Sex differences in coeliac disease risk: A Swedish sibling design study

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 909-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Johan Wingren ◽  
Daniel Agardh ◽  
Juan Merlo
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Sugiyama ◽  
Luis B. Agellon

The ability of nutrients to regulate specific metabolic pathways is often overshadowed by their role in basic sustenance. Consequently, the mechanisms whereby these nutrients protect against or promote a variety of acquired metabolic syndromes remains poorly understood. Premenopausal women are generally protected from the adverse effects of obesity despite having a greater proportion of body fat than men. Menopause is often associated with a transformation in body fat morphology and a gradual increase in the susceptibility to metabolic complications, eventually reaching the point where women and men are at equal risk. These phenomena are not explained solely by changes in food preference or nutrient intake suggesting an important role for the sex hormones in regulating the metabolic fate of nutrients and protecting against metabolic disease pathophysiology. Here, we discuss how differences in the acquisition, trafficking, and subceullular metabolism of fats and other lipid soluble nutrients in major organ systems can create overt sex-specific phenotypes, modulate metabolic disease risk, and contribute to the rise in obesity in the modern sedentary climate. Identifying the molecular mechanisms underpinning sex differences in fat metabolism requires the unravelling of the interactions among sex chromosome effects, the hormonal milieu, and diet composition. Understanding the mechanisms that give rise to sex differences in metabolism will help to rationalize treatment strategies for the management of sex-specific metabolic disease risk factors.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Halperin Kuhns ◽  
Owen M. Woodward

Hyperuricemia, or elevated serum urate, causes urate kidney stones and gout and also increases the incidence of many other conditions including renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. As we gain mechanistic insight into how urate contributes to human disease, a clear sex difference has emerged in the physiological regulation of urate homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of urate as a disease risk factor and how being of the female sex appears protective. Further, we review the mechanisms of renal handling of urate and the significant contributions from powerful genome-wide association studies of serum urate. We also explore the role of sex in the regulation of specific renal urate transporters and the power of new animal models of hyperuricemia to inform on the role of sex and hyperuricemia in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we advocate the use of sex differences in urate handling as a potent tool in gaining a further understanding of physiological regulation of urate homeostasis and for presenting new avenues for treating the constellation of urate related pathologies.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Weber ◽  
Peter Lugosi

PurposeFor attendees with allergies, intolerances and coeliac disease, accessing safe, nutritious and good quality food and drink is a vital but challenging dimension of events. This study sought to capture and analyse the lived event experiences of individuals with a variety of food-related health, wellbeing and safety needs.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted an inductive approach, using semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative data from participants with various food allergies and intolerances or coeliac disease.FindingsAttendees had low expectations regarding food choice, quality and value, which stemmed from past event experiences. Poor information about suitable food and drink, coupled with frontline staffs' perceived knowledge, responsiveness and care were frequently seen as sources of service failures. The data stress how exposure to potentially harmful foods and food avoidance influenced attendees' experiences. The findings also help to appreciate consumers' agency, identifying various coping strategies used by affected individuals to anticipate risks, engage in compensatory behaviours and mitigate the effects of unsuitable food and drink.Originality/valueThis study is unique in examining the event experiences of individuals with food allergies, intolerances and coeliac disease. It demonstrates how practices in the crucial domain of food and drink provision can affect the overall event experience, with potential consequences at, across and potentially beyond the venue and occasion. From a theoretical perspective, the study conceptualises intersections of risk, value-creation/destruction and experiential consumption. It shows the “episodic” and “perpetual” impacts of “risk loaded” consumption, while arguing that diverse value-creation/destruction practices mediate pathways leading to different experiential outcomes.


Author(s):  
Cecilia Lundholm ◽  
Henrik Larsson ◽  
Brian D’Onofrio ◽  
Catarina Almqvist

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. e806-e813 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Khashan ◽  
L. C. Kenny ◽  
C. Lundholm ◽  
P. M. Kearney ◽  
T. Gong ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 428-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Einarsdottir ◽  
L. L. E. Koskinen ◽  
A. L. de Kauwe ◽  
E. Dukes ◽  
K. Mustalahti ◽  
...  

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