Comparison between slow and rapid freezing for adrenal gland cryopreservation and xenotransplantation

Cryobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
li Shasha ◽  
li Zhongjie ◽  
fan Lingling ◽  
V.D. Ustichenko ◽  
O.V. Pakhomov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Rapid Freezing

Ultra-Rapid Freezing of Isolated Skeletal Muscle Fibers

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
Joachim R. Sommer ◽  
Nancy R. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Granular Material ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Frog Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Isolation

After Howell (1) had shown that ruthenium red treatment of fixed frog skeletal muscle caused collapse of the intermediate cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), forming a pentalaminate structure by obi iterating the SR lumen, we demonstrated that the phenomenon involves the entire SR including the nuclear envelope and that it also occurs after treatment with other cations, including calcium (2,3,4).From these observations we have formulated a hypothesis which states that intracellular calcium taken up by the SR at the end of contraction causes the M rete to collapse at a certain threshold concentration as the first step in a subsequent centrifugal zippering of the free SR toward the junctional SR (JSR). This would cause a) bulk transport of SR contents, such as calcium and granular material (4) into the JSR and, b) electrical isolation of the free SR from the JSR.

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

Cryogenic atomic force microscopy

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
K. A. Fisher ◽  
M. G. L. Gustafsson ◽  
M. B. Shattuck ◽  
J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
Soft Or ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Flexible Molecules ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Chemical Perturbation

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is capable of imaging electrically conductive and non-conductive surfaces at atomic resolution. When used to image biological samples, however, lateral resolution is often limited to nanometer levels, due primarily to AFM tip/sample interactions. Several approaches to immobilize and stabilize soft or flexible molecules for AFM have been examined, notably, tethering coating, and freezing. Although each approach has its advantages and disadvantages, rapid freezing techniques have the special advantage of avoiding chemical perturbation, and minimizing physical disruption of the sample. Scanning with an AFM at cryogenic temperatures has the potential to image frozen biomolecules at high resolution. We have constructed a force microscope capable of operating immersed in liquid n-pentane and have tested its performance at room temperature with carbon and metal-coated samples, and at 143° K with uncoated ferritin and purple membrane (PM).

An adrenocortical oncocytoma with unusual mitochondrial inclusions and cytoplasmic crystals

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
W.T. Gunning ◽  
G.D. Haselhuhn ◽  
E.R. Phillips ◽  
S.H. Selman
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Vascular Invasion ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Nuclear Morphology ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Microscopic Evidence

Within the last few years, adrenal cortical tumors with features concordant with the diagnostic criteria attributed to oncocytomas have been reported. To date, only nine reported cases exist in the literature. This report is the tenth case presentation of a presumptively benign neoplasm of the adrenal gland with a rare differentiation. Oncocytomas are well recognized benign tumors of the thyroid, parathyroid, and salivary glands and of the kidney. Other organs also give rise to these types of tumors, however with less frequency than the former sites. The characteristics generally used to classify a tumor as an oncocytoma include the following criteria: the tumor is 1) usually a solitary circumscribed mass with no gross nor microscopic evidence of metastasis (no tissue nor vascular invasion), 2) fairly bland in terms of mitotic activity and nuclear morphology, and 3) composed of large eosinophillic cells in which the cytoplasm is packed full of mitochondria (Figure 1).

Freeze-substitution of rye grass and ragweed pollen grains

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Liza B. Martinez ◽  
Susan M. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Cell Function ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Acrylic Resins ◽  
Allergenic Proteins ◽  
Cold Embedding ◽  
Structural Preservation

Rapid freezing and freeze-substitution have been employed as alternatives to chemical fixation because of the improved structural preservation obtained in various cell types. This has been attributed to biomolecular immobilization derived from the extremely rapid arrest of cell function. These methods allow the elimination of conventionally used fixatives, which may have denaturing or “masking” effects on proteins. Thus, this makes them ideal techniques for immunocytochemistry, in which preservation of both ultrastructure and antigenicity are important. These procedures are also compatible with cold embedding acrylic resins which are known to increase sensitivity in immunolabelling.This study reveals how rapid freezing and freeze-substitution may prove to be useful in the study of the mobile allergenic proteins of rye grass and ragweed. Most studies have relied on the use of osmium tetroxide to achieve the necessary ultrastructural detail in pollen whereas those that omitted it have had to contend with poor overall preservation.

Ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of the rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system processed by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution fixation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 884-885
Author(s):  
Seiji Shioda ◽  
Yasumitsu Nakai ◽  
Atsushi Ichikawa ◽  
Hidehiko Ochiai ◽  
Nobuko Naito
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Sodium Metaperiodate ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Electron Microscopes

The ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells and glia cells in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus and the neurohypophysis (PN) was studied after rapid freezing followed by substituion fixation. Also, the ultrastructural localization of vasopressin (VP) or its carrier protein neurophys in II (NPII) in the SON and PN was demonstrated by using a post-embedding immunoco1loidal gold staining method on the tissue sections processed by rapid freezing and freeze-substitution fixation.Adult male Wistar rat hypothalamus and pituitary gland were quenched by smashing against a copper block surface precooled with liquid helium and freeze-substituted in 3% osmium tetroxide-acetone solutions kept at -80°C for 36-48h. After substituion fixation, the tissue blocks were warmed up to room temperature, washed in acetone and then embedded in an Epon-Araldite mixture. Ultrathin sections mounted on 200 mesh nickel grids were immersed in saturated sodium metaperiodate and then incubated in each of the following solutions: 1 % egg albumin in phosphate buffer, VP or NPII (1/1000-1/5000) antiserum 24h at 4°C, 3) colloidal gold solution (1/20) 1h at 20°C. The sections were washed with distilled waterand dried, then stained with uranylacetate and lead citrate and examined with Hitachi HU-12A and H-800 electron microscopes.

Rapid Freezing of Freeze-Etch Specimens

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 752-755
Author(s):  
A. Elgsaeter ◽  
T. Espevik ◽  
G. Kopstad
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Relative Velocity ◽  
Thermal Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Freeze Etching

The importance of a high rate of temperature decrease (“rapid freezing”) when freezing specimens for freeze-etching has long been recognized1. The two basic methods for achieving rapid freezing are: 1) dropping the specimen onto a metal surface at low temperature, 2) bringing the specimen instantaneously into thermal contact with a liquid at low temperature and subsequently maintaining a high relative velocity between the liquid and the specimen. Over the last couple of years the first method has received strong renewed interest, particularily as the result of a series of important studies by Heuser and coworkers 2,3. In this paper we will compare these two freezing methods theoretically and experimentally.

Contribution of Adrenaline to the Fibrinolytic Activity Evoked by E. Coli Endotoxin in the Rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (02) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
J F Fracasso ◽  
A M Rothschild
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking

SummaryIntravenous injection of E. coli endotoxin (ETX), of adrenaline (AD) or of carbamylcholine (CBCH), caused fibrinolytic activity (FA), directly detectable on plasminogen-rich fibrin plates, to appear in the plasma of the rat. Adrenodemedul- lation abolished responses to ETX or CBCH, but enhanced those to AD. Rats given ETX exhibited marked hypotension, followed by a compensatory phase of normotension abolished by adrenodemedullation and significantly attenuated by phenoxy- benzamine, an a-adrenergic blocking agent which however failed to block FA caused by either ETX or AD. Aspirin, but not indomethacin, inhibited FA evoked by ETX, AD or CBCH. These results suggest that FA evoked by ETX in the rat is caused by AD released from the adrenal gland and does involve the fatty acid cyclooxygenase system.

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