Impaired day-to-day activities worsened but diabetes control improved self-rated health: The UK diabetes survey, 2006

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Shiue
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Diabetes Survey ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Health at the ballot box: disease threat does not predict attractiveness preference in British politicians

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 160049
Author(s):  
Gustav Nilsonne ◽  
Adam Renberg ◽  
Sandra Tamm ◽  
Mats Lekander
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Adaptive Behaviours ◽  
The Uk

According to disease avoidance theory, selective pressures have shaped adaptive behaviours to avoid people who might transmit infections. Such behavioural immune defence strategies may have social and societal consequences. Attractiveness is perceived as a heuristic cue of good health, and the relative importance of attractiveness is predicted to increase during high disease threat. Here, we investigated whether politicians' attractiveness is more important for electoral success when disease threat is high, in an effort to replicate earlier findings from the USA. We performed a cross-sectional study of 484 members of the House of Commons from England and Wales. Publicly available sexiness ratings (median 5883 ratings/politician) were regressed on measures of disease burden, operationalized as infant mortality, life expectancy and self-rated health. Infant mortality in parliamentary constituencies did not significantly predict sexiness of elected members of parliament ( p  = 0.08), nor did life expectancy ( p  = 0.06), nor self-rated health ( p  = 0.55). Subsample analyses failed to provide further support for the hypothesis. In conclusion, an attractive leader effect was not amplified by disease threat in the UK and these results did not replicate those of earlier studies from the USA concerning the relationship between attractiveness, disease threat and voting preference.

scholarly journals Factors associated with poor self-reported health within the UK military and comparisons with the general population: a cohort study

JRSM Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 205427041769272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C Jenkins ◽  
Sharon AM Stevelink ◽  
Nicola T Fear
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Military

Objective To investigate the self-rated health of the UK military and explore factors associated with poor self-rated health. Compare self-rated health of the military to the general population. Design A cohort study. Participants A total of 7626 serving and ex-serving UK military personnel, aged between 25 and 49; 19,452,300 civilians from England and Wales. Setting United Kingdom (military), England and Wales (civilians). Main outcome measures Self rated health for both populations. Additional data for the military sample included measures of symptoms of common mental disorder (General Health Questionnaire-12), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (post-traumatic stress disorder checklist Civilian Version), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), smoking behaviour, history of self-harm and body mass index. Results In the military sample, poor self-rated health was significantly associated with: common mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology, a history of self-harm, being obese, older age (ages 35–49) and current smoking status. However, the majority of military personnel report good health, with levels of poor self-rated health (13%) not significantly different to those reported by the general population (12.1%). Conclusions Self-rated health appears to relate to aspects of both physical and psychological health. The link between poor self-rated health and psychological ill-health emphasises the need for military support services to continue addressing mental health problems.

scholarly journals What underlies the difference between self-reported health and disability after stroke? A qualitative study in the UK

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahal Mavaddat ◽  
Euan Sadler ◽  
Lisa Lim ◽  
Kate Williams ◽  
Elizabeth Warburton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Disability ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background Levels of self-reported health do not always correlate with levels of physical disability in stroke survivors. We aimed to explore what underlies the difference between subjective self-reported health and objectively measured disability among stroke survivors. Methods Face to face semi-structured interviews were conducted with stroke survivors recruited from a stroke clinic or rehabilitation ward in the UK. Fifteen stroke survivors purposively sampled from the clinic who had discordant self-rated health and levels of disability i.e. reported health as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ despite significant physical disability (eight), or as ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ despite minimal disability (seven) were compared to each other, and to a control group of 13 stroke survivors with concordant self-rated health and disability levels. Interviews were conducted 4 to 6 months after stroke and data analysed using the constant comparative method informed by Albrecht and Devlieger’s concept of ‘disability paradox’. Results Individuals with ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ self-rated health reported a sense of self-reliance and control over their bodies, focussed on their physical rehabilitation and lifestyle changes and reported few bodily and post-stroke symptoms regardless of level of disability. They also frequently described a positive affect and optimism towards recovery. Some, especially those with ‘good’ self-rated health and significant disability also found meaning from their stroke, reporting a spiritual outlook including practicing daily gratitude and acceptance of limitations. Individuals with minimal disability reporting ‘fair’ or ‘poor’ self-rated health on the other hand frequently referred to their post-stroke physical symptoms and comorbidities and indicated anxiety about future recovery. These differences in psychological outlook clustered with differences in perception of relational and social context including support offered by family and healthcare professionals. Conclusions The disability paradox may be illuminated by patterns of individual attributes and relational dynamics observed among stroke survivors. Harnessing these wider understandings can inform new models of post-stroke care for evaluation.

scholarly journals 242Exploring health in the UK Biobank: cross-sectional analyses of sociodemographic, psychosocial, lifestyle and environmental factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Charlotte J Roscoe ◽  
Cathryn M Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Standard Risk

Abstract Background Our aim was to examine sociodemographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, lifestyle and environmental exposures associated with health. Methods The UK Biobank recruited >500,000 participants, aged 37-73, between 2006-2010. Data on 81 cancer and 443 non-cancer illnesses were used to classify participants by insurance health status (non-standard risk/standard risk). Long-standing illness (yes/no) and self-rated health (poor/fair/good/excellent) constituted secondary outcomes. Logistic and ordinal regression models were fit to estimate associations between explanatory variables and health. Results 307,378 participants (mean age=56.1; 51.9% female) were selected for cross-sectional analyses. Low household income, high levels of neighbourhood deprivation, being male, loneliness and social isolation were associated with poor health. Walking frequency and engaging in vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with positive health, whereas long sleep duration, high body mass index and smoking were associated with poor health. Alcohol intake less frequent than 1-2 times per week was associated with poor health. There was some evidence that high levels of airborne pollutants (PM2.5, PM10 and NO2) and noise (Lden) were associated with poor health, although findings were inconsistent once other factors had been adjusted for. Neighbourhood greenspace was associated with positive self-rated health. Conclusions Public health could put greater focus on non-medical factors such as loneliness, further encourage healthy lifestyle behaviours and weight management, and examine efforts to improve health outcomes of individuals in the lowest income groups. Key message Multiple sociodemographic, psychosocial, lifestyle and environmental factors are associated with health.

scholarly journals Intragenerational Social Mobility and Wellbeing in Great Britain. A Biomarker Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Präg ◽  
Nina-Sophie Fritsch ◽  
Lindsay Richards
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Null Results ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Outright Rejection ◽  
The Uk

Social theory has long predicted that social mobility, in particular downward social mobility, is detrimental to the wellbeing of individuals. Dissociative and ‘falling from grace’ theories suggest that mobility is stressful due to the weakening of social ties, feelings of alienation, and loss of status. In light of these theories, it is a puzzle that the majority of quantitative studies in this area have shown null results. Our approach to resolve the puzzle is twofold. First, we argue for a broader conception of the mobility process than is often used and thus focus on intragenerational occupational class mobility rather than restricting ourselves to the more commonly studied intergenerational mobility. Second, we argue that self-reported measures may be biased by habituation (or ‘entrenched deprivation’). Using nurse-collected health and biomarker data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, 2010–12, N = 4,123), we derive a measure of allostatic load as an objective gauge of physiological ‘wear and tear,’ and compare patterns of mobility effects with self-reports of health using diagonal reference models. Our findings indicate a strong class gradient in both allostatic load and self-rated health, and that both first and current job matter for current wellbeing outcomes. However, in terms of the effects of mobility itself, we find that intragenerational social mobility is consequential for allostatic load, but not for self-rated health. Downward mobility is detrimental and upward mobility beneficial for wellbeing as assessed by allostatic load. Thus, these findings do not support the idea of generalized stress from dissociation, but they do support the ‘falling from grace’ hypothesis of negative downward mobility effects. Our findings have a further implication, namely that the differences in mobility effects between the objective and subjective outcome infer the presence of entrenched deprivation. Null results in studies of self-rated outcomes may therefore be a methodological artifact, rather than an outright rejection of decades-old social theory.

scholarly journals Health Inequalities in the British Nursing Workforce

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ball ◽  
Richard Kyle ◽  
Iain Atherton ◽  
Nadine Dougall
Keyword(s):  
Good Health ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Social Gradient ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Geographical Inequalities ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Analysis

BackgroundAverage health in the UK is improving, yet geographical inequalities in health persist. The relative difference between the least and most deprived is also growing. Recent policy interventions to reduce these inequalities have not been effective. MethodsThis work compares Self-Rated Health using the ONS LS and SLS linked to an adjusted UK-consistent small-area Deprivation measure. This study aims to compare Nurses to the general population to assess whether they also exhibit a social gradient in health. Using a single occupational group adjusts for potential confounders and tests whether characteristics of Nurses, such a good health literacy, degree education and above average income, are protective against inequalities. ResultsIn Scotland, Nurses are more likely to be older, female, homeowners who live in less deprived areas with better Self-Rated Health than Non-Nurses. We will test whether the social gradient in health is observed for this occupational group.Forthcoming results from cross-national analysis will be presented at conference following disclosure checks. ConclusionThe relationship between area deprivation and health may remain even in relatively privileged groups. Results from this study may inform recommendations to improve the effectiveness of policy aimed at improving population health and reducing socio-economic inequalities in health

scholarly journals Cross-classification between self-rated health and health status: longitudinal analyses of all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in the UK

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mutz ◽  
Cathryn M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Objective Health ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
The Uk

AbstractRisk stratification is an important public health priority that is central to clinical decision making and resource allocation. The aim of this study was to examine how different combinations of self-rated and objective health status predict all-cause mortality and leading causes of death in the UK. The UK Biobank study recruited > 500,000 participants between 2006 and 2010. Self-rated health was assessed using a single-item question and health status was derived from medical history, including data on 81 cancer and 443 non-cancer illnesses. Analyses included > 370,000 middle-aged and older adults with a median follow-up of 11.75 (IQR = 1.4) years, yielding 4,320,270 person-years of follow-up. Compared to individuals with excellent self-rated health and favourable health status, individuals with other combinations of self-rated and objective health status had a greater mortality risk, with hazard ratios ranging from HR = 1.22 (95% CI 1.15–1.29, PBonf. < 0.001) for individuals with good self-rated health and favourable health status to HR = 7.14 (95% CI 6.70–7.60, PBonf. < 0.001) for individuals with poor self-rated health and unfavourable health status. Our findings highlight that self-rated health captures additional health-related information and should be more widely assessed. The cross-classification between self-rated health and health status represents a straightforward metric for risk stratification, with applications to population health, clinical decision making and resource allocation.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Health Inequalities in British Nurses

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
William Ball ◽  
Iain Atherton ◽  
Richard Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Area Deprivation ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Deprivation Measure ◽  
Cross National ◽  
Deprived Areas

IntroductionImprovements in health in the UK are beginning to stall. Differences between the health of people living in the most and least deprived areas continue to grow. An excess in mortality, not explained by deprivation, has been observed in Scotland. Some of this difference likely results from limitations in deprivation measures. Objectives and ApproachWe seek to test whether Nurses experience health inequalities in Self-Rated Health comparable with the general population. We also aim to explore cross-national differences within the Nursing occupational group. We utilise data from Census-derived Longitudinal Studies in Scotland and England & Wales which are linked to an adjusted UK-consistent Multiple Deprivation measure. The databases can only be accessed securely, so an innovative method (eDatashield) has been used to conduct analysis as if the two were combined. Nurses are of interest as they are a large occupational group with potentially protective characteristics against inequalities including high health literacy and level of education. Socioeconomic homogeneity in this group may reduce the effect of confounding when exploring area-based deprivation measures. ResultsComparing Nurses to Non-Nurses we found they have systematically different and more homogenous characteristics. Nurses are; older, have a higher level of education, are more likely to be female, own their home, are less likely to live in deprived areas and they report better Self-Rated Health. However, inequalities persist. Comparing Self-Rated Health of Scottish with English & Welsh Nurses will determine whether an ‘excess’ in worse health outcomes exists and if so, whether the UK- consistent Deprivation Measure can account for this. Full results will be cleared for dissemination through disclosure control, prior to the conference. Conclusion / ImplicationsEven in a privileged group with characteristics which protect against poor health, inequalities remain. The methods applied here present an opportunity for improved cross-national comparison and address limitations in confounding when exploring inequalities based on area deprivation.

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