The effects of cultural differences between the us and saudi arabia on emergency evacuation—Analysis of self reported recogntion/reaction times and cognitive state

This study examined cultural differences in advance care planning (ACP) and various strategies that social workers use to initiate conversations on ACP. We conducted qualitative interviews with 12 social workers in South Korea and the US and a thematic content analysis of the transcribed data. Our findings show that different cultural norms and generational viewpoints surrounding death and health-related decision-making influence how people prepare for end-of-life care (EOLC). Whereas principles of self-determination and autonomy guide ACP practices in the US, decisions regarding EOLC are more often made in consultation with family members in Korean and Korean-American communities. Nevertheless, social workers in both countries identified relationship-building, empowerment, and individualized approaches as common strategies in initiating discussions on ACP.

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Barriers to the Diffusion and Adoption of Green Buildings in Saudi Arabia

Journal of Management and Sustainability ◽

10.5539/jms.v5n4p104 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ibrahim Mosly

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Water Conservation ◽

Green Building ◽

Green Buildings ◽

Government Policies ◽

Research Approach ◽

The Public ◽

Environmental Disasters ◽

The Us ◽

And Diffusion

<p>Many countries around the globe have recently pursued sustainability. The public and governments are demanding sustainability due to worldwide environmental disasters caused by pollution and man-made activities that impact the ecological system. Green buildings represent a significant component of sustainability, as their construction is intended to reduce natural resources consumption through energy and water conservation. Saudi Arabia is one of the world’s richest countries, but its number of certified green buildings is notably low. In addition, all of these buildings are certified by the US Green Building Council LEED rating system and not by a national organization. It seems that numerous barriers exist, slowing the development and diffusion of green buildings in Saudi Arabia. Through a systematic qualitative research approach, this research aims to explore barriers to the diffusion and adoption of green buildings in Saudi Arabia, which will facilitate the development of green buildings in Saudi Arabia. This research concludes the identification of 14 green building barriers, with lack of skilled personal and unsupportive government policies and regulations being the most significant barriers.</p>

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Gender and National Differences in Attitudes toward Same-Gender Touch

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/003151259407800364 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 1027-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frank N. Willis ◽

Vicki A. Rawdon

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Female Students ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

The Other ◽

Male And Female ◽

New Methods ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

National Differences ◽

The Us ◽

Same Gender

Women have been reported to be more positive about same-gender touch, but cross-cultural information about this touch is limited. Male and female students from Chile (n = 26), Spain (n = 61), Malaysia (n = 32), and the US (n = 77) completed a same-gender touch scale. As in past studies, US women had more positive scores than US men. Malaysians had more negative scores than the other three groups. Spanish and US students had more positive scores than Chilean students. National differences in attitudes toward particular types of touch were also noted. The need for new methods for examining cross-cultural differences in touch was discussed.

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Cultural variations in global and local attention and eye-movement patterns during the perception of complex visual scenes: Comparison of Czech and Taiwanese university students

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242501

Author(s):

Jiří Čeněk ◽

Jie-Li Tsai ◽

Čeněk Šašinka

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Eye Movement ◽

Scene Perception ◽

Cognitive Styles ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Movement Patterns ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Global And Local

Previous research on cross-cultural differences in visual attention has been inconclusive. Some studies have suggested the existence of systematic differences in global and local attention and context sensitivity, while others have produced negative or mixed results. The objective in this study was to examine the similarities and differences in holistic and analytic cognitive styles in a sample of Czech and Taiwanese university students. Two cognitive tasks were conducted: a Compound Figures Test and a free-viewing scene perception task which manipulated several focal objects and measured eye-movement patterns. An analysis of the reaction times in the Compound Figures Test showed no clear differences between either sample. An analysis of eye-movement metrics showed certain differences between the samples. While Czechs tended to focus relatively more on the focal objects measured by the number of fixations, the Taiwanese subjects spent more time fixating on the background. The results were consistent for scenes with one or two focal objects. The results of a correlation analysis of both tasks showed that they were unrelated. These results showed certain differences between the samples in visual perception but were not as systematic as the theory of holistic and analytic cognitive styles would suggest. An alternative model of cross-cultural differences in cognition and perception is discussed.

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The Meaning of Aggression Varies Across Culture: Testing the Measurement Invariance of the Refined Aggression Questionnaire in samples from Spain, the US, and Hong Kong

10.31234/osf.io/a7zg4 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Gallardo-Pujol ◽

Eva Penelo ◽

Cindy Sit ◽

Montsant Jornet-Gibert ◽

Carlos Suso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Cultural Variables ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

The Us ◽

Aggression Questionnaire ◽

Behavior Models ◽

Refined Version

Cultural differences in aggression are still poorly understood. The purpose of this article is to assess whether a tool for measuring aggression has the same meaning across cultures. Analyzing samples from Spain (n=262), US (n=344) and Hong-Kong (n=645), we used confirmatory factor analysis to investigate measurement invariance of the refined version of the Aggression-Questionnaire (Bryant & Smith, 2001). The measurement of aggression was more equivalent between the Chinese and Spanish versions than between these two and the American version. Aggression does not show invariance at the culture level. Cultural variables such as affective autonomy or individualism may influence the meaning of aggression. Aggressive behavior models can be improved by incorporating cultural variables.

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Desert Geopolitics

Comparative Studies of South Asia Africa and the Middle East ◽

10.1215/1089201x-8916953 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 88-105

Author(s):

Natalie Koch

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Middle East ◽

Environmental History ◽

Political Geography ◽

Us Southwest ◽

Space And Time ◽

Political Narratives ◽

The Us ◽

Milk Cows ◽

History Of

Abstract In 2014 the largest dairy company in the Middle East, Almarai, purchased a farm near Vicksburg, Arizona, to grow alfalfa as feed for cattle in Saudi Arabia. Almarai is headquartered at Al Kharj farms, just outside of Riyadh, where it has a herd of more than 93,000 milk cows. Given that dairy and alfalfa farms both require an immense amount of water to maintain, what explains these developments in the deserts of Arizona and Arabia? The answers are historical and contemporary, demanding an approach to “desert geopolitics” that explains how environmental and political narratives bind experts across space and time. As a study in political geography and environmental history, this article uncovers a geopolitics of connection that has long linked the US Southwest and the Middle East, as well as the interlocking imperial visions advanced in their deserts. To understand these arid entanglements, I show how Almarai's purchase of the Vicksburg farm is part of a genealogy of exchanges between Saudi Arabia and Arizona that dates to the early 1940s. The history of Al Kharj and the decades-long agricultural connections between Arizona and Saudi Arabia sheds light on how specific actors imagine the “desert” as a naturalized site of scarcity, but also of opportunity to build politically and economically useful bridges between the two regions.

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A Cross-Cultural Perspective on Motives and Patterns of Brand Recommendation in Social Media

International Journal of Online Marketing ◽

10.4018/ijom.2018040102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 27-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Castulus Kolo ◽

Stefan Widenhorn ◽

Anna-Lena Borgstedt ◽

David Eicher

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Formal Education ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Substantial Influence ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

The Us ◽

Do So

This article describes how today, social media enable users to comment on brands in a multitude of ways. Although it is undoubted that this can have a substantial influence on the way brands impact on consumers, comparatively little is known about what motivates consumers to recommend brands in social media and whether there are cultural differences therein. This article aims to determine the factors leading to either positive or negative communication about brands on Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and brand-related blogs based on a representative sample from Germany and the US, each with 1,000 adults. Complementary to an analysis of factors determining a general inclination to recommend, a principal component analysis of the diverse motives to do so exhibits patterns being largely consistent in a cross-cultural perspective, however, with differences in specific practices concerning gender, age, and formal education. A cluster analysis as well as taking a look at “influencers” provide a basis for developing differentiated strategies of brand communication and management respectively.

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A comparative multimodal analysis of restaurant reviews from two geographical contexts

Visual Communication ◽

10.1177/1470357216634005 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 3-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alice Chik ◽

Camilla Vásquez

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Multimodal Analysis ◽

Community Norms ◽

The Us ◽

Semiotic Resources ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

Restaurant Reviews ◽

Formal Properties

In this article, the authors offer a comparative approach to the analysis of a popular internet genre – user-generated restaurant reviews – sampled from two different websites ( OpenRice and Yelp), which have emerged from two different geographic contexts (Hong Kong and the US). Their investigation reveals both similarities and differences of in terms of review format, content discussed and the use of several semiotic resources, such as the posting of photographs, the use of emoticons and emoji, and the expressive use of orthography and punctuation. The authors demonstrate that, while many of the formal properties of the genre are quite similar, some variations in review content may reflect underlying cultural differences. Furthermore, they show not only how the website’s architecture can either constrain or encourage the use (or non-use) of particular semiotic resources, but also suggest that other variables (i.e. orthographic systems, review community norms) may interact with medium factors.

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