Age at onset of DSM-IV pathological gambling in a non-treatment sample: Early- versus later-onset

IntroductionThe schizoaffective disorder is multifactorial. Several factors almost unquestioned, even indisputable, participate in the episodes’ decompensation and affect various fields: biological, pharmacological or neurobiochemical.ObjectivesDraw up the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients treated for schizoaffective disorder and determine the role of life events in the onset of the disorder.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 52 patients hospitalized in the psychiatric department of Mahdia diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder according to DSM-IV-TR during the period from January 2014 until June 2014. The information was collected using a preset sheet with 35 items.ResultsA total of 52 records was gathered. The average age was 38 years. The sample was predominantly male, of rural origin in 61.5% of cases. The level of education was low in 59.6% of cases. More than half were without profession and single in 46.2% of cases. The mean age at onset of the disorder was 25.2 years. The presence of life events preceding the onset of the disorder was noted in 22 patients, that to say, 42.3% of the sample. Family and emotional events were most frequently encountered with respective rates of 48.2 and 24.7%, followed by the professional events (20%) and social ones (6%).ConclusionLife events are due to chance but also to the environment. The complexity of the “event” concept was again underlined in a new perspective, breaking social rhythms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707000086 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (7) ◽

pp. 1047-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 168

Author(s):

FREDERICK S. STINSON ◽

DEBORAH A. DAWSON ◽

S. PATRICIA CHOU ◽

SHARON SMITH ◽

RISE B. GOLDSTEIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Specific Phobia ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

The Usa ◽

Axis I ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

The Mean

Background. There is a lack of current detailed national data on the prevalence, correlates, disability and co-morbidity of DSM-IV specific phobia (SP), the prevalence of specific objects and situations feared, and associations between impairment, treatment and co-morbidity and the number of specific situations and objects feared, among adults in the USA.Method. The data were derived from a large (43093) representative sample of the adult population in the USA.Results. Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV SP were 7·1% and 9·4% respectively. Being female, young, and low income increased risk, while being Asian or Hispanic decreased risk (p<0·05). The mean age at onset of SP was 9·7 years, the mean duration of episode was 20·1 years and only 8·0% reported treatment specifically for SP. Most specific phobias involved multiple fears, and an increasing number of fears, regardless of content, was associated with greater disability and impairment, treatment seeking and co-morbidity with other Axis I and II disorders.Conclusions. SP is a highly prevalent, disabling and co-morbid disorder in the US adult population. The early onset of SP and the disorders most strongly associated with it highlights the need for longitudinal studies beginning in early childhood. Results suggest the existence of a generalized subtype of SP much like social phobia, which, once revealed, may lead to a classification of SP that is more etiologically and therapeutically meaningful.

Download Full-text

Attentional bias in pathological gambling. A review

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71831-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 120-120

Author(s):

E.J.V. Vizcaino ◽

M.M. Mayor ◽

I.M. Gras ◽

G.P. Alfaro ◽

G.R. Valladolid

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Pathological Gambling ◽

Attentional Bias ◽

Impulse Control ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cognitive Dimension ◽

Pathological Gamblers ◽

Modified Stroop ◽

Emotional Dimension ◽

Dsm Iv

RationalePathological gambling (PG) is a relatively prevalent psychiatric disorder, which is included in the category of Impulse Control Disorders of the DSM-IV TR. It's prevalence is 1%. Dopamine is the main neurotransmitter involved in it. Attentional bias (AB) is a phenomenon whereby attentional channelling is directed toward personally valued stimuli, despite an individual's efforts to ignore them. AB have been previously described in several Substance Use Disorders (SUD) such as alcoholism and cocaine use disorders.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the current evidence of the presence of AB associated to PG.MethodsWe performed a systematic search in PubMed (1980-Present) to identify publications that examined the existence of AB in PG.ResultsTo date, two studies have found the existence of an AB in pathological gamblers. Both studies have been performed using a modified Stroop procedure, and report that gamblers show an automatic interference when naming the color of gambling-related words.ConclusionsPG could be conceptualized as an addictive behavior and we can hypothesize a link between addiction and automaticity. There is a relationship between AB (cognitive dimension) and subjective craving (emotional dimension), so that high levels of craving can be both, a cause of, and a consequence of, an elevation of AB of gambling-related cues. Even so, there is little research in this field to date. Further studies are warranted using new paradigms for the assessment of AB in PG.

Download Full-text

Concordance between the SOGS-RA and the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling among youth.

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1037/0893-164x.19.3.271 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 271-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Robert Ladouceur ◽

Francine Ferland ◽

Christiane Poulin ◽

Frank Vitaro ◽

Jamie Wiebe

Keyword(s):

Pathological Gambling ◽

Dsm Iv

Download Full-text

The relationship of DSM-IV pathological gambling to compulsive buying and other possible spectrum disorders: Results from the Iowa PG family study

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 226 (1) ◽

pp. 273-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Donald W. Black ◽

William Coryell ◽

Raymond Crowe ◽

Martha Shaw ◽

Brett McCormick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathological Gambling ◽

Family Study ◽

Compulsive Buying ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Religiosity and Chance Beliefs in Persons with DSM-IV Pathological Gambling Enrolled in a Longitudinal Follow-Up Study

Journal of Gambling Studies ◽

10.1007/s10899-019-09857-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 849-860

Author(s):

Nicholas L. Bormann ◽

Jeff Allen ◽

Martha Shaw ◽

Donald W. Black

Keyword(s):

Pathological Gambling ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Dsm Iv

Download Full-text

A Psychometric Evaluation of the DSM-IV Pathological Gambling Diagnostic Criteria

Journal of Gambling Studies ◽

10.1007/s10899-006-9020-x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 329-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Mark Zimmerman ◽

Iwona Chelminski ◽

Diane Young

Keyword(s):

Pathological Gambling ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Dsm Iv

Download Full-text

Pathological gambling: prevalence in Spain / El juego patológico: prevalencia en España

Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas ◽

10.21134/haaj.v4i2.128 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Elisardo Becoña Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

General Population ◽

Pathological Gambling ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Derivative Instruments ◽

Salud Mental ◽

Dsm Iv ◽

Representative Samples

El juego patológico constituye un importante problema de salud mental en España y en otros países desarrollados. Se analizan los estudios de prevalencia en función de los criterios diagnósticos que se han utilizado hasta ahora para el juego patológico. Los estudios de prevalencia realizados en muestras representativas de la población basados en el DSM-III, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV y SOGS indicaban una prevalencia entre el 1.4 y el 1.7% en las muestras más representativas españolas, semejante a la de otros países. Los últimos estudios con instrumentos derivados del DSMIV, como el NODS, o versiones revisadas del SOGS indican un nivel de prevalencia menor para el juego patológico. Se analizan todos los estudios realizados en España con unos y otros instrumentos y su comparación con los resultados de otros países, especialmente en adultos junto a otros estudios realizados con niños y adolescentes. AbstractThe pathological gambling constitutes an important problem of mental health in Spain and in other developed countries. The prevalence studies are analyzed in function of the diagnostic criteria that have been used to assess the pathological gambling. The studies realized in the more representative samples of the general population in Spain based on the DSMIII, DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and SOGS indicated a prevalencia between the 1.4 and 1.7%, similar to that of other countries. The last studies with derivative instruments of the DSM-IV, as the NODS, or revised versions of the SOGS, indicate a level of smaller prevalencia for the pathological gambling. Finally, we discuss the results of the studies carried out in Spain with several instruments or criteria and their comparison with the results of other countries, especially in adults as in adolescents.

Download Full-text

The Lie/Bet Questionnaire for Screening Pathological Gamblers

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1997.80.1.83 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Edward E. Johnson ◽

Robert Hamer ◽

Rena M. Nora ◽

Benito Tan ◽

Norman Eisenstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Positive Predictive Value ◽

Pathological Gambling ◽

Negative Predictive Value ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Pathological Gamblers ◽

Item Questionnaire ◽

Dsm Iv

A 2-item questionnaire was derived from 10 DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling. Subjects were 362 men, 191 classified as pathological gamblers and 171 as nonproblem-gambling controls. The two items were significant in sensitivity and negative predictive value and significant in specificity and positive predictive value.

Download Full-text