The role of alcohol misuse in PTSD outcomes for women in community treatment: A secondary analysis of NIDA's Women and Trauma Study

The article discusses the causes of emergence and spreading of a still room (Lith. vaistinėlė, Pol. apteczka), the purpose of the room, the location in the house planning structure, relations to other premises, its equipment, as well as the role of a still room in everyday culture. An examination of the case of a single room, the still room, in a noblemen’s home is also aimed at illustrating the changes in home planning in the late eighteenth – early twentieth century: how they adapted to the changing hygiene standards, perception of personal space, involvement of the manor owners in community treatment, and changes in dining and hospitality culture. Keywords: still room, household medicine cabinet, manor house, interior, sczlachta culture, education, dining culture, modernisation, Lithuania.

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Placing women in Cytogenetics: Lore Zech and the chromosome banding technique

Molecular Cytogenetics ◽

10.1186/s13039-021-00560-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Felicitas Söhner ◽

Nils Hansson

Keyword(s):

Peer Group ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Banding Technique ◽

Karolinska Institute ◽

New Era ◽

Human Cytogenetics ◽

History Of ◽

Witness Interviews

Abstract Background Scholars agree that Torbjörn Caspersson’s lab at the Institute of Medical Cell Research and Genetics at the Karolinska Institute, Sweden, played a key role in the first description of the so-called Q-banding technique. It laid the foundation for a new era of cytogenetic diagnostics and had a lasting impact in several areas of biology and medicine. Methods Based on a mixed-method approach, essential aspects of the history of human cytogenetics are considered via primary and secondary analysis of biographical interviews as well as the qualitative evaluation of bibliometrics. Drawing on interviews with colleagues of lab member Lore Zech (1923–2013) and contemporary publications, this paper illuminates the role of and contribution by Zech: To what extent is the discovery attached to her and what does her legacy look like today? Results The analysis of the contemporary witness interviews with colleagues, students and junior researchers shows that Lore Zech was a committed member of Caspersson's research group. In addition, memoirs by contemporary colleagues describe her outstanding skills in microscopy. The different sources paint a multifaceted picture. In addition to the historians' patterns of interpretation, different legacies can also be found within the peer group. Conclusions We argue that Zech represent the type of scientist who, although her research was acknowledged with several prizes, so far has not been part of the canon of pioneers of international cytogenetics.

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The Role of Education in Breast Cancer Beliefs and Screening Practices Among Korean Women – A quantitative study

Journal of Transcultural Nursing ◽

10.1177/10436596211066812 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 104365962110668

Author(s):

Cannas Kwok ◽

Mi-Joung Lee ◽

Chun Fan Lee

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Korean Women ◽

Screening Practices ◽

Cancer Beliefs

Introduction: Cultural beliefs are influential factors that affect breast cancer screening practices among Korean women. The aim of this study was to examine the role of educational levels and compare the cultural beliefs associated with breast cancer screening practices among immigrant Korean women in Australia with those of their counterparts in Korea. Methods: A secondary analysis based on data from convenience samples of 245 and 249 Korean women living in Australia and Korea, respectively. Data were collected by the Korean version of Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire. Results: Educational level has a significant association with Korean women’s cultural beliefs about breast cancer and breast cancer screening practices regardless of country of residence. Discussion: Nurses working in multicultural societies should take cultural beliefs and the role of education into account while designing strategies to promote breast cancer screening practices among immigrant Korean women.

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US Army Drill Sergeants: Stressors, Behavioral Health, and Mitigating Factors

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usab002 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Toby D Elliman ◽

Molly E Schwalb ◽

Stephen Krauss ◽

Peter Mikoski ◽

Amy B Adler

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Health ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Alcohol Misuse ◽

Walter Reed Army Institute ◽

Risk And Resilience ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Us Army ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Resilience Factors

ABSTRACT Introduction The role of the drill sergeant is one of the most challenging within the US Army, involving unusually long hours and little time off, for a minimum of 2 years. The current study sought to examine the behavioral health of this population and identify risk factors that might be addressed by policy changes. Materials and Methods In total, 856 drill sergeants across all Army basic training sites completed surveys from September to November of 2018. Drill sergeants identified factors that had caused stress or worry during their assignment. Rates were measured for behavioral health outcomes including depression, insomnia, anxiety, burnout, functional impairment, alcohol misuse, aggression, and low morale. Potential risk and resilience factors included time as a drill sergeant, sleep, route of assignment, general leadership, health-promoting leadership, and drill sergeant camaraderie. The study was approved by the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research Institutional Review Board. Results The most commonly experienced stressors were finding time to exercise, lack of sleep, and long work hours. Percentages of drill sergeants meeting behavioral health screening criteria were 19% for depression, 27% for moderate-to-severe insomnia, 14% for generalized anxiety disorder, 48% for high burnout, 32% for functional impairment, 35% for moderate alcohol misuse, 32% for off-duty aggression, and 25% for low morale. Rates for most outcomes were associated with time spent as a drill sergeant, with behavioral health issues peaking during 13-18 months. Poorer outcomes were also associated with fewer hours of sleep and initial unhappiness regarding involuntary assignment to the role of drill sergeant, while better outcomes were associated with higher ratings of general leadership, health-promoting leadership, and drill sergeant camaraderie. Conclusions This study is the first to examine behavioral health and morale of drill sergeants and to identify risk and resilience factors. Suggestions for policy changes include increasing the number of drill sergeants to decrease workload and allow sufficient time for recovery and sleep.

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The Quandaries of Enforced Community Treatment and Unenforceable Outpatient Commitment Statutes

The Journal of Psychiatry & Law ◽

10.1177/0093185386014001-206 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2) ◽

pp. 149-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jeffrey L. Geller

Keyword(s):

Informed Consent ◽

Community Treatment ◽

Outpatient Commitment ◽

Legal Sanctions ◽

Least Restrictive Alternative

One response to the problems created by deinstitutionalization has been outpatient commitment. Involuntary community treatment presents a series of dilemmas, including those involving the role of enforced treatment in psychiatry, the implementation of informed consent, the application of “least restrictive alternative,” and the ever-widening liability of psychiatrists. While outpatient commitment itself presents conundrums, outpatient commitment which is unenforceable brings the psychiatrist to even further quandaries. Using Pennsylvania as an example, the difficulties posed by unenforceable outpatient commitment are presented. The author concludes that although coerced community treatment may be successful even without legal sanctions, this is not an ethically sound solution.

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Participation of the Population of a Region in the Implementation of the National Projects: Retrospect and Prospect

REGIONOLOGY ◽

10.15507/2413-1407.112.028.202003.490-515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 490-515

Author(s):

Elena A. Kranzeeva ◽

Anna V. Orlova ◽

Natalia V. Nyatina ◽

Nikita N. Grigorik

Keyword(s):

Living Arrangements ◽

Political Development ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Active Role ◽

Limited Participation ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Regional Programs ◽

Current Stage

Introduction. Russia’s National Projects focus on integrated interagency interactions between state and public participants. They accumulate various areas of social and political development of the territory. Mainstreaming the participation of the population in achieving the goals set consolidates and adjusts the vectors of change set by the National Projects. The purpose of the paper is to present a comprehensive analysis of the participation of the population in the implementation of the National Projects in a region on the basis of the study conducted, taking into account the characteristic features of the territory and the relevant forms of participation of local communities in accomplishing the stated tasks. Materials and Methods. The results of the “Kuzbass-Politics” monitoring initiative studies conducted in 2006 and 2018 were used as the materials for the analysis of this topic as well as the data of sociological surveys and reports on the implementation of the National Projects in Russia in 2019. To substantiate the implementation of the National Projects in the region, the method of systemic, structural and functional analysis was used. Results. The participation of the population in the implementation of the National Projects in a region has been analyzed using the example of the Kemerovo Region. The authors have studied the existing experience of implementation of the National Projects in 2005–2007 and compared it with that of the current stage (2019–2024). The materials of the secondary analysis have shown that the content of the new National Projects is in line with the needs of the population in matters of improving their living arrangements; however, many people are distanced from the National Projects, which is expressed in the lack of awareness and limited participation. The authors point out that the implementation of the National Projects in a region can be carried out in a consolidated manner or have multidirectional vectors of application of the activity and resource potentials of the population. Discussion and Conclusion. The interaction between the authorities and the population is a dialogue in which the interests of the parties are reconciled in order to achieve a common goal. The lack of taking into account the active role of the population in the implementation of socially significant results affects the quality of the development and the conditions for the implementation of the National Projects. The results of the study can contribute to the development of regional programs and activities aimed at increasing people’s participation in the implementation of the National Projects.

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P128 Sleep Need is more Strongly Associated with Self-rated Health and Daytime Function than Sleep Duration

SLEEP Advances ◽

10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.169 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A63-A63

Author(s):

H Scott ◽

S Appleton ◽

A Reynolds ◽

T Gill ◽

Y Melaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Online Survey ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Or Efficiency ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Daytime Function ◽

Rating Model ◽

Middle Aged Adults ◽

Health Rating

Abstract Introduction Most studies examining associations between sleep and health outcomes focus on sleep duration or efficiency, ignoring individual differences in sleep need. We investigated whether sleep need is a more influential correlate of self-rated daytime function and health than sleep duration. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of the 2019 Sleep Health Foundation online survey of adult Australians (N=2,044, aged 18–90 years). Hierarchical multiple linear regressions assessed variance explained by demographics (Model 1: age, sex, BMI), self-reported sleep duration (Model 2: Model 1 + weighted variable of weekday/weekend sleep duration), and individual sleep need (Model 3: Model 2+ how often they get enough sleep to feel their best the next day, on a 5-point scale) on daytime function items for fatigue, concentration, motivation, and overall self-rated health (EQ-5D, VAS 0–100). Results Sleep need explained an additional 17.5–18.7% of the variance in fatigue, concentration, motivation, and health rating (all p < 0.001 for R² change) in Model 3. Model 2 showed that sleep duration alone only explained 2.0–4.1% of the variance in these outcomes. Findings were similar when stratified by sex. Sleep need also explained greater variance for older adults than for younger and middle-aged adults, especially on health rating (Model 3: R² change = 0.11 for ages 18-24y, 0.14 for 45-54y, 0.27 for 75y+). Conclusions Sleep need explains more variance in daytime function and self-rated health than sleep duration. The role of sleep need on other daytime consequences, and in clinical populations, needs further exploration.

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Effects of Visual Display and Motion System Delays on Operator Performance and Uneasiness in a Driving Simulator

Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193128703100502 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 492-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lawrence H. Frank ◽

John G. Casali ◽

Walter W. Wierwille

Keyword(s):

Visual Motion ◽

Driving Simulator ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Visual Display ◽

Well Being ◽

Operator Performance ◽

Motion System ◽

System A ◽

Performance Examination

The role of visual-motion coupling delays and cueing order on operator performance and uneasiness was assessed in a driving simulator by means of a response surface methodology central-composite design. The most salient finding of the study was that visual delay appears to be more disruptive to an individual's control performance and well-being than motion delay. Empirical multiple regression models were derived to predict 10 reliable measures of simulator operator driving performance and comfort. Principal components analysis on these 10 models decomposed the dependent measures into two significant models which were labeled vestibular disruption and degraded performance. Examination of the empirical models revealed that, for asynchronous delay conditions, better performance and well-being were achieved when the visual system led the motion system. A secondary analysis of the role of subject gender and perceptual style on susceptibility to simulator sickness revealed that neither of these independent variables was a significant source of variance.

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Understanding patient-provider discordance in adolescents with lupus: The role of pain and antidepressant medication use

Health Psychology Open ◽

10.1177/2055102920977714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 205510292097771

Author(s):

Kathleen Kenney-Riley ◽

Shari Salzhauer Berkowitz ◽

Kimberly Rapoza

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Medication Use ◽

Antidepressant Medication ◽

Childhood Arthritis ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Pediatric Lupus ◽

Research Alliance ◽

Lupus Disease Activity

The current study examines depression and pain as potential contributors to patient-provider discordance in the assessment of lupus disease activity. The study conducted a secondary analysis of data obtained from the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance registry, with N = 859 adolescent participants. Assessments of pain, disease activity, and antidepressant medication use were collected from the patient and provider. Results indicated that depression might be underdiagnosed in pediatric lupus patients. While psychotropic medication and pain scores were independently related to greater patient-provider discordance regarding health status, pain mediated this relationship. Implications for treatment outcomes are discussed.

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