scholarly journals Effects of early nutrition and sanitary conditions on antibody levels in early and later life of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 103954
Author(s):  
M.S. Hollemans ◽  
G. de Vries Reilingh ◽  
S. de Vries ◽  
H.K. Parmentier ◽  
A. Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

scholarly journals Effects of Early Nutrition and Sanitary Conditions on Oral Tolerance and Antibody Responses in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten S. Hollemans ◽  
Ger de Vries Reilingh ◽  
Sonja de Vries ◽  
Henk K. Parmentier ◽  
Aart Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Oral Tolerance ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Greater antigenic exposure might accelerate activation and maturation of the humoral immune system. After hatch, commercial broiler chickens can have early (EN) or delayed (DN) access to nutrition, up to 72 h after hatch. The immune system of EN versus DN broilers is likely more exposed to antigens after hatch. This might contribute to activation and maturation of the immune system, but might also influence the development of oral tolerance, thereby altering later life antibody responses. We studied antibody (IgM, IgY, IgA) responses between 21 and 42 d of age in fast-growing EN and DN broilers, kept under low (LSC) or high sanitary conditions (HSC). In a first experiment (n = 51 broilers), we tested whether early oral exposure to bovine serum albumin (BSA) affected later life antibody responses towards BSA and a novel antigen—rabbit γ-globulin (RGG), under HSC. In a second experiment, a total of 480 EN and DN broilers were housed under either LSC or HSC, and we studied antibody responses against both BSA and RGG (n = 48 broilers per treatment) and growth performance. Broilers kept under LSC versus HSC, had higher antibody levels and their growth performance was severely depressed. Interactions between feeding strategy (EN versus DN) and sanitary conditions, or main effects of feeding strategy, on natural and specific antibody levels, and growth performance were not observed. Levels of IgA were elevated in EN versus DN broilers, in experiment I and in batch 2 of experiment II, but not in the other batches of experiment II. We concluded that EN versus DN contributes minimally to the regulation of antibody responses, irrespective of antigenic pressure in the rearing environment.

scholarly journals Effects of hatching system on the welfare of broiler chickens in early and later life

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona F. Giersberg ◽  
Roos Molenaar ◽  
Ingrid C. de Jong ◽  
Carol Souza da Silva ◽  
Henry van den Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals Effects of coccidiosis control programs on antibody levels against selected pathogens and serum nitric oxide levels in broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.W. Lee ◽  
H.S. Lillehoj ◽  
S.I. Jang ◽  
G.X. Li ◽  
D.A. Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Antibody Levels

scholarly journals Expression of the Campylobacter jejuni FliD protein and its reaction to chicken sera

2020 ◽  
Vol 367 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Yan Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Meng-Jun Tang ◽  
Jun-Hua Pu ◽  
Yan-Feng Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Capping Protein ◽  
Cultural Status ◽  
Bacterial Gastroenteritis ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Culture Negative

ABSTRACT Campylobacter is a leading causative pathogen of acute bacterial gastroenteritis among humans. Contaminated chicken products are regarded as major sources of human infection. The flagellar capping protein (FliD), which plays important roles in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken ceca, is conserved among Campylobacter jejuni strains. In this study, the recombinant C. jejuni FliD protein was expressed, purified and used as a coated protein to examine the prevalence of C. jejuni antibodies in chickens. The anti-FliD antibody was prevalent among chicken serum samples taken from different farms in the diverse regions of Jiangsu province by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Campylobacter antibody was present in culture-negative chickens. No strong dose–response relationships were observed between serum FliD antibody levels and Campylobacter cultural status. These results provide a basis for further evaluating FliD as a vaccine candidate for broiler chickens or for examining host–C. jejuni interactions, with implications for improving food safety.

scholarly journals Development of the Immune System - Early Nutrition and Consequences for Later Life

10.5772/37902 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnn Kerperien ◽  
Bastiaan Schouten ◽  
Gnther Boehm ◽  
Linette E.M. ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition

scholarly journals Early nutrition and leptin concentrations in later life

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Singhal ◽  
I Sadaf Farooqi ◽  
Stephen O'Rahilly ◽  
Tim J Cole ◽  
Mary Fewtrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition

Persistence of Toxoplasma gondii tissue stages in poultry over a conventional fattening cycle

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (11) ◽  
pp. 1359-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-C. GEUTHNER ◽  
M. KOETHE ◽  
M. LUDEWIG ◽  
S. POTT ◽  
G. SCHARES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Turkey Meat ◽  
Edible Tissues ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Immunofluorescent Antibody Test

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondii is a widely spread protozoon in humans, mammals and poultry. Regarding the latter, nothing is known yet about the duration of T. gondii persistence and distribution over a conventional fattening cycle of turkeys and chickens. Twenty-four turkeys and 12 broiler chickens were infected intravenously with 1×106T. gondii tachyzoites (strain NED). Serum antibody levels were determined weekly by ELISA (turkeys) or immunofluorescent antibody test (chickens). Turkeys were slaughtered at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-infection (p.i.), and chickens 5 or 10 weeks p.i. (n = 6 per group). Sixteen different tissue samples per bird were analysed for T. gondii by PCR. All infected animals showed seroconversion. In turkeys, 15·9% of all samples were tested positive for T.-gondii-DNA. Among the edible tissues (drumstick, thigh, breast muscle, heart, liver and gizzard) 7·8% tested positive. Among poultry slaughtered after different periods of time after infection no significant differences (P>0·05) regarding the number of positive samples were observed. Only 4 out of 192 samples (2·1%) from infected chickens contained detectable T. gondii DNA.The PCR findings suggested that T. gondii may persist in poultry. Particularly in turkey it was shown that edible tissues stay infected for at least 16 weeks p.i. which indicates a potential risk for consumers of undercooked turkey meat whereas chickens appear less susceptible to T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals Effects of floor eggs on hatchability and later life performance in broiler chickens

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. van den Brand ◽  
M.P. Sosef ◽  
A. Lourens ◽  
J. van Harn
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Later Life

scholarly journals Adenoviral Gizzard Erosion in Commercial Broiler Chickens

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ono ◽  
Y. Okuda ◽  
S. Yazawa ◽  
Y. Imai ◽  
I. Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Antibody Levels

Pathologic and immunohistochemical changes caused by group I of the fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype-1 99ZH strain, isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, were investigated in commercial broiler chickens. One hundred twenty-two chickens were inoculated with the strain by both oral and ocular routes at 1, 3, or 5 weeks of age and euthanatized for necropsy within 4–18 days of inoculation. Focal gizzard erosions were observed in the inoculated chickens of each age group. A histologically degenerative koilin layer, necrotic mucosa, intranuclear inclusion bodies in the glandular epithelial cells, inflammatory cell infiltrations in the lamina propria, submucosa, and a muscle layer were seen in the gizzards. Immunohistochemical staining showed evidence of FAV antigens in the intranuclear inclusion bodies. These findings were recognized regardless of their maternal antibody levels for FAV serotype-1. Gizzard lesions appeared later in the lower-dose-inoculated chickens than in the higher-dose–inoculated chickens. Numerous CD3-positive cells and IgY-positive plasma cells were seen in the gizzard lesions. In 5-week-old chickens the heterophil infiltrations in the lesions were milder than in younger chickens. Intranuclear inclusion bodies also were observed in the epithelial cells of the ileum or cecal tonsils of some chickens. Thus, this study shows that FAV-99ZH causes adenoviral gizzard erosion in broiler chickens without hepatic or pancreatic lesions and that cell infiltration is more severe than in dietary gizzard erosions.

scholarly journals The influence of a diet supplemented with 20% rye and xylanase in different housing systems on the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in broiler chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Pyzik ◽  
Renata Urban-Chmiel ◽  
Agnieszka Chałabis-Mazurek ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
Anna Arczewska-Włosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

AbstractSanitary conditions and diet are important elements determining the occurrence of pathogens in animals. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of an experimental diet with rye and xylanase for broiler chickens in cages and in a free-range system on the intestinal microbiome. The study was carried out in two experimental stages, the first on 224 1-d-old male Ross 308 chickens with an initial weight of 41 g, and the second on 2000 1-d-old male chickens with an initial weight of 42 g. All birds were reared to 42 d of age and fed crumbled starter (1 to 21 d) and pelleted grower–finisher (22 to 42 d) isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets, supplemented with 20% rye and/or 200 mg/kg xylanase. Directly after slaughter, bacteria were isolated from the cloaca of birds and identified using classical microbiological methods and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria was assessed by the disc diffusion method. The study showed the presence of abundant bacteria in the gut microbiome of chickens kept in both housing systems. The most frequently isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Proteus spp., Campylobacter spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Antibiotic resistance was significantly higher in E. coli, Proteus spp., and Campylobacter spp. obtained from chickens from the free-range farm, but in the case of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus, resistance was higher in bacteria from caged birds. The high antibiotic resistance among pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract necessitates the search for means to control the microbiome in favour of beneficial bacteria. The significant influence of rye and xylanase on the bacterial content may be the basis for the introduction of this method to support the control of pathogens.

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