Total protein, not amino acid composition, differs in plant-based versus omnivorous dietary patterns and determines metabolic health effects in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. MacArthur ◽  
Sarah J. Mitchell ◽  
J. Humberto Treviño-Villarreal ◽  
Yohann Grondin ◽  
Justin S. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Metabolic Health

Seed protein sources—Amino acid composition and total protein content of various plant seeds

1959 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Smith ◽  
M. C. Shekleton ◽  
I. A. Wolff ◽  
Quentin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Plant Seeds

scholarly journals SOLUBLE ACIDIC LIPOPROTEINS OF BOVINE NEUROSECRETORY GRANULES RELATION TO NEUROPHYSINS

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 738-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT MYLROIE ◽  
HAROLD KOENIG
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acridine Orange ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Neurosecretory Granules ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Triton X

Purified neurosecretory granules (NG) from bovine neurohypophysis stain metachromatically with acridine orange. NG were sonicated in 0.2% Triton X-100. The soluble protein, 83% of the total protein, was separated by ultracentrifugal flotation in KBr into two lipoprotein (LP) fractions, a high density lipoprotein fraction (HDLP, D < 1.35 g/ml), 37%, and a very high density LP fraction (VHDLP, D > 1.35 g/ml), 63% of the total. The HDLP contained 0.46 mg phospholipid and 0.13 mg cholesterol/mg protein. The VHDLP contained 0.08 mg phospholipid and 0.025 mg cholesterol/mg protein. The amino acid composition of the delipidated LPs resembled that of bovine neurophysins. Disc gel electrophoresis resolved two major and four minor components of identical mobilities in HDLP and VHDLP. The major anodic components, 90% of the protein, and one minor cathodic component were sudanophilic, reduced iodine and stained metachromatically with acridine orange. The NG lysates prepared without detergent or sonication contained 52% of the total protein and phospholipid. The insoluble residue consisted of membrane profiles and had a different lipid and amino acid composition. Gel electrophoretograms of water extracts of NG revealed the same protein components present in Triton X-100 extracts. The major anodic bands and the cathodic band were colored by Sudan black B and iodine and stained metachromatically with acridine orange. Prior extraction of gels with chloroform-methanol (2/1, v/v) abolished these staining reactions. Neurophysins prepared by extraction of acetone-dried tissue with 0.1 N HCl contained about 7% of the phospholipid present in Triton X-100 extracts. Gel electrophoretograms of neurophysins disclosed the same protein constituents seen in Triton X-100 and water extracts of NG. The major components did not stain with Sudan black B or iodine but stained metachromatically with acridine orange due to the presence of residual phospholipid. Neurophysins are essentially apoproteins of these soluble acidic LPs.

scholarly journals Protein Content and Amino Acid Balance of Yams

1969 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
F. W. Martin ◽  
A. E. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

The total protein of 38 yam (Dioscorea) cultivars, as tested by Kjeldahl methods, and their amino acid composition, determined by high temperature hydrolysis and GLC chromatography, are reported. Species and varieties differed in total protein and total amino acid contents. Proteins of four species, but not D. alata, were somewhat low in lysine. Proteins of all species were deficient in sulphur-containing amino acids, methionine, and especially cystine. Varietal differences, however, suggest that cultivars can be selected with more balanced protein.

scholarly journals Amino acid composition of sheep milk from the tsigai breed

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Gercho Gerchev ◽  
Gyurga Mihaylova ◽  
G. Ouzounov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Sheep Milk

The amino acid composition of total protein in sheep milk obtained from ewes of Tsigai breed during the grazing season (April - July) in 2002 was determined. The variation in the amounts of total protein and the dry fat-free residue in the milk produced during the grazing season exercise impact on its amino acid composition. Generally, sheep milk had higher percentage of monoaminocarbonic acids ranging from 13.1% to 13.4%. The total amount of essential amino acids increases proportionally to the changes in the milk composition during the grazing season.

Amino acid composition, protein content and accurate nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor for sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis)

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfen Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Qi ◽  
Xiaobing Dong ◽  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Liqin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Conversion Factor ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Nitrogen

The protein content of plants is commonly estimated by multiplying the total nitrogen content (Kjeldahl; KN) by a nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor of 6.25. This method is based on the incorrect assumption that all nitrogen in the ammonia/ammonium and organic substances in plants is protein nitrogen, usually resulting in overestimation of protein content. We have examined amino acid composition, amino acid nitrogen, total nitrogen (KN), and actual protein content (AP) determined from amino acid residues in 16 accessions of perennial sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvelev). We determined a new nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor, kP, as the ratio of AP to KN, and applied this factor to estimate the total protein content (TP) as KN × kP. The non-protein nitrogen accounted for 40.5% to 62.4% of the total nitrogen. The average kP value was 3.17 overall, 3.20 in the accessions sampled at the jointing stage, and 3.15 in the accessions sampled at the flowering stage. The TP, calculated as KN × 3.17, was about half that of crude protein contents, calculated as KN × 6.25. Our study suggests that the AP-based kP of 3.17 can be used to more accurately estimate the total protein content in sheepgrass.

Preliminary study on the use of different methods for determining the proportion of bacterial nitrogen in the total nitrogen of rumen contents

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anna Nikolić ◽  
M. Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Digestible Energy

SummaryThree different methods have been used to estimate the contribution of bacterial nitrogen to the total nitrogen in rumen digesta from calves receiving ground diets containing different levels of digestible energy and in which part of the nitrogen was supplied as urea. The method based on the ratio of 2, 6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-N to total N for rumen contents and rumen bacteria was not successful because the bacterial fraction isolated from pooled rumen contents contained a similar concentration of DAP to whole rumen digesta. The main source of error in the method based on the nucleic acid N/total non-NH3-N ratio for whole rumen contents and bacteria was probably the variability in the ratio for bacteria growing under different conditions. The method utilizing differences in the amino acid composition of the diets, a bacterial fraction and rumen content estimates bacterial protein rather than bacterial nitrogen. The chief limitation is the different rate of degradation of different dietary proteins. Bearing in mind these limitations calculations by the nucleic acid method gave mean values of 61–94 % bacterial nitrogen in the total nitrogen of rumen contents 3 h after feeding four different diets. Values recorded by the amino acid composition method varied between 66 % and 82 % bacterial protein N in the total protein N of rumen contents. The proportional contribution of bacteria increased as the digestible energy content of the diet was decreased in both cases. However, since the ruminal total protein N concentration fell as the digestible energy content of the diet was reduced, the actual concentration of bacterial protein N decreased with decrease in dietary digestible energy.

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