Coal petrology of the Yimin Formation (Albian) in the Hailar Basin, NE China: paleoenvironments and wildfires during peat formation

Abstract Quantification of runoff change is vital for water resources management, especially in arid or semiarid areas. This study used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) distributed hydrological model to simulate runoff in the upper reaches of the Hailar Basin (NE China) and to analyze quantitatively the impacts of climate change and land-use change on runoff by setting different scenarios. Two periods, i.e., the reference period (before 1988) and the interference period (after 1988), were identified based on long-term runoff datasets. In comparison with the reference period, the contribution rates of both climate change and land-use change to runoff change in the Hailar Basin during the interference period were 83.58% and 16.42%, respectively. The simulation analysis of climate change scenarios with differential precipitation and temperature changes suggested that runoff changes are correlated positively with precipitation change and that the impact of precipitation change on runoff is stronger than that of temperature. Under different economic development scenarios adopted, land use was predicted to have a considerable impact on runoff. The expansion of forests within the basin might induce decreased runoff owing to enhanced evapotranspiration.

Download Full-text

Decoding stratigraphic evolution of the Hailar Basin: Implications for the late Mesozoic tectonics of NE China

Geological Journal ◽

10.1002/gj.3563 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (3) ◽

pp. 1750-1762

Author(s):

Ji‐Chang Zhu ◽

Qing‐Ren Meng ◽

You‐Liang Feng ◽

Hong‐Qi Yuan ◽

Feng‐Cheng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ne China ◽

Late Mesozoic ◽

Hailar Basin ◽

Stratigraphic Evolution

Download Full-text

Peat-forming history of the ancestral Souris mire (Palaeocene), Ravenscrag Formation, southern Saskatchewan, Canada

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e04-002 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 307-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M C Frank ◽

S L Bend

Keyword(s):

Water Depth ◽

Previous Analysis ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Williston Basin ◽

Floral Character ◽

History Of ◽

Coal Petrology ◽

The Individual ◽

Peat Formation ◽

Primary Agent

Analysis of the Palaeocene Souris Lignite (northern Williston Basin) using coal petrology and palynology reveals the existence of seven different mire types forming six cycles of varying thickness and composition. The order of mire types within the individual cycles allows an idealized mire type succession to be defined. The principle factor driving the idealized mire type succession is decreasing water depth within the peat-forming environment (terrestrialization), which leads to an increase in species diversity and a change in floral character from ferns→ angiosperms→ gymnosperms. Increases in water depth are the primary agent responsible for the termination of individual cycles in the ancestral Souris mire. Changes in nutrient status of the mire may also promote major changes in the floral assemblage, contributing to cycle termination. Comparison of densinite:ulminite ratios for the central part of the Souris seam shows an overall decrease in the degree of humification south-westward, indicating increased subsidence towards the Williston Basin centre, where seam partings are more common. Fern-rich mire types dominate throughout most of the sampled part of the Souris seam and such mires have been interpreted as representing transitional stages in both modern and Tertiary peat-forming environments. Previous analysis of other parts of the Souris seam has revealed areas dominated by Taxodium forest mires, representing more stable environments. The co-existence of transitional and stable environments suggests that the ancestral Souris mire may have been deposited during the onset of the closing stages of Palaeocene peat formation in the northern part of the Williston Basin.

Download Full-text

Devitrification pores and their contribution to volcanic reservoirs: A case study in the Hailar Basin, NE China

Marine and Petroleum Geology ◽

10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.09.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 718-732 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Han Zheng ◽

Xiaomeng Sun ◽

Jiping Wang ◽

Defeng Zhu ◽

Xuqing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Ne China ◽

Hailar Basin ◽

Volcanic Reservoirs

Download Full-text

Rhenium–osmium (Re–Os) geochronology of crude oil from lacustrine source rocks of the Hailar Basin, NE China

Petroleum Science ◽

10.1007/s12182-020-00518-x ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qi-An Meng ◽

Xue Wang ◽

Qiu-Li Huo ◽

Zhong-Liang Dong ◽

Zhen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Source Rocks ◽

Radiometric Dating ◽

Age Dating ◽

Hydrocarbon Generation ◽

Ne China ◽

Petroleum Systems ◽

Younger Age ◽

Hailar Basin ◽

Age Trends

Abstract Re–Os radiometric dating of crude oil can be used to constrain the timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration or charge. This approach has been successfully applied to marine petroleum systems; however, this study reports on its application to lacustrine-sourced natural crude oils. Oil samples from multiple wells producing from the Cretaceous Nantun Formation in the Wuerxun-Beier depression of the Hailar Basin in NE China were analysed. Subsets of the Re–Os data are compatible with a Cretaceous hydrocarbon generation event (131.1 ± 8.4 Ma) occurring within 10 Myr of deposition of the Nantun Formation source rocks. In addition, two younger age trends of 54 ± 12 Ma and 1.28 ± 0.69 Ma can be regressed from the Re–Os data, which may reflect the timing of subsequent hydrocarbon generation events. The Re–Os geochronometer, when combined with complementary age dating techniques, can provide direct temporal constraints on the evolution of petroleum system in a terrestrial basin.

Download Full-text

Bituminous coals on emergent surfaces in an Asbian, lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) limestone succession on the North Wales carbonate platform, UK, and implications for palaeoclimate

Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society ◽

10.1144/pygs2020-006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. pygs2020-006

Author(s):

Peter del Strother ◽

Andrew Giże ◽

Cathy Hollis ◽

Duncan McLean

Keyword(s):

Carbonate Platform ◽

Local Development ◽

Vitrinite Reflectance ◽

Terrestrial Organic Matter ◽

The North ◽

North Wales ◽

Bituminous Coals ◽

Coal Petrology ◽

Mississippian Limestone ◽

Peat Formation

Emergent surfaces in the Mississippian (Asbian to Brigantian) carbonate platform succession of North Wales record periods of plant colonisation and peat formation that led ultimately to the local development of coals. Examination of bituminous coals on three emergent surfaces within Cefn Mawr Quarry reveals information on palaeoclimate that is not available from study of the limestones alone. Three coal seams in the Asbian Loggerheads Limestone Formation were identified and the lowest one studied in detail. Vitrinite reflectance data from alternating bands of vitrite and duroclarite microlithotypes, the distribution of pyrite within them, and the sharp contacts between them, suggest that there were abrupt changes in marine influence during the development of the peats that formed the coals. It is inferred that local palaeoclimate alternated between periods of high and low rainfall, the amount of rainfall influencing the extent to which seawater encroached into the peats, with higher rainfall suppressing the ingress of saline waters into groundwater. On the basis of modern peat growth rates, the timescale of the alternation indicated by each duroclarite-vitrite couplet is suggestive of an annual cycle, such as would arise in a monsoonal climate. The low proportion of ash in the three coals, the preservation of internal lamination, the low diversity of spore species in the lowest coal compared with the over- and underlying mudrock, and the presence of rhizoconcretions in palaeokarstic limestone beneath the lowest and highest coals, demonstrate that the peat swamps were isolated from the hinterland and autochthonous. This study demonstrates that a wider application of palynology and coal petrology is an important contribution to the study of marine carbonate successions of any age where terrestrial organic matter, formed during emergence, has been preserved.

Download Full-text

Dawsonite formation in the Beier Sag, Hailar Basin, NE China tuff: A natural analog for mineral carbon storage

Applied Geochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2014.07.015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 155-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bing Zhou ◽

Li Liu ◽

Shuang Zhao ◽

Xiao-Ran Ming ◽

Eric H. Oelkers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Ne China ◽

Natural Analog ◽

Hailar Basin

Download Full-text

Microstructure Investigation of Oil-Bearing Rhyolites: A Case Study from the Hailar Basin, NE China

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10080699 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 699

Author(s):

Anqi Mao ◽

Han Zheng ◽

Xiaomeng Sun

Keyword(s):

Hydrocarbon Reservoirs ◽

Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽

Porous Rocks ◽

Ne China ◽

Fluorescence Image ◽

Crystal Dissolution ◽

Rhyolitic Lava ◽

Hailar Basin ◽

Quantitative Analyses

Understanding the microstructure of rhyolites may greatly promote exploration efforts on rhyolitic hydrocarbon reservoirs; however, related studies are sparse. In this contribution, the microstructure and related porosity of oil-bearing rhyolitic lavas from the Hailar Basin (NE China) were investigated using a combination of optical microscopy, fluorescence image analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The direct visual and quantitative analyses show that the rhyolites are heterogeneous and porous rocks and have complex microstructures. Phenocryst-rich rhyolitic lava, perlitic lava, and spherulitic rhyolite may be favorable targets for rhyolitic hydrocarbon exploration. For the phenocryst-rich rhyolitic lavas, embayment pores, cleavages, cavitational and shear fractures, and intracrystalline sieve pores are commonly observed in the phenocrysts; while flow-parallel laminar and micropores are ubiquitous in the groundmass. Perlitic lavas are characterized by the occurrence of numerous perlitic fractures which can also be produced in the glassy groundmass of other lavas. Spherulitic rhyolites mainly consist of small-sized (<1 mm) clustered or large-sized (>1 mm) isolated spherulites. Clustered spherulites are characterized by the development of interspherulite pores. Isolated spherulites contain numerous radiating micropores. Both types of spherulites may have water expulsion pores formed in the spherulite–glass border. The formation of the microstructure and related porosity of rhyolites is controlled by pre-, syn- (e.g., deuteric crystal dissolution, cavitation, ductile–brittle deformation, and high-T devitrification), and post-volcanic (e.g., hydration and low-T devitrification) processes. Although pores with diameters > 50 μm are often observed, small pores dominate in pore-size distribution. Small (<15 μm) and large (>300 μm) pores give the most volumetric contribution in most cases. Medium-sized pores with diameters ranging from ~150–300 μm are the least developed and contribute the least to the total volume. The results of this paper can be beneficial to further the understanding of the microstructure and pore system of rhyolites and may be applied to rhyolitic lava hydrocarbon reservoirs elsewhere.

Download Full-text

Coal petrology analysis and implications in depositional environments from Upper Cretaceous to Miocene: a study case in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-44734/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Clara Guatame ◽

Marco Rincón

Keyword(s):

Upper Cretaceous ◽

Facies Analysis ◽

Depositional Environments ◽

Estuarine System ◽

Stratigraphic Position ◽

San Fernando ◽

Study Case ◽

Coal Petrology ◽

Geological Units ◽

Peat Formation

Abstract Coal petrological characteristics along the Piedemonte Llanero and the reconstruction of the deposit environment were obtained from macerals and micro-lithotypes analysis since these data provide information about the processes and prevalent conditions during the peat formation. We analyzed seams from Cenomanian to Miocene geological units (Chipaque Formation, Palmichal Group, Arcillas del Limbo Formation, and San Fernando Formation). Coal range decreases gradually from high-volatile C bituminous (HVCB) in the Chipaque Formation to sub-bituminous C in the San Fernando Formation. The coals are enriched in macerals of vitrinite, whereas the liptinite and inertinite concentrations vary according to the stratigraphic position. The micro-lithotypes are bi-maceral and tri-macerals, being the highest concentrations of clarite and vitrinertoliptite. The results of the facies analysis show that the peat in which the coals developed is mainly of arboreal and herbaceous affinity (rich in lignin and cellulose). Peats are ombrotrophic (rainfed) to mesotrophic (transitional or mixed mires) with variations in the flooding surface and influxes of brackish water. Good tissue preservation is inferred from the wet conditions in forest swamps with few humification and gelation. According to the micro-lithotypes composition, the peat environment was deduced as estuarine system, evolving to lacustrine environment of the deltaic system, both restricted by changes in sea level, which are evidenced by oxic and anoxic periods in the analyzed sequence.

Download Full-text