scholarly journals Effects and moderators of coping skills training on symptoms of depression and anxiety in patients with cancer: Aggregate data and individual patient data meta-analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 101882
Author(s):  
L.M. Buffart ◽  
M.A.C. Schreurs ◽  
H.J.G. Abrahams ◽  
J. Kalter ◽  
N.K. Aaronson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Coping Skills Training ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Meta Analyses

QuikFix: enhanced motivational interviewing interventions for youth substance use

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2/3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Hides ◽  
Hollie Wilson ◽  
Catherine Quinn ◽  
Davina Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Coping Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Coping Skills Training ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper explores the background principles, theories, and components of the QuikFix intervention for primary and comorbid substance use in young people. Design/methodology/approach QuikFix is a brief Motivational Interviewing (MI) intervention utilising cognitive-behavioural coping skills training to reduce vulnerability to substance use and comorbid mental health problems in young people. It is delivered in two to three brief sessions including an assessment. A new version, QuikFix PI (Personality Intervention) which incorporates coping skills training targeting, sensation seeking, impulsive, depressive and anxiety personality styles that may underlie primary and comorbid substance use problems is presented. Findings The original QuikFix intervention has demonstrated efficacy in young alcohol and cannabis users with comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. The efficacy of the new personality targeted version of QuikFix is currently being tested in a large randomized controlled trial among young people with alcohol related injuries/illnesses. Future research is required to determine the efficacy of QuikFix PI in comorbid populations including those with behavioural disorders. Practical implications QuikFix interventions can be delivered via telephone or face-to-face in clinical settings for clients with primary substance use and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. Originality/value This paper describes a novel two to three session manualised personality targeted substance use intervention. The full original QuikFix treatment manual is available online (Hides and Carroll 2010).

scholarly journals Effectiveness and safety of standardised shorter regimens for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: individual patient data and aggregate data meta-analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1700061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Ahmad Khan ◽  
M.A. Hamid Salim ◽  
Philipp du Cros ◽  
Esther C. Casas ◽  
Atajan Khamraev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Aggregate Data ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Analyses

We assessed the effectiveness and safety of standardised, shorter multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) regimens by pooling data from observational studies.Published studies were identified from medical databases; unpublished studies were identified from expert consultation. We conducted aggregate data meta-analyses to estimate pooled proportions of treatment outcomes and individual patient data (IPD) meta-regression to identify risk factors for unsuccessful treatment in patients treated with 9- to 12-month MDR-TB regimens composed of a second-line injectable, gatifloxacin/moxifloxacin, prothionamide, clofazimine, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol.We included five studies in which 796 out of 1279 (62.2%) individuals with confirmed MDR-TB (98.4%) or rifampin-resistant TB (1.6%), and not previously exposed to second-line drugs, were eligible for shorter regimens. 669 out of 796 participants were successfully treated (83.0%, 95% CI 71.9–90.3%). In IPD meta-regression (three studies, n=497), failure/relapse was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (crude OR 46, 95% CI 8–273), pyrazinamide resistance (OR 8, 95% CI 2–38) and no culture conversion by month 2 of treatment (OR 7, 95% CI 3–202). Two participants acquired extensive drug resistance. Four studies reported grade 3 or 4 adverse events in 55 out of 304 (18.1%) participants.Shorter regimens were effective in treating MDR-TB; however, there is uncertainty surrounding the generalisability of the high rate of treatment success to less selected populations, to programmatic settings and in the absence of drug susceptibility tests to key component drugs.

scholarly journals Efficacy of vitamin D3 supplementation on cancer mortality in the general population and the prognosis of patients with cancer: protocol of a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041607
Author(s):  
Ben Schöttker ◽  
Sabine Kuznia ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Subgroup Analyses ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionVitamin D insufficiency is much more common among patients with cancer than the general population. Previous meta-analyses of controlled trials showed an approximately 15% reduction of cancer mortality by vitamin D supplementation compared with placebo or no treatment in the general population.On top of updating the latest systematic review on vitamin D supplementation and cancer mortality in the general population, we aim to conduct the first meta-analyses of trials on vitamin D3 supplementation and cancer-specific and overall survival of patients with cancer. Besides, we will conduct for the first time subgroup analyses based on individual patient data collected from randomised controlled trials.Methods and analysisA systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis will be performed on randomised placebo-controlled trials with a vitamin D3 intervention. All databases are searched from inception without time restriction. The addressed outcomes are cancer mortality in the general population as well as cancer-specific and overall survival of patients with cancer. The quality appraisal of the studies will be evaluated by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials. Trial results will be reanalysed using adjusted and unadjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models and meta-analyses are planned. Cochran’s Q-Test and the I2 index will be used to statistically assess the level of heterogeneity, while sensitivity and subgroup analyses serve to identify potential causes of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses will be conducted for vitamin D3 dosing, follow-up time, age, sex, obesity, vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, history of cancer and compliance. Publication bias will be assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s test.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since no human beings are involved in this systematic review. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal with open access. They will be presented at conferences and sent to patient advocacy groups and German oncological rehabilitation centres.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020185566

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document