scholarly journals Synergisms between siloxane-polyoxyethylene and alkyl polyglycoside surfactants in foam stability and pool fire extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 579 ◽  
pp. 123686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramagopal Ananth ◽  
Arthur W. Snow ◽  
Katherine M. Hinnant ◽  
Spencer L. Giles ◽  
John P. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Foam Stability ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Alkyl Polyglycoside ◽  
Fire Extinction

scholarly journals Using secondary resources of sunflower seed processing to create new natural origin surfactants

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
V. Y. Tarasov ◽  
S. S. Korobko
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Glucose Syrup ◽  
Alkyl Polyglycoside

Today great attention is paid to development of advanced technologies for production of ecologically safe, nonpolluting and biodegradable products, including without limitation cosmetic-hygiene detergents and household products. One of the main ingredients in formulation of such products is surfactants. For the purpose of widening of the assortment of such products it is essential to create new types of biodegradable surfactants derived from renewable, as a rule, plant raw materials. The object of this paper is development of technology for production of non-ionic surfactant, alkyl polyglycoside (APG), with improved characteristics on the basis of the alternative plant raw material, sunflower husks, being the waste by-product of sunflower processing, which is the most commonly available raw material in our country. The output of sunflower processing aiming at sunflower oil production is growing year by year and takes the leading place in the oil-and-fat industry, therefore processing of the waste product in the form of husks is of particular interest now. In the course of work the existing technologies of APG production were studied and their shortcomings were identified. According to such technologies alkyl polyglycoside is produced by combining glucose or aqueous syrupy solution of glucose with C10- C16 alcohol. As the sources of starch, from which glucose is produced further, there are used rice, corn, potatoes or wheat. Such products represent no wastes and have rather high production cost. Fatty alcohols are produced from imported palm or coconut oil. The new technology suggested by us is based on usage of the available and cheap raw materials. Glucose syrup is made with the help of the method of hydrolysis of sunflower husks cellulose, and fatty acids are derived from the sunflower processing cycle at the stage of alkali refining of sunflower oil, comprising C16-C18 atoms. Analysis of organoleptic, physical-and-chemical characteristics and evaluation of consumer properties of the resulting alkyl polyglycoside were performed. It was established that according to the suggested method it is possible to produce a non-ionic surfactant with improved detergent (CCM) and foaming power (foam height, foam stability), and also having soft dermatological action. The alkyl polyglycoside, created and produced with the help of our technology, can be used as an alternate substitute of expensive foreign non-ionic surfactants, can be helpful for extension of the assortment of biodegradable foam detergents, nonpolluting and safe for the environment.

Pool fire extinction by remotely controlled application of liquid nitrogen

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiannis A. Levendis ◽  
Michael A. Delichatsios
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Fire Extinction

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EXTINGUISHING POOL FIRE SHELTERED BY BARRIER WITH WATER MIST

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-222
Author(s):  
LIU JIANGHONG ◽  
FANG YUDONG ◽  
LIAO GUANGXUAN ◽  
LIN LIN
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Pool Fire

Experimental Investigation and CFD Simulation of Hydrocarbon Pool Fire

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Pramod C. Ramteke ◽  
Akhilesh Gupta ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
Pawan K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Hydrocarbon Pool

Novel asymmetrical bis-surfactants with naphthalene and two amide groups: Synthesis, foamability and foam stability

2021 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 115534
Author(s):  
Yue Jia ◽  
Xiangfeng Guo ◽  
Lihua Jia ◽  
Zhenlong Zhao ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foam Stability

scholarly journals Impact of tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam stability enhancement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhair AlYousef ◽  
Subhash Ayirala ◽  
Majed Almubarak ◽  
Dongkyu Cha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Foam Generation ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Injection Water ◽  
Foam Stabilization ◽  
Aqueous Ions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGenerating strong and stable foam is necessary to achieve in-depth conformance control in the reservoir. Besides other parameters, the chemistry of injection water can significantly impact foam generation and stabilization. The tailored water chemistry was found to have good potential to improve foam stability. The objective of this study is to extensively evaluate the effect of different aqueous ions in the selected tailored water chemistry formulations on foam stabilization. Bulk and dynamic foam experiments were used to evaluate the impact of different tailored water chemistry aqueous ions on foam generation and stabilization. For bulk foam tests, the stability of foams generated using three surfactants and different aqueous ions was analyzed using bottle tests. For dynamic foam experiments, the tests were conducted using a microfluidic device. The results clearly demonstrated that the ionic content of aqueous solutions can significantly affect foam stabilization. The results revealed that the foam stabilization in bulk is different than that in porous media. Depending on the surfactant type, the divalent ions were found to have stronger influence on foam stabilization when compared to monovalent ions. The bulk foam results pointed out that the aqueous solutions containing calcium chloride salt (CaCl2) showed longer foam life with the anionic surfactant and very weak foam with the nonionic surfactant. The solutions with magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and CaCl2 salts displayed higher impact on foam stability in comparison with sodium chloride (NaCl) with the amphoteric alkyl amine surfactant. Less stable foams were generated with aqueous solutions comprising of both magnesium and calcium ions. In the microfluidic model, the solutions containing MgCl2 showed higher resistance to gas flow and subsequently higher mobility reduction factor for the injection gas when compared to those produced using NaCl and CaCl2 salts. This experimental study focusing about the role of different aqueous ions in the injection water on foam could help in better understanding the foam stabilization process. The new knowledge gained can also enable the selection and optimization of the right injection water chemistry and suitable chemicals for foam field applications.

scholarly journals Effects of Discharge Area and Atomizing Gas Type in Full Cone Twin-Fluid Atomizer on Extinguishing Performance of Heptane Pool Fire under Two Heat Release Rate Conditions in an Enclosed Chamber

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3247
Author(s):  
Dong Hwan Kim ◽  
Chi Young Lee ◽  
Chang Bo Oh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Sauter Mean Diameter ◽  
Discharge Area ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Enclosed Chamber

In this study, the effects of discharge area and atomizing gas type in a twin-fluid atomizer on heptane pool fire-extinguishing performance were investigated under the heat release rate conditions of 1.17 and 5.23 kW in an enclosed chamber. Large and small full cone twin-fluid atomizers were prepared. Nitrogen and air were used as atomizing gases. With respect to the droplet size of water mist, as the water and air flow rates decreased and increased, respectively, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the water mist decreased. The SMD of large and small atomizers were in the range of approximately 12–60 and 12–49 μm, respectively. With respect to the discharge area effect, the small atomizer exhibited a shorter extinguishing time, lower peak surface temperature, and higher minimum oxygen concentration than the large atomizer. Furthermore, it was observed that the effect of the discharge area on fire-extinguishing performance is dominant under certain flow rate conditions. With respect to the atomizing gas type effect, nitrogen and air appeared to exhibit nearly similar extinguishing times, peak surface temperatures, and minimum oxygen concentrations under most flow rate conditions. Based on the present and previous studies, it was revealed that the effect of atomizing gas type on fire-extinguishing performance is dependent on the relative positions of the discharged flow and fire source.

Comparison of fire extinguishing performance of four halon substitutes and Halon 1301

2021 ◽  
pp. 073490412110301
Author(s):  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Gaowan Zou ◽  
Conglin Liu ◽  
Y Gao
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Halon 1301 ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Oil Pool ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The Halon 1301 fixed gas fire extinguishing system used in ship engine rooms has been banned from production all over the world, because halon destroys the ozone layer. Therefore, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly, compatible and efficient alternative firefighting system. In this study, we performed fire extinguishing tests in an ISO9705 standard room for four alternative fire extinguishing agents, as well as Halon 1301. The fire extinguishing efficiency of each agent was determined based on its cooling effect, dilution effect of oxygen concentration, the extinguishing time of the oil pool fire and the re-ignition probability of the wood stack. The test results provide data support for the selection of alternatives of Halon 1301 from the aspect of fire extinguishing efficiency. Among these results, Novec 1230 had the best ability to put out the oil pool fire, and HFC-227ea suppressed the wood stack fire the best. The difference between the cooling ability of each fire extinguishing agent was small, and the inert gas (IG-541) displayed the best ability to dilute oxygen. Hot aerosol required the longest time to extinguish fire. Consequently, under the existing design standards, HFC-227ea had the better firefighting efficiency, more suitable to replace Halon 1301.

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