scholarly journals Using secondary resources of sunflower seed processing to create new natural origin surfactants

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
V. Y. Tarasov ◽  
S. S. Korobko
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Glucose Syrup ◽  
Alkyl Polyglycoside

Today great attention is paid to development of advanced technologies for production of ecologically safe, nonpolluting and biodegradable products, including without limitation cosmetic-hygiene detergents and household products. One of the main ingredients in formulation of such products is surfactants. For the purpose of widening of the assortment of such products it is essential to create new types of biodegradable surfactants derived from renewable, as a rule, plant raw materials. The object of this paper is development of technology for production of non-ionic surfactant, alkyl polyglycoside (APG), with improved characteristics on the basis of the alternative plant raw material, sunflower husks, being the waste by-product of sunflower processing, which is the most commonly available raw material in our country. The output of sunflower processing aiming at sunflower oil production is growing year by year and takes the leading place in the oil-and-fat industry, therefore processing of the waste product in the form of husks is of particular interest now. In the course of work the existing technologies of APG production were studied and their shortcomings were identified. According to such technologies alkyl polyglycoside is produced by combining glucose or aqueous syrupy solution of glucose with C10- C16 alcohol. As the sources of starch, from which glucose is produced further, there are used rice, corn, potatoes or wheat. Such products represent no wastes and have rather high production cost. Fatty alcohols are produced from imported palm or coconut oil. The new technology suggested by us is based on usage of the available and cheap raw materials. Glucose syrup is made with the help of the method of hydrolysis of sunflower husks cellulose, and fatty acids are derived from the sunflower processing cycle at the stage of alkali refining of sunflower oil, comprising C16-C18 atoms. Analysis of organoleptic, physical-and-chemical characteristics and evaluation of consumer properties of the resulting alkyl polyglycoside were performed. It was established that according to the suggested method it is possible to produce a non-ionic surfactant with improved detergent (CCM) and foaming power (foam height, foam stability), and also having soft dermatological action. The alkyl polyglycoside, created and produced with the help of our technology, can be used as an alternate substitute of expensive foreign non-ionic surfactants, can be helpful for extension of the assortment of biodegradable foam detergents, nonpolluting and safe for the environment.

scholarly journals ANALISA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI MINYAK VCO INDUSTRI KECIL WAIPIAH COCONUT DI KEC. TNS KAB. MALUKU TENGAH

Jurnal Soso-Q ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Penina T. Istia ◽  
Hendriette D. Titaley ◽  
Nelda Maelissa
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
The People ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Production Labor

Central Maluku is an agrarian area which has an abundance of agricultural commodities, especially the plantation sub-sector which is a trading activity in Maluku. one of the sub-sectors is coconut plantations. Coconut (CocosNucifera) is a plantation crop that is widespread in almost all regions of Indonesia. Generally, coconut plants are produced into copra which will later be used as raw materials in making coconut cooking oil. The great potential of coconut in the Sub-District of TNS (TeonNilaSerua), opens opportunities for its citizens to develop small businesses in the middle of processing virgin coconut oil (VCO). In fact, VCO produced by the community in Layeni village, Jerili village and Yafila village, is able to penetrate the consumer market even though the VCO oil production results are not widely known and known by the people of Maluku as a whole about the benefits and benefits of CVO oil produced by small business groups in TNS area.VCO production results are not too well known by consumers in the area of order. "The results of the VCO production of small businesses are marketed to the cities of Ambon, Masohi and the surrounding cities, even outside the city of Ambon, if there are advance orders to the producers. The purpose of this research is to find out the relationship between the factors that affect the production of small oil VCO industrinwaipiah coconut. The research was carried out by means of observation and interviews and conducting VCO oil production experiments. The observations are recorded, observed and analyzed using multiple regression analysis. The results obtained are the multiple regression equation is as follows: Y = 4,936 +, 063X1 +, 005X2 + (-, 522) X3 + (-, 0.49) X4. X1 = 0,000 Sig <0.05 or t arithmetic 9,928> t table 2,365, then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted, X2 = 0.075> 0.05 or 2,086 <t table 2,365 then H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, X3 = 0.028 <0 , 05 or t arithmetic -1.387 <t table 2.365 then H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected, X4 = 0.409 <0.05 or t arithmetic -0.887> t table 2.365 thus H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The raw material X1 sig 0,000 <0.05 has an impact on VCO oil production. Capital X2 sig value 0.75> 0.05 no impact on VCO oil production, Labor X3 sig value 0.208 <0.05 impact on VCO oil production, Entrepreneurship X4 sig value 0.409 <0.05 impact on VCO oil production value.Keywords: Raw materials, capital, labor, entrepreneurship in coconut oil production VCO coconut waipia TNS

scholarly journals A Review of Nigerian Potential Hop Substitutes in Beer Brewing: 1983-2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-73
Author(s):  
Vincent Nwalieji Okafor ◽  
Ifeyinwa Blessing Tabugbo ◽  
Regina Igwe Anyalebechi ◽  
Ugochukwu Wilson Okafor ◽  
Joy Ngozika Obiefuna
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Material Sources

The Nigerian economy depended mainly on crude oil during the era of oil boom of 1973 which lasted up till1983. Agriculture was grossly neglected by successive governments. Following the economic recession that occurred years after and due to fall in crude oil price, the Nigerian government began to advocate for economic diversification. Consequently, agriculture became the area of interest and priority for industrial raw material sources. Unfortunately, Nigeria had imbibed the tradition of importing raw materials for all her industrial productions thereby creating unfavourable balance of trade between Nigeria and her foreign trading partners thus resulting in increase in the prices of finished products. Beer production is not exempted from the price increase since its raw materials are equally imported with their attendant problems on Nigeria’s foreign exchange. One of such raw materials is hops. The hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a perennial dioecious climbing plant of hemp (cannabis) family and belonging to the order (urticales) which are grown in the temperate regions of the world, solely to meet the demand of the brewing industry. Hop extracts give beer its bitter taste, improve foam stability and act as antiseptics towards microorganisms. The quest to substitute hops with some tropical bitter vegetables in Nigeria’s brewing industry dates back to 1983 and since that time, many have compared hop extracts with those of Nigerian bitter plants such as Garcinia kola, Azadirachta indica, Vernonia amygdalina and Gongronema latifolium. This review takes a critical look on the efforts made so far since 1983 in investigating the potentiality of using Nigerian bitter plant extracts as suitable substitute for those of hop in the Nigerian brewing industry with special emphasis on Gas Chromatography Mass–Spectrometry (GC–MS) and Gas Chromatography–Flame Ionization Detector (GC–FID) techniques. It was concluded that none of the Nigerian plants has perfect potential as suitable substitute for hops in the Nigerian brewing industry. Consequently, further research efforts in the area of mixtures/blends of extract of plant species which mimic hop taste is strongly recommended. 

scholarly journals Determination of Foam Stability in Lager Beers Using Digital Image Analysis of Images Obtained Using RGB and 3D Cameras

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Karlo Nyarko ◽  
Hrvoje Glavaš ◽  
Kristina Habschied ◽  
Krešimir Mastanjević
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
3D Camera

Foam stability and retention is an important indicator of beer quality and freshness. A full, white head of foam with nicely distributed small bubbles of CO2 is appealing to the consumers and the crown of the production process. However, raw materials, production process, packaging, transportation, and storage have a big impact on foam stability, which marks foam stability monitoring during all these stages, from production to consumer, as very important. Beer foam stability is expressed as a change of foam height over a certain period. This research aimed to monitor the foam stability of lager beers using image analysis methods on two different types of recordings: RGB and depth videos. Sixteen different commercially available lager beers were subjected to analysis. The automated image analysis method based only on the analysis of RGB video images proved to be inapplicable in real conditions due to problems such as reflection of light through glass, autofocus, and beer lacing/clinging, which make it impossible to accurately detect the actual height of the foam. A solution to this problem, representing a unique contribution, was found by introducing the use of a 3D camera in estimating foam stability. According to the results, automated analysis of depth images obtained from a 3D camera proved to be a suitable, objective, repeatable, reliable, and sufficiently sensitive method for measuring foam stability of lager beers. The applied model proved to be suitable for predicting changes in foam retention of lager beers.

Fats and oils as oleochemical raw materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlheinz Hill
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Product Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Price Performance ◽  
Alkyl Polyglycoside ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Derivatives Of

Vegetable oils and fats are important constituents of human and animal foodstuffs. Certain grades are industrially used and, together with carbohydrates and proteins, are important renewable resources compared to fossil and mineral raw materials, whose occurrence is finite. In concepts for new products, the price, performance, and product safety criteria are equally important and have a correspondingly high importance right at the start of product development. To ensure a high degree of product safety for consumers and the environment, renewable resources have often been shown to have advantages when compared with petrochemical raw materials and can therefore be regarded as being the ideal raw material basis. Results from oleochemistry show that the use of vegetable fats and oils allows the development of competitive, powerful products, which are both consumer-friendly and environment-friendly. Recently developed products, which fit this requirement profile, are the anionic surfactants cocomonoglyceride sulfate and the nonionic sugar surfactant alkyl polyglycoside. These products are used especially as mild surfactants in cosmetic formulations. In polymer applications derivatives of oils and fats, such as epoxides, polyols, and dimerizations products based on unsaturated fatty acids, are used as plastic additives or components for composites or polymers like polyamides and polyurethanes. In the lubricant sector fatty acid-based esters have proven to be powerful alternatives to conventional mineral oil products.

scholarly journals Eco-innovative application of phyto-raw materials in the technology of long-term storage of unrefined sunflower oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 04010
Author(s):  
Roza Timakova ◽  
Ruslan Iliukhin
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Term Storage

Along with the development of agroecosystems, environmental friendliness of agricultural and industrial technologies for long-term storage of agricultural products is being formed as a result of cognitive technologies development, including innovations in biotechnologies. Achieving the biological safety of bulk unrefined sunflower oil is based on the addition of an unconventional antioxidant phyto-raw material to it - stinging nettle, which slows down oxidative processes. In order to prevent oil contamination, the optimal dose of ionizing radiation for the nettle treatment is established - up to 1.5 kGr, which ensures microbiological safety and antioxidant activity (AOA) at the level of 0.763 + 0.016 mMeq, comparable to AOA in the untreated nettle samples after 3 months. After 52 days of storage, the acid number was in the range of 0.99-1.15 mg KOH / g, the peroxide number was 5.09-5.16 mmol active oxygen / kg. Adding 0.5-1.0 wt. % nettle powder to the oil ensures the compliance of organoleptic parameters with the established requirements - transparency, taste and smell. Adding 1.0 wt. % nettle powder to the oil slows down the filtration process of the resulting suspension. The practical relevance of the study is determined by the verification of the research results to prolong the oil shelf life by adding environmentally friendly phyto-raw materials to it.

Integrated Rural Energy Centres for Agriculture-Based Economies

1986 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
H B Locke ◽  
S N R Choudhury ◽  
D C D Lecamwasam
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rural Energy ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Coconut Fibre ◽  
Further Development

After supplying (a) food materials (rice, cassava, coconut oil etc.) and (b) industrial products (coconut fibre, rubber, timber etc.) there are left (c) energy raw materials, which are often burnt inefficiently and wrongly thought of as wastes (coir dust, wood chips, bagasse pith etc.) Energy raw materials may be incinerated, or hydrolysed, or digested etc. for industrial purposes. They may also be used as fuels for combustion—in domestic cookers, or for steam raising in industry. Energy efficiency may be improved by briquetting energy raw materials to make them more satisfactory as fuels. In addition, modern methods of gasification of some of the briquettes can make producer gas to fuel small, ordinary internal combustion engines. The power may be mechanical as shaft power, or as electricity for lighting, operating machinery etc. Integrated rural energy centres (IRECs) involve this sequence of drying, briquetting, gasifying some of the briquettes to make power, and using the rest of the briquettes for industry for steam raising instead of the wood or oil that is so often the normal fuel. An alternative possibility, particularly for higher ranges of power generation (about 300–500 kW) is to burn the energy raw material at high efficiency in a fluidized bed combustor (FBC), and make use of the hot gases produced to generate power through steam or externally-fired gas turbines, Briquetting techniques are simple and capable of much further development. Gasification techniques are also simple (with proper design) and also capable of further development. Heat recovery for product drying, for example, can be a useful feature of a combined electrical and heat energy generation system, adopting the gasification or efficient direct burning in an FBC route.

Modification of Technological Properties of Laboratory Premixes

2018 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 236-241
Author(s):  
Iveta Hájková ◽  
Petr Novosad
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mixed Mortar ◽  
The One

Sulfur binders belong to the group of airbrushes. They can therefore only harden and harden in the air. The main raw material, gypsum, can be mined in several places in the world. Even in the Czech Republic there is a deposit of natural gypsum in Kobeřice u Opavy. [5] In spite of this fact, we use mostly industrially produced gypsies, because the natural gypsum deposit has only very limited capacity. The Energogypsum, produced in the Czech Republic by ČEZ Energetické Produkty s.r.o., is the waste product of flue gas desulphurization using the wet limestone scrubbing method. Like the chemosynthesis, it is characterized by its high purity (the content of pure CaSO4 2 H2O is at least 90%). The one in the Czech Republic is manufactured by Precheza, a.s. in Přerov. The use of sulphate binders is varied. A better form in the form of alpha plaster is used to produce self-leveling floors and dentistry. Less-quality beta gypsum has a larger application. From it we can produce both gypsum and monolithic partitions. We can also use it for the production of plasterboard and gypsum fiber boards and, last but not least, as internal plasters for its good fire performance. [1] Plasters are being prepared today in two different ways. Firstly, they are still prepared in the original outpatient way directly on the building from individual raw materials, but they are also industrially produced in the form of dry mortar mixtures, which are mixed on the building only with water. The second way is more progressive with the fact that nowadays it is even more widespread. For many builders, however, it remains financially scarce. That is why we have recently begun to find a compromise solution that will satisfy both the technical and the economic ones. This is the development of the so-called binder premixes, ie the industrially produced mixed binder, which is mixed only with sand and water on the site. The situation on our market shows that the recently developed special premix for lime-cement plaster and mortar mixtures is very positive for the building public and therefore the effort is to generalize this mixed mortar in the production raw material base and, in addition, to develop its analogue based on sulphate binder. [2]

scholarly journals Technological and antioxidant properties of proteins obtained from waste potato juice

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
Paweł Jeżowski ◽  
Karolina Polcyn ◽  
Agnieszka Tomkowiak ◽  
Iga Rybicka ◽  
Dominika Radzikowska
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oil Absorption ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Foaming Capacity

AbstractThe article presents the technological and antioxidant properties of potato juice (PJ) protein concentrate obtained by the novel ultrafiltration method. Commercial products, obtained from waste PJ by the traditional method of acid coagulation of proteins, were studied for comparison. Functional properties such as water or oil absorption, foaming capacity, and foam stability (FS) as well as solubility at various pH were assessed. Moreover, the total phenolic compound content, antioxidant activity, and mineral composition were determined. The results showed that PJ protein concentrate obtained by ultrafiltration has good oil absorption properties (6.30 mL/g), which is more than two times higher than the commercial proteins used in the comparison (P2 = 2.33 mL/g and P3 = 2.67 mL/g). Moreover, the ability to create and stabilize foam was also higher (FS ranging from 20.0% at pH = 10 to 11.3% at pH = 2 after 60 min of testing). It had higher content of macro- and microelements and antioxidant activity compared to other samples. Therefore, it is possible to obtain interesting potato protein concentrate from the waste product of the starch production process, which may be an interesting raw material for enriching food.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

ANALYSIS FOR POTENCY AND PRODUCTION OF GRANULE ORGANIC FERTILIZER BASED ON MANURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahwan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Natural Organic Material ◽  
Very High

Organic materials that are generally used as raw material for organic fertilizer granules (POG) is a natural organic material that has been degrade, smooth and dry. One of the main raw materials are always used with a very high percentage of usage, is manure. Manure potential in Indonesia is very high, amounting to 113.6 million tons per year, or 64.7 million tons per year to the island of Java. From this amount, it will be generated numbers POG production potential of 17.5 million tons per year (total Indonesia) or 9.9 million tons per year for the island of Java. While the realistic POG production predictions figures made from raw manure is 2.5 million tons annually, a figure that has been unable to meet the number requirement of POG greater than 4 million tons per year. Therefore, in producing POG, it should be to maximize the using of the potential of other organic materials so that the use of manure can be saved. With the use of a small amount of manure (maximum 30% for cow manure), it would be useful also to avoid the production of POG with high Fe content.keywods: organic material, manure, granule organic fertilizer

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