Predictive validity of a qualitative and quantitative Prechtl's General Movements Assessment at term age: Comparison between preterm infants and term infants with HIE

2021 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 105449
Author(s):  
Helen Robinson ◽  
Denise Hart ◽  
Brigitte Vollmer
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
General Movements

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, and Metabolic Health of Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed in Hospital Following Current Macronutrient Recommendations during the First 3 Years of Life

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1005
Author(s):  
Walter Mihatsch ◽  
Izaskun Dorronsoro Martín ◽  
Vicente Barrios-Sabador ◽  
María L. Couce ◽  
Gabriel Á. Martos-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Health Outcome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Vlbw Infants

The present study longitudinally evaluated growth, bone mineral density, body composition, and metabolic health outcome in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants whose in-hospital target nutrient intake was within recent recommendations. From six months to three years, bone mineral density (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA), body composition, and metabolic health outcome were compared with a reference group of term infants. The aim was to test whether in-hospital achieved weight gain until 36 weeks of gestation (light or appropriate for term equivalent age; LTEA or ATEA) predicts later growth, bone mineral density (BMD), abdominal obesity, or metabolic health outcomes such as insulin resistance, relative to term infants, during the first three years of life. Target in-hospital energy and protein intake was not achieved. Growth in weight, length and head circumference, mid arm circumference, adiposity, fat free mass (FFM), and bone mineralization in VLBW infants was less than those in term infants and influenced by nutritional status at discharge. Preterm infants had poorer motor and cognitive outcomes. Post-discharge body composition patterns indicate FFM proportional to height but lower fat mass index in LTEA preterm infants than term infants, with no evidence of increased truncal fat in preterm infants. The hypothesis of early BMD catch-up in VLBW infants after discharge was not supported by the present data. The clinical significance of these findings is unclear. The data may suggest a reduced obesity risk but an increased osteoporosis risk. Since postnatal growth restriction may have permanent negative health effects, LTEA VLBW infants would especially appear to benefit from targeted preventive interventions. Further follow-up of the infants is required.

scholarly journals Neonatal and Postneonatal Pulmonary Hypertension

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Satyan Lakshminrusimha
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Right Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Pulmonary Vein Stenosis ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Pulmonary Vasodilators ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Early Closure

During transition at birth with ventilation of the lungs, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreases from high fetal values, leading to an 8 to 10-fold increase in pulmonary blood flow (Qp). In some infants, this transition does not occur, resulting in pulmonary hypertension (PH). In infants, PH can present as: (a) primary PH in term neonates (idiopathic), (b) PH secondary to lung disease or hypoplasia in term infants, (c) acute PH in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), (d) chronic PH with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants and (e) post-neonatal PH. A hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can exacerbate PH in preterm infants due to increased Qp. Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) can complicate BPD with PH. Diagnosis of PH is based on clinical features, echocardiography and, in some intractable cases, cardiac catheterization. Therapy of PH includes oxygen, invasive or non-invasive ventilation, correction of acidosis, surfactant and selective and non-selective pulmonary vasodilators such as inhaled nitric oxide and sildenafil, respectively. Early closure of a hemodynamically significant PDA has the potential to limit pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with BPD and PH. The role of thiamine in pathogenesis of PH is also discussed with the recent increase in thiamine-responsive acute pulmonary hypertension in early infancy. Recognition and prompt therapy of PH can prevent right ventricular dysfunction, uncoupling and failure.

Infant–Father Attachment in Infants Born Preterm - A Brief Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ruediger Kissgen ◽  
Sebastian Franke ◽  
Nino Jorjadze ◽  
Bernhard Roth ◽  
Angela Kribs
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Attachment Quality ◽  
Attachment Research ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Problems ◽  
Strange Situation Procedure ◽  
Father Attachment

This study examines the infant–father attachment in infants born preterm (<  1500 g at birth and/or <  37 weeks gestation) in comparison to full-term infants. The infant–father attachment was assessed using the Strange Situation Procedure at a (corrected) age of 15 months. We found at least half of preterm and full-term infants (50.0% and 56.5 % respectively) securely attached to their fathers, and no significant overall difference was observed concerning the distribution of attachment quality comparing the two groups. In light of the fact that preterm infants tend to have numerous neurodevelopmental problems, it is encouraging that significant differences were not found in the distribution of the attachment quality among the groups. Therefore, from the perspective of attachment research, it would be highly beneficial to include fathers in the care of their preterm infants.

scholarly journals Introduction and feeding practices of solid food in preterm infants born in Salzburg!

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Hofstätter ◽  
Verena Köttstorfer ◽  
Patricia Stroicz ◽  
Sebastian Schütz ◽  
Lorenz Auer-Hackenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background It is shown that meeting the increased nutritional demand of preterm infants from birth is not only important for survival but essentially contributes to the infants` overall development and long-term health. While there are established guidelines for weaning term infants, evidence regarding preterm infants is scarce and less precise. The aim of this study was to identify the current practices on introducing solids to preterm infants amongst caregivers in Salzburg and determine potential reasons for early weaning. Methods Altogether 68 infants born between 24 0/7 and 36 6/7 weeks were recruited and detailed structured interviews with the caregivers were conducted at 17 weeks corrected age. Weight, height and head circumference were collected. Results 52% of the study group received solids before the recommended 17 weeks corrected age. For this group the mean age being 13.77 ± 1.11 weeks corrected age. Premature introduction of solids significantly correlates with exclusively and early formula-feeding. 34% were weaned due to recommendation by their paediatrician. 23% of the preterm infants even received solids before 12 weeks corrected age, putting them at risks for developing obesity, celiac disease and diabetes. Conclusions This study shows the necessity for clear guidelines regarding the introduction of complementary feeding in preterm infants as well as the importance of their implementation. Caregivers should receive information on this topic early enough and they should fully understand the difference between chronological and corrected age.

scholarly journals Delivery Room Management of Asphyxiated Term and Near-Term Infants

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marlies Bruckner ◽  
Gianluca Lista ◽  
Ola D. Saugstad ◽  
Georg M. Schmölzer
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Neonatal Resuscitation ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Delivery Room ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
Delivery Room Management

Approximately 800,000 newborns die annually due to birth asphyxia. The resuscitation of asphyxiated term newly born infants often occurs unexpected and is challenging for healthcare providers as it demands experience and knowledge in neonatal resuscitation. Current neonatal resuscitation guidelines often focus on resuscitation of extremely and/or very preterm infants; however, the recommendations for asphyxiated term newborn infants differ in some aspects to those for preterm infants (i.e., respiratory support, supplemental oxygen, and temperature management). Since the update of the neonatal resuscitation guidelines in 2015, several studies examining various resuscitation approaches to improve the outcome of asphyxiated infants have been published. In this review, we discuss current recommendations and recent findings and provide an overview of delivery room management of asphyxiated term newborn infants.

scholarly journals Predictive validity of the Lacey Assessment of Preterm Infants for motor outcome at 2 years corrected age

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 105334
Author(s):  
Anna M. Lukens ◽  
Naomi R. Winfield ◽  
Charlotte A. Xanthidis ◽  
Tomoki Arichi
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Motor Outcome

scholarly journals Trends in Costs of Birth Hospitalization and Readmissions for Late Preterm Infants

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Rebecca R. Speer ◽  
Eric W. Schaefer ◽  
Mahoussi Aholoukpe ◽  
Douglas L. Leslie ◽  
Chintan K. Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Late Preterm Infants ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Analysis Of Claims Data ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Birth Hospitalization

Background: The objective is to study previously unexplored trends of birth hospitalization and readmission costs for late preterm infants (LPIs) in the United States between 2005 and 2016. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of claims data to study healthcare costs of birth hospitalization and readmissions for LPIs compared to term infants (TIs) using a large private insurance database. We used a generalized linear regression model to study birth hospitalization and readmission costs. Results: A total of 2,123,143 infants were examined (93.2% TIs; 6.8% LPIs). The proportion of LPIs requiring readmission was 4.2% compared to 2.1% of TIs, (p < 0.001). The readmission rate for TIs decreased during the study period. LPIs had a higher mean cost of birth hospitalization (25,700 vs. 3300 USD; p < 0.001) and readmissions (25,800 vs. 14,300 USD; p < 0.001). For LPIs, birth hospitalization costs increased from 2007 to 2013, and decreased since 2014. Conversely, birth hospitalization costs of TIs steadily increased since 2005. The West region showed higher birth hospitalization costs for LPIs. Conclusions: LPIs continue to have a higher cost of birth hospitalization and readmission compared to TIs, but these costs have decreased since 2014. Standardization of birth hospitalization care for LPIs may reduce costs and improve quality of care and outcomes.

Periodic Breathing in Preterm Infants: Incidence and Characteristics

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
R. B. Baldwin ◽  
N. E. Lederer ◽  
P. A. Tansey ◽  
R. L. Ariagno
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Periodic Breathing ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Quiet Time ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Respiratory Dysfunction ◽  
Postconceptional Age

The prevalence and characteristics of periodic breathing in preterm infants were measured by 24-hour impedance pneumograms in 66 preterm infants before discharge from the nursery. Four periodic breathing parameters (percentage of periodic breathing per quiet time, number of episodes of periodic breathing per 100 minutes of quiet time, mean duration of periodic breathing, and longest episode of periodic breathing) were compared to data available from healthy term infants and from term infants who subsequently died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Periodic breathing was found in all preterm infants studied and mean periodic breathing parameter values (12.0%, 8.6 episodes, 1.2 minutes, and 7.3 minutes, respectively) in our preterm population were substantially higher than values from healthy term infants and SIDS victims. Most periodic breathing parameters decreased significantly in infants studied at 39 to 41 weeks' postconceptional age compared with earlier postconceptional age groups. No relationship was found between central apneas of ≥15 seconds' duration and postconceptional age or any periodic breathing parameter. Periodic breathing is a common respiratory pattern in preterm infants that is usually not of pathologic significance. Associations between elevated levels of periodic breathing and respiratory dysfunction or SIDS should be made with caution.

Kernicterus in Preterm Infants; Lest We Forget (To Turn on the Lights)

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-759
Author(s):  
N. KEVIN IVES
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Treatment Thresholds ◽  
One Act

Watchko and Oski have a reputation for stimulating debate on the topic of neonatal jaundice. As scriptwriters of "Vigintiphobia: a one-act play,"1 they questioned the `standard practice' applied to the management of jaundice in otherwise healthy term infants. In the current issue of Pediatrics2 they again court controversy by turning their attention to treatment thresholds and the risk of kernicterus in jaundiced preterm infants. We are provided with a thoroughly researched historical review of the risk of kernicterus in the preterm infant from 1950 to the 1990s. The story is presented as a journey of experience from the pre-intensive care era, through the so-called `low bilirubin kernicterus era' (1965 through 1982), to the present.

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