Osmotic Pressure Induced by Extracellular Matrix Drives Bacillus Subtilis Biofilms’ Self-healing

2022 ◽  
pp. 107632
Author(s):  
Fulin Dong ◽  
Song Liu ◽  
Duohuai Zhang ◽  
Jinchang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoling Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Self Healing

Bio-inspired self-healing and self-sensing cementitious mortar using Bacillus subtilis immobilized on graphitic platelets

2022 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 125818
Author(s):  
Rao Arsalan Khushnood ◽  
Ajlal Arif ◽  
Nafeesa Shaheen ◽  
Ahmad Gul Zafar ◽  
Talal Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Self Healing

scholarly journals Bioprecipitation of calcium carbonate by Bacillus subtilis and its potential to self-healing in cement-based materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Ferral Pérez ◽  
Mónica Galicia García
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Novel Applications

In recent years, biological mineralization has been implemented as a viable option for the elaboration of new building materials, protection and repair of concrete by self-healing, soil stabilization, carbon dioxide capture, and drug delivery. Biogenic mineralization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) induced by bacterial metabolism has been proposed as an effective method. The objective of the present study was to characterize the bioprecipitation of CaCO3 crystals by Bacillus subtilis in a semi-solid system. The results show that CaCO3 crystals were produced by day 3 of incubation. The prevalent crystalline polymorph was calcite, and in a minor proportion, vaterite. The presence of amorphous material was also detected (amorphous CaCO3 (ACC)). Finally, the crystallinity index was 81.1%. This biogenic calcium carbonate does not decrease pH and does not yield chloride formation. Contrary, it increases pH values up to 10, which constitutes and advantage for implementations at reinforced concrete. Novel applications for biogenic calcium carbonate derived from Bacillus subtilis addressing self-healing, biocementation processes, and biorestoration of monuments are presented.  

scholarly journals Mechanisms of encapsulation of bacteria in self-healing concrete: review

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (210) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Martín Eduardo Espitia Nery ◽  
Dery Esmeralda Corredor Pulido ◽  
Paula Andrea Castaño Oliveros ◽  
Johan Andrey Rodriguez Medina ◽  
Querly Yubiana Ordoñez Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Precipitate Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Structural Deterioration ◽  
Bacterial Encapsulation ◽  
Concrete Matrix ◽  
In Situ Repair

Fissures in concrete structures result from structural deterioration and inadequate building processes, among other factors. Traditional in situ repair is often expensive and complex. For this reason, self-healing techniques have been developed, such as the use of bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate and seal fissures. However, adding bacteria directly to the concrete matrix reduces bacterial survival. We present a review of different methods of bacterial encapsulation and their effects on fissure repair and concrete resistance. We argue that encapsulation of Bacillus subtilis in clay is the most promising method for this type of concrete, increasing concrete strength by 12% and repairing fissures of up to 0.52 mm.

scholarly journals Compressive strength of bacterial concrete by varying concentrations of E.Coli and JC3 bacteria for Self-Healing Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3659-3661
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Bacterial Concrete

This paper focuses on how the bacterium produces calcite to repair cracks and thereby increases the strength and durability of the concrete. The bacterial concrete can be made by embedding bacteria in the concrete to make it constantly precipitate calcite. Bacillus E Coli and Bacillus Subtilis JC3 are used for this purpose. Bacillus E coli and Bacillus Subtilis JC3 induced at cell concentration 10^5 cells/ml improves properties of concrete. This paper campaigns for the induction of bacteria in concrete for the promotion of self-healing cracks.

scholarly journals Engineering high-yield biopolymer secretion creates an extracellular protein matrix for living materials

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marimikel Charrier ◽  
Maria Teresa Orozco-Hidalgo ◽  
Nicholas Tjahjono ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Sara Molinari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Extracellular Protein ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Type I ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Protein Matrix ◽  
Living Materials

ABSTRACTThe bacterial extracellular matrix forms autonomously, giving rise to complex material properties and multicellular behaviors. Synthetic matrix analogues can replicate these functions, but require exogenously added material or have limited programmability. Here we design a two-strain bacterial system that self-synthesizes and structures a synthetic extracellular matrix of proteins. We engineered Caulobacter crescentus to secrete an extracellular matrix protein composed of elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) hydrogel fused to Supercharged SpyCatcher (SC(-)). This biopolymer was secreted at levels of 60 mg/L, an unprecedented level of biopolymer secretion by a gram-negative bacterium. The ELP domain was swapped with either a crosslinkable variant of ELP or resilin-like polypeptide, demonstrating this system is flexible. The SC(-)-ELP matrix protein bound specifically and covalently to the cell surface of a C. crescentus strain that displays a high-density array of SpyTag peptides via its engineered Surface-layer. Our work develops protein design rules for Type I secretion in C. crescentus, and demonstrates the autonomous secretion and assembly of programmable extracellular protein matrices, offering a path forward towards the formation of cohesive engineered living materials.IMPORTANCEEngineered living materials (ELM) aim to mimic characteristics of natural occurring systems, bringing the benefits of self-healing, synthesis, autonomous assembly, and responsiveness to traditional materials. Previous research has shown the potential of replicating the bacterial extracellular matrix (ECM) to mimic biofilms. However, these efforts require energy intensive processing or have limited tunability. We propose a bacterially-synthesized system that manipulates the protein content of the ECM, allowing for programmable interactions and autonomous material formation. To achieve this, we engineered a two-strain system to secrete a synthetic extracellular protein matrix (sEPM). This work is a step towards understanding the necessary parameters to engineering living cells to autonomously construct ELMs.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Hypercellularity in Osteoarthritis and Modification of Synovial Fluid

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Bliznyukova ◽  
Pavel Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Conventional Imaging ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Small Defect

Articular cartilage is a thin layer of connective tissue that consists of tissue fluid and structural macromolecules, including collagens, proteoglycans, non-collagen proteins and glycoproteins without blood vessels, nerves or lymph nodes. It has a limited ability to self-healing. In addition, chondrocytes, which are surrounded by an extracellular matrix, cannot freely migrate to the site of damage from a healthy place, unlike most tissues. Because of this, even a small defect in the articular cartilage caused by mechanical damage can lead to a disease such as osteoarthritis. The task associated with the restoration of articular cartilage is complex, since conventional imaging methods can detect only progressive forms of osteoarthritis. Hypercellularity is one of the stages of the main processes occurring in osteoarthritis. At its early stages, hypercellularity has a remodeling, that is, restorative effect, but subsequently it goes into the stage of degradation, that is, a pathological process is observed. The problem of the transition of hypercellularity from a “restorative” to a “pathological” process, which is irreversible, has been poorly studied. This paperconsiders the aspects that could affect hypercellularity. The main goal of the work is to study the phenomenon of hypercellularity and proliferative activity of chondrocytes in the articular cartilage. The authors identifythe symptoms and causes of osteoarthritis, its stages and study the structural composition of the articular cartilage in order to consider the proliferative activity of chondrocytes in it. The paper investigates and analyzes thephenomenon of hypercellularity.

scholarly journals Self-healing bacterial cementitious concrete composites: development and performance evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sini Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrum ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Sporosarcina Pasteurii ◽  
Subtilis Subsp

The principal objective of the research is to contribute towards attaining the goal of developing self-healing cementitious concrete composites by incorporating bacteria as healing agent. Since the root cause of the majority of structural failure is attributed to concrete cracking, there is a compelling economic incentive to develop a concrete that can treat and repair the damage all by itself. Even though some research has been carried out in this area, a major breakthrough in identifying the types of bacteria, modes to protect this bacteria from high pH concrete environment and nutrients for effective healing are yet to materialise. For the present study, three different bacteria namely, Sporosarcina ureae, Sporosarcina pasteurii and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii and two protective vehicles such as zeolite and pumice were selected to determine the best combination among them for self-healing. Normal and fibre reinforced mortar and engineered cementitious composite (ECC) specimens were employed for the study. In order to develop self-healing bacterial concrete based materials, it is crucial to understand whether the introduction of mineral producing bacteria and nutrients adversely affect the properties. Thus, various concentrations of bacteria and nutrients were tested to determine the best possible combinations without sacrificing concrete properies. Evaluation of healing effect was determined by comparing compressive strength, sorptivity and rapid chloride permeability (RCPT), four point bending and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) properties of sound and damaged specimens at different ages. Healing associated with crack closure was visualised and analysed using scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectrum Energy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Finally, an attempt was made to employ statistical models for parameter optimization of self-healing characteristics in terms of compressive strength, sorptivity, RCPT and UPV by design and analysis of experiments. Evaluation of results to determine self-healing efficiency indicated that a significant amount of self-healing was achieved by all three selected bacteria, out of which Sporosarcina pasteurii and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii found to be promising choices. Both zeolite and pumice turned out to be effective protective vehicles. Statistical modelling of the experiment proved to be the ideal choice for modelling self-healing characteristics.

scholarly journals The Exo-Polysaccharide Component of Extracellular Matrix is Essential for the Viscoelastic Properties of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Pandit ◽  
Mina Fazilati ◽  
Karolina Gaska ◽  
Abderahmane Derouiche ◽  
Tiina Nypelö ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mechanical Stress ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Interfacial Rheology ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Biofilm Matrix

Bacteria are known to form biofilms on various surfaces. Biofilms are multicellular aggregates, held together by an extracellular matrix, which is composed of biological polymers. Three principal components of the biofilm matrix are exopolysaccharides (EPS), proteins, and nucleic acids. The biofilm matrix is essential for biofilms to remain organized under mechanical stress. Thanks to their polymeric nature, biofilms exhibit both elastic and viscous mechanical characteristics; therefore, an accurate mechanical description needs to take into account their viscoelastic nature. Their viscoelastic properties, including during their growth dynamics, are crucial for biofilm survival in many environments, particularly during infection processes. How changes in the composition of the biofilm matrix affect viscoelasticity has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, we used interfacial rheology to study the contribution of the EPS component of the matrix to viscoelasticity of Bacillus subtilis biofilms. Two strategies were used to specifically deplete the EPS component of the biofilm matrix, namely (i) treatment with sub-lethal doses of vitamin C and (ii) seamless inactivation of the eps operon responsible for biosynthesis of the EPS. In both cases, the obtained results suggest that the EPS component of the matrix is essential for maintaining the viscoelastic properties of bacterial biofilms during their growth. If the EPS component of the matrix is depleted, the mechanical stability of biofilms is compromised and the biofilms become more susceptible to eradication by mechanical stress.

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