Automation of the peripheral resistance valve in a hydro-mechanical cardiovascular pulse duplicator system

Цель - изучение сывороточных уровней LIF, sLIr и их соотношение с гемодинамическими параметрами (ЧСС, САД, ДАД, ПАД, ЦАД, срАД, УО, МОК, ОПСС, СПВ) и содержанием вазоактивных веществ (AT II, ET-1, NO, ADMA, SDMA, eNOS, iNOS, NT-proСNP, NT-proBNP) у пациентов с эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией (ЭАГ) II стадии. Методы: количество LIF, sLIF-R/gp190 и вазоактивные вещества в сыворотке определяли иммуноферментным методом. Результаты: у пациентов с ЭАГ II стадии вне зависимости от проведения гипотензивной терапии была более высокая концентрация LIF (7,54 (2,8) пг/мл, 7,5 (2,1) пг/мл), по сравнению с условно здоровыми - 1,25 (0,5) пг/мл, р<0,001. При этом у пациентов, не получавших гипотензивные препараты, увеличивался уровень sLIr - (5800 (1470 pg/ml)) по сравнению с больными на фоне гипотензивной терапии (4100 (1380) пг/мл, р<0,001) и условно здоровыми (3800 (1100) пг/мл, р<0,001). При уровне sLIF-R выше 4800 пг/мл обнаруживали связь с увеличением содержания в сыворотке iNOS, NT-proBNP, ADMA, SDMA, (r = 0,5-0,8, р<0,05-0,001) и уменьшением уровня eNOS (r = -0,56-0,86, р<0,05-0,001), что соответствует прогрессированию заболевания. Корреляции между LIF и указанными вазоактивными веществами выявлено не было, что дает основание предполагать, что sLIFr вызывает собственные патогенетические эффекты помимо антагонистической активности по отношению к LIF. Aim. To study levels of serum LIF and sLIF-R and their correlations with hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, central BP, mean BP, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and pulse wave velocity) and vasoactive substances (AT II, ET-1, NO, ADMA, SDMA, eNOS, iNOS, NT-proСNP, and NT-proBNP) in patients with stage II essential arterial hypertension (EAH). Methods. Serum levels of LIF and sLIF-R/gp190 were measured using ELISA in 180 patients with stage II ЕAН. Results: Patients with EAH II (with or without antihypertensive therapy) had higher serum levels of LIF (7.54 (2.8) pg/ml and 7.5 (2.1) pg/ml, respectively) compared to healthy individuals (1.25 (0.5) pg/ml), р<0.001. Patients not receiving a therapy had higher serum levels of sLIF-R (5800 (1470 pg/ml) than patients receiving antihypertensive drugs (4100 (1380) pg/ml, р<0.001) and healthy individual (3800 (1100) pg/ml, р<0.001). In patients with EAH, sLIF-R levels higher than 4800 pg/ml correlated with increases in iNOS, NT-proBNP, ADMA, and SDMA (r = 0.5-0.8, р<0.05-0.001) and decreases in eNOS (r = -0.56-0.86, р<0.05-0.001), which corresponded to disease progression. LIF did not show any significant correlations with these vasoactive substances, which suggested that sLIF-R exerted its own pathogenetic effects besides antagonizing LIF. Generally, this trend was typical for patients with EAH (II stage) without antihypertensive therapy.

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Ultrasound features of peripheral angiodistonic syndrome of the upper extremities in vibration disease

Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology ◽

10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-815-817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (11) ◽

pp. 815-817

Author(s):

Nadezhda I. Kuprina ◽

Ekaterina V. Ulanovskaya ◽

Olga A. Kochetova

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Ulnar Artery ◽

Upper Extremities ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Peripheral Blood Flow ◽

Pronounced Increase ◽

Vibration Disease

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is an example of the most common pathology due to the systematic exposure of the worker to intense vibration with sufficient work experience, the main manifestation of which is peripheral angiodystonic syndrome. The aim of study was to learn the features of peripheral blood flow in the arteries of the forearm in vibration disease using the ultrasound method. Materials and methods. The radial and ulnar arteries in patients with vibration disease were examined by ultrasound in B- and PW-mode. These materials present the results of an ultrasound assessment of the speed indicators of the main arteries of the forearm in vibration disease stages 1 and 2. The selection criteria for patients in the study ware the presence of pronounced clinical manifestations of angiodystonic syndrome in vibration disease, confirmed by instrumental research methods and data on the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, the absence of cardiovascular chronic diseases (ischemic heart disease, heart defects, rhythm and conduction disturbances), rheumatic, oncological, infectious diseases, osteo-traumatic changes in the upper extremities. Results. The groups of patients with the established diagnosis of vibration disease of 1 and 2 degrees were studied. With vibration disease stage 1 a decrease in the pulse velocity of blood flow was observed in isolation on the ulnar artery and an increase in peripheral resistance (pulsation index and resistance index) in the radial and ulnar arteries symmetrically on both upper extremities. The second stage of vibration disease differed from the first by a more significant decrease in speed indicators both on the ulnar and radial arteries on both sides, symmetrically in combination with a more pronounced increase in peripheral resistance indicators on both main arteries of the forearm (pulsation index and resistance index). The revealed changes were determined with the same frequency in men and women. Conclusions. A significant decrease in speed indicators on the ulnar artery and an increase in peripheral resistance indicators are detected already at the initial stages of vibration disease. Thus, the method of ultrasound examination of the main arteries of the middle caliber of the upper extremities is currently the only available and objective method for examining the vascular system in vibration disease.

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Study of functional state of microcirculatory channel system in periodontal tissues in persons of different age groups

Стоматология детского возраста и профилактика ◽

10.33925/1683-3031-2020-20-2-88-94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 88-94

Author(s):

L. Yu. Orekhova ◽

A. A. Petrov ◽

E. S. Loboda ◽

I. V. Berezkina ◽

K. V. Shadrina

Keyword(s):

Functional State ◽

Age Groups ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Circulatory System ◽

Structural Features ◽

Periodontal Tissues ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Age Related ◽

Group 12 ◽

Therapeutic Measures

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.

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RATIONALIZATION FOR THE DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF OVARIAN CANCER AND CHRONIC SALPINGOOPHORITIS IN THE PARAMETERS OF DISINTEGRATION AND NETWORK MODELING CHANGES OF BLOOD FLOW IN UTERINE AND OVARIAN ARTERIES AND VEINS

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2017-63-5-766-769 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (5) ◽

pp. 766-769

Author(s):

Nikolay Agarkov ◽

Pavel Tkachenko ◽

Dmitriy Kicha ◽

Vitaliy Aksenov ◽

Aleksandr Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Venous Outflow ◽

Flow Changes ◽

Arteries And Veins ◽

Selection Of

Analysis of ultrasonic blood flow changes in uterine and ovarian arteries and veins in 92 patients with ovarian cancer and 87 patients with chronic salpingoophoritis has allowed to identify the leading differential diagnostic criteria, which include minimum diastolic blood flow velocity, resistance index, while fast hyperemia, the index of venous outflow diastolic index and index of peripheral resistance. Based on a selection of leading differential diagnostic criteria for ovarian cancer and chronic salpingoophoritis developed a network model of differentiation of these groups of patients, streamlining the differential diagnostic process

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Diastolic pressure and peripheral resistance during stellate ganglion stimulation

American Journal of Physiology-Legacy Content ◽

10.1152/ajplegacy.1963.204.1.71 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 204 (1) ◽

pp. 71-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward D. Freis ◽

Jay N. Cohn ◽

Thomas E. Liptak ◽

Aristide G. B. Kovach

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cardiac Output ◽

Total Peripheral Resistance ◽

Diastolic Pressure ◽

Stellate Ganglion ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Resistance Vessels ◽

Left Stellate Ganglion ◽

Increased Blood Flow

The mechanism of the diastolic pressure elevation occurring during left stellate ganglion stimulation was investigated. The cardiac output rose considerably, the heart rate remained essentially unchanged, and the total peripheral resistance fell moderately. The diastolic rise appeared to be due to increased blood flow rather than to any active changes in resistance vessels.

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Sepsis as a Pan-Endocrine Illness—Endocrine Disorders in Septic Patients

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2075

Author(s):

Weronika Wasyluk ◽

Martyna Wasyluk ◽

Agnieszka Zwolak

Keyword(s):

Host Response ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Endocrine Disorders ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Adrenergic Stimulation ◽

Hypothalamic Amenorrhea ◽

Somatotropic Axis ◽

Almost All ◽

Triiodothyronine Concentration

Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. One of the elements of dysregulated host response is an endocrine system disorder. Changes in its functioning in the course of sepsis affect almost all hormonal axes. In sepsis, a function disturbance of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis has been described, in the range of which the most important seems to be hypercortisolemia in the acute phase. Imbalance in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is also described. The most typical manifestation is a triiodothyronine concentration decrease and reverse triiodothyronine concentration increase. In the somatotropic axis, a change in the secretion pattern of growth hormone and peripheral resistance to this hormone has been described. In the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the reduction in testosterone concentration in men and the stress-induced “hypothalamic amenorrhea” in women have been described. Catecholamine and β-adrenergic stimulation disorders have also been reported. Disorders in the endocrine system are part of the “dysregulated host response to infection”. They may also affect other components of this dysregulated response, such as metabolism. Hormonal changes occurring in the course of sepsis require further research, not only in order to explore their potential significance in therapy, but also due to their promising prognostic value.

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Efficacy of prayer in inducing immediate physiological changes: a systematic analysis of objective experiments

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2020-0075 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Felix Chin ◽

Ryan Chou ◽

Muhammad Waqas ◽

Kunal Vakharia ◽

Hamid Rai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physiological State ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Pain Tolerance ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Mental Functioning ◽

Baroreceptor Sensitivity ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Blood Marker

Abstract Objectives To assess the immediate impact of prayer on physiological state by systematically reviewing objective, controlled experimental studies in the literature. Content Experimental studies measuring objective physiological changes induced by prayer. Studies containing the keyword, “Prayer” anywhere in the title or abstract were curated from the following databases: Public/Publisher Medline (PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) in May 2019. Titles and abstracts were screened with the remaining 30 articles analyzed for inclusion. Only experimental studies were included. Summary Eight experimental studies were identified of which five investigated neurocognitive changes and three investigated systemic physiological changes during prayer. The five studies focusing on neuroactivity used functional MRI (fMRI), electroencephalography or SPECT imaging to obtain measurements. The remaining three studies analyzed an array of systemic physiological metrics, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, peripheral resistance, baroreceptor sensitivity and/or cardiovascular rhythm variability during prayer. All studies aside from one saw objective changes during prayer. Neurocognitive changes were mainly associated with improved mental functioning, control and pain tolerance. Prayer was found to slow down physiological functions in two of the three vital-based studies, with the third reporting no change in physiological status. None of the studies measured blood marker changes. Outlook Experimental studies show prayer to induce healthy neurocognitive and physiological changes. Additional studies exploring objective measures from prayer are encouraged to provide practitioners with a more nuanced, scientific perspective when it comes to prescribing prayer as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy.

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Effects of nasal high flow on nocturnal hypercapnia, sleep, and sympathovagal balance in patients with neuromuscular disorders

Sleep And Breathing ◽

10.1007/s11325-020-02263-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Christina Meyer ◽

Jens Spiesshoefer ◽

Nina Christina Siebers ◽

Anna Heidbreder ◽

Christian Thiedemann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuromuscular Disorders ◽

Ventilatory Support ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Resistance Index ◽

High Flow ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Sympathovagal Balance ◽

Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Nasal High Flow Therapy

Abstract Purpose In neuromuscular disorders (NMD), inspiratory muscle weakness may cause sleep-related hypoventilation requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV). Alternatively, nasal high flow therapy (NHF) may ameliorate mild nocturnal hypercapnia (NH) through washout of anatomical dead space and generation of positive airway pressure. Ventilatory support by NIV or NHF might have favourable short-term effects on sympathovagal balance (SVB). This study comparatively investigated the effects of NHF and NIV on sleep-related breathing and SVB in NMD patients with evolving NH. Methods Transcutaneous CO2 (ptcCO2), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), sleep outcomes and SVB (spectral analysis of heart rate, diastolic blood pressure variability) along with haemodynamic measures (cardiac index, total peripheral resistance index) were evaluated overnight in 17 patients. Polysomnographies (PSG) were randomly split into equal parts with no treatment, NIV and NHF at different flow rates (20 l/min vs. 50 l/min). In-depth analysis of SVB and haemodynamics was performed on 10-min segments of stable N2 sleep taken from each intervention. Results Compared with no treatment, NHF20 and NHF50 did not significantly change ptcCO2, SpO2 or the apnea hypopnea index (AHI). NHF50 was poorly tolerated. In contrast, NIV significantly improved both gas exchange and AHI without adversely affecting sleep. During daytime, NHF20 and NHF50 had neutral effects on ventilation and oxygenation whereas NIV improved ptcCO2 and SpO2. Effects of NIV and NHF on SVB and haemodynamics were neutral during both night and daytime. Conclusions NHF does not correct sleep-disordered breathing in NMD patients with NH. Both NHF and NIV exert no immediate effects on SVB.

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A square-pulse flow method for measuring characteristics of the arterial bed

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1976.40.3.425 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 425-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. G. Bottomley ◽

G. W. Mainwood

Keyword(s):

Arterial Compliance ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Mean Value ◽

Pressure Response ◽

Arterial System ◽

Response Curves ◽

Arterial Tree ◽

Pulse Flow ◽

Critical Closing Pressure ◽

Closing Pressure

A device was designed to provide a “square” pulse of blood flow into the arterial system. Pulses were injected into the carotid artery of the rabbit during transient cardiac arrest. Analysis of pressure response curves generated by the flow provides information as to the state of the arterial tree. With certain assumptions it is possible to estimate from these curves lumped values of peripheral resistance, critical closing pressure, and arterial compliance. In a series of 12 rabbits the mean value of peripheral resistance was found to be 0.21 +/- 0.7 mmHg-ml-1-min and critical closing pressure was estimated to be 23.6 +/- 3.8 mmHg. This method gives two possible values for arterial compliance 0.036 +/- 0.010 and 0.055 +/- 0.010 ml-mm-1 based, respectively, on the rise and decay curves of the pressure response. The theory and limitations of the method are discussed. The use of the method is illustrated in following the response to increased PCO2 and hemorrhage.

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