s):  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Stuart R. Gray ◽  
Jill P. Pell ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Association between severe sarcopenic obesity and respiratory incidence and mortality: an obesity paradox.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Stuart R. Gray ◽  
Jill P. Pell ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionObesity remains one of the biggest health challenges worldwide. Sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle strength, is associated with a higher risk of disability and lower quality of life. Both conditions can occur independently of each other; however, share a common inflammatory pathway, leading to serious health problems. Previous studies have shown a positive association between severe sarcopenia and respiratory disease incidence/mortality, however, it is unclear if this association is modified by obesity. The aim of this work, therefore, was to investigate the association of severe sarcopenia and severe sarcopenic-obesity with respiratory incidence and mortality in the UK Biobank cohort.Material and methods242,572 white participants from the UK biobank study were included. Severe sarcopenia was defined as the combination of low muscle mass, low grip strength and slow gait speed. Severe sarcopenic-obesity was defined, using 3 different criteria. The combination of severe sarcopenia plus at least one of the following criteria: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, waist circumference (WC) > 88 cm in women and > 102 cm in men, or the two highest quintiles of body fat (60%). Associations between severe sarcopenic and severe sarcopenic-obesity and respiratory incidence and mortality were investigated using Cox-proportional hazard models.ResultsIn people without sarcopenia, high BMI, WC and body fat were associated with a reduced risk of respiratory disease mortality (HR: 0.70 [0.52; 0.85], HR: 0.74 [95%CI: 062: 088] and HR: 0.74 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.88], respectively). In comparison to people without sarcopenia or obesity, those with severe sarcopenia had three times higher risk of respiratory disease incidence (HR: 3.13 [95%CI: 2.25; 4.35]) and five times higher risk of mortality (HR: 5.37 [95%CI: 2.96: 9.74]). However, sarcopenic-obesity, based on WC and body fat, was only associated with a moderately increased respiratory disease incidence (HR 1.60 [95%CI: 1.04; 2.46] and HR: 1.52 [1.04: 2.22], respectively). There were no associations between respiratory mortality and sarcopenic-obesity.DiscussionHigher levels of adiposity may be a protective factor against respiratory mortality and could reduce the effect of severe sarcopenia over this disease. However, the mechanism behind this association needs to elucidate.

scholarly journals Sarcopenic obesity and its association with respiratory disease incidence and mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3461-3466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanny Petermann-Rocha ◽  
Shuai Yang ◽  
Stuart R. Gray ◽  
Jill P. Pell ◽  
Carlos Celis-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Meningococcal disease epidemiology in Australia 10 years after implementation of a national conjugate meningococcal C immunization programme

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2382-2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. LAWRENCE ◽  
H. WANG ◽  
M. LAHRA ◽  
R. BOOY ◽  
P. B. McINTYRE
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Immunization Programme ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Vaccine Failures

SUMMARYAustralia implemented conjugate meningococcal C immunization in 2003 with a single scheduled dose at age 12 months and catch-up for individuals aged 2–19 years. Several countries have recently added one or more booster doses to their programmes to maintain disease control. Australian disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data were used to assess longer term vaccine coverage and impact on invasive serogroup C disease incidence and mortality, and review vaccine failures. Coverage was 93% in 1-year-olds and 70% for catch-up cohorts. In 10 years, after adjusting for changes in diagnostic practices, population invasive serogroup C incidence declined 96% (95% confidence interval 94–98) to 0·4 and 0·6 cases/million in vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts, respectively. Only three serogroup C deaths occurred in 2010–2012vs.68 in 2000–2002. Four (<1/million doses) confirmed vaccine failures were identified in 10 years with no increasing trend. Despite published evidence of waning antibody over time, an ongoing single dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine in the second year of life following widespread catch-up has resulted in near elimination of serogroup C disease in all age groups without evidence of vaccine failures in the first decade since introduction. Concurrently, serogroup B incidence declined independently by 55%.

scholarly journals Disease Prevalence, Disease Incidence, and Mortality in the United States and in England

Demography ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (S) ◽  
pp. S211-S231 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Banks ◽  
Alastair Muriel ◽  
James P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

scholarly journals Impact of insecticide resistance in Anopheles arabiensis on malaria incidence and prevalence in Sudan and the costs of mitigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (52) ◽  
pp. E11267-E11275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hmooda Toto Kafy ◽  
Bashir Adam Ismail ◽  
Abraham Peter Mnzava ◽  
Jonathan Lines ◽  
Mogahid Shiekh Eldin Abdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Resistance ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
The Impact

Insecticide-based interventions have contributed to ∼78% of the reduction in the malaria burden in sub-Saharan Africa since 2000. Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors could presage a catastrophic rebound in disease incidence and mortality. A major impediment to the implementation of insecticide resistance management strategies is that evidence of the impact of resistance on malaria disease burden is limited. A cluster randomized trial was conducted in Sudan with pyrethroid-resistant and carbamate-susceptible malaria vectors. Clusters were randomly allocated to receive either long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) alone or LLINs in combination with indoor residual spraying (IRS) with a pyrethroid (deltamethrin) insecticide in the first year and a carbamate (bendiocarb) insecticide in the two subsequent years. Malaria incidence was monitored for 3 y through active case detection in cohorts of children aged 1 to <10 y. When deltamethrin was used for IRS, incidence rates in the LLIN + IRS arm and the LLIN-only arm were similar, with the IRS providing no additional protection [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–3.0; P = 0.96)]. When bendiocarb was used for IRS, there was some evidence of additional protection [interaction IRR = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.40–0.76; P < 0.001)]. In conclusion, pyrethroid resistance may have had an impact on pyrethroid-based IRS. The study was not designed to assess whether resistance had an impact on LLINs. These data alone should not be used as the basis for any policy change in vector control interventions.

scholarly journals Global patterns and trends in the breast cancer incidence and mortality according to sociodemographic indices: an observational study based on the global burden of diseases

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e028461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaimin Hu ◽  
Peili Ding ◽  
Yinan Wu ◽  
Wei Tian ◽  
Tao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Global Burden Of Diseases ◽  
Concentration Indices ◽  
Burden Of Diseases

ObjectivesDisparities in the global burden of breast cancer have been identified. We aimed to investigate recent patterns and trends in the breast cancer incidence and associated mortality. We also assessed breast cancer-related health inequalities according to socioeconomic development factors.DesignAn observational study based on the Global Burden of Diseases.MethodsEstimates of breast cancer incidence and mortality during 1990–2016 were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange database. Subsequently, data obtained in 2016 were described using the age-standardised and age-specific incidence, mortality and mortality-to-incidence (MI) ratios according to sociodemographic index (SDI) levels. Trends were assessed by measuring the annual percent change using the joinpoint regression. The Gini coefficients and concentration indices were used to identify between-country inequalities.ResultsCountries with higher SDI levels had worse disease incidence burdens in 2016, whereas inequalities in the breast cancer incidence had decreased since 1990. Opposite trends were observed in the mortality rates of high and low SDI countries. Moreover, the decreasing concentration indices, some of which became negative, among women aged 15–49 and 50–69 years suggested an increase in the mortality burdens in undeveloped regions. Conversely, inequality related to the MI ratio increased. In 2016, the MI ratios exhibited distinct gradients from high to low SDI regions across all age groups.ConclusionsThe patterns and trends in breast cancer incidence and mortality closely correlated with the SDI levels. Our findings highlighted the primary prevention of breast cancer in high SDI countries with a high disease incidence and the development of cost-effective diagnostic and treatment interventions for low SDI countries with poor MI ratios as the two pressing needs in the next decades.

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