Vertical distribution and affecting factors of Escherichia coli over a 0–400 cm soil profile irrigated with sewage effluents in northern China

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the biological features, influence factor and Genome-wide properties of pathogenic donkey Escherichia coli (DEC) isolates associated with severe diarrhea in Northern China.MethodsThe isolation and identification of DEC isolates were carried out by the conventional isolation、automatic biochemical analysis system、serotype identification、16S rRNA test、animal challenge and antibiotics sensitivity examination. The main virulence factors were identified by PCR. The complete genomic re-sequence and frame-sequence were analyzed.Results216 strains of DEC were isolated from diarrhea samples, conforming to the bacterial morphology and biochemical characteristics of E.coli. The average size of the pure culture was 329.4 nm×223.5 nm. Agglutination test showed that O78 (117/179, 65.4%) was the dominant serotype and ETEC(130/216, 60.1%) was the dominant pathogenic type. Noticeable pathogenic were observed in 9 of 10 (90%) randomly selected DEC isolates caused the death of test mice (100%, 5/5) within 6h∼48h, 1 of 10 (10%) isolates caused the death of test mice (40%, 2/5) within 72h. Our data confirmed that DEC plays an etiology role in dirarrea/death case of donkey foal. Antibiotics sensitivity test showed significant susceptibility to DEC isolates were concentrated in Nor、EFT、ENR、CIP and AMK,while the isolates with severe antibiotic resistance was AM、TE、APR、FFC、RL and CN. Multi-drug resistance was also observed. A total of 15 virulence gene fragments were determined from DEC(n=30) including OMPA (73%), safD (77%), traTa (73%), STa(67%), EAST1 (67%), astA (63%), kspII (60%), irp2 (73%), iucD (57%), eaeA (57%), VAT (47%), iss (33%), cva (27%), ETT2 (73%) and K88 (60%) respectively. More than 10 virulence genes from 9 of 30(30%) DEC strains were detected, while 6 of 30(20%) DEC strains detected 6 virulence factors. phylogenetic evolutionary tree of 16S rRNA gene from different isolates shows some variability. The original data volume obtained from the genome re-sequencing of DEC La18 was 2.55G and Genome framework sequencing was carried out to demonstrate the predicted functions and evolutionary direction and genetic relationships with other animal E.coli.ConclusionsThese findings provide firstly fundamental data that might be useful in further study of the role of DEC and provide a new understanding of the hazards of traditional colibacillosis due to the appear of new production models.

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Horizontal and vertical distribution of microplastics in the Wuliangsuhai Lake sediment, northern China

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 754 ◽

pp. 142426 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ruofan Mao ◽

Junlin Song ◽

Pengcheng Yan ◽

Zhuozhi Ouyang ◽

Renren Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Lake Sediment ◽

Northern China ◽

Horizontal And Vertical Distribution

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Composition and vertical distribution of free living and plant parasitic nematodes in hop gardens in the Czech Republic

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-011-0017-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 124-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V. Čermák ◽

V. Gaar ◽

L. Háněl ◽

K. Široká

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Vertical Distribution ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Free Living ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Plant Parasitic

AbstractComposition and vertical distribution of soil nematode communities within soil profile were investigated in eight hop gardens in Czech Republic. In total, the presence of 78 nematode genera was confirmed. Genus Drilocephalobus (Coomans & Coomans, 1990) is new for fauna of the Czech Republic. The highest abundance of soil nematodes was found at a depth of 0–10 cm and declined with increasing depth of soil profile. The most dominant genus was Bitylenchus, followed by genera Acrobeloides, Ditylenchus, Chiloplacus and Cervidelus. Ten genera of plant parasitic nematodes were recorded: Bitylenchus (with prevalence of B. dubius), Helicotylenchus, Heterodera (with absolute prevalence of H. humuli), Geocenamus, Longidorella, Longidorus (only L. elongatus), Merlinius (with prevalence of M. brevidens), Paratylenchus and Pratylenchus. Low population densities of predators and omnivores, low values of the community indices (MI, ΣMI, SI, and CI), and high values of NCR, EI, and PPI/MI ratio indicated disturbed nematode communities in hop gardens and bacteria-dominated decomposition pathways in the soil food web.

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Effects of fine roots on the distribution of soil water and soil organic carbon in a shelterbelt modified agricultural system

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16234 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Huijie Xiao ◽

Junran Li ◽

Zhiming Xin ◽

Guan Wang ◽

Dong Wang

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Northern China ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Carbon Density ◽

Shallow Layer ◽

Soil Organic Carbon Density

<p>Shelterbelts, also termed windbreaks, play a significant role in reducing soil erosion, sand drift, and protecting crops, livestock and farmstead. Cropland shelterbelts are known to improve the microclimate and provide protection against sand-related damages to crops. However, the protection of shelterbelts to crops may be complicated by fine roots near the edge of the shelterbelt, which directly affects the absorption of soil water and the accumulation of soil organic carbon. In this study, we investigated the effects of shelterbelt fine roots on farmland soil water content (SWC) and soil organic carbon density in an agricultural system located in northern China. The distribution characteristics of fine-root biomass density, soil water content and soil organic carbon density were measured at the 0-200 cm soil depth in a farmland shelterbelt system at distances of 0.3H (H is the windbreak height), 0.5H, and 0.7H from the shelterbelt with three replicates. Soil samples were randomly collected in the center of the cropland. The results showed that fine roots of shelterbelts concentrated at the depth of the 20-60 cm soil layer, whereas the fine roots of the crop summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) were mainly found within the top 20 cm of the soil profile. With the presence of shelterbelt fine roots, strong SWC deficiency that occurred up to100 cm in the soil profile was observed. The SWC was deficient at all sampling points, the overall shallow layer deficient was larger than the deep layer. In contrast, the soil organic carbon was cumulative, and the overall deep accumulation was greater than the shallow layer. The effects of fine roots on SWC and soil organic carbon density variations in different soil layers were inconsistent. The information accrued in this study can be used to evaluate the effect of farmland shelterbelt on soil water and soil carbon in the Hetao irrigation area of Inner Mongolia, northern China.</p>

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Vertical distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms across a soil profile of the Chinese Loess Plateau and their responses to nitrogen inputs

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 635 ◽

pp. 240-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jinjin Tao ◽

Tongshuo Bai ◽

Rui Xiao ◽

Peng Wang ◽

Fuwei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Chinese Loess Plateau ◽

Chinese Loess ◽

Nitrogen Inputs ◽

The Chinese Loess Plateau

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Chlorine - Resistance of Coliform - Tested Bacteria Isolated from Raw and Treated Sewage Effluents

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1982.0092 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 14 (4-5) ◽

pp. 127-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L Y C Leong ◽

D Otsaka ◽

H F Ridgway ◽

B H Olson

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Treatment Processes ◽

Sewage Effluents ◽

Assay Procedure ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Disc Assay

Two hundred and seventy-four bacteria, predominately coliform organisms, isolated from sewage treatment effluents were screened for relative resistance to combined chlorine using a disc assay procedure. Bacteria isolated from tertiary chlorinated effluent were the most resistant to combined chlorine according to the assay procedure. Escherichia coli was the predominate organism isolated from the unchlorinated sewage treatment processes and ranked fifth of 13 genera in resistance to combined chlorine, while Enterobacter sp. was the dominant bacterial genera isolated from chlorinated tertiary effluent and was the most chlorine resistant.

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Seasonal and vertical distribution of Phyllophaga cuyabana (Moser)(Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in the soil profile

Neotropical Entomology ◽

10.1590/s1519-566x2009000500004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 582-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lenita J Oliveira ◽

José R B Farias ◽

Clara B Hoffmann-Campo ◽

Maria L B do Amaral ◽

Maria A Garcia

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Soil Profile

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Distribution of antibiotics in the vadose zone in Xiaodian Sewage Irrigation Area, Northern China

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199809016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 09016

Author(s):

Jiale Li ◽

Yihui Dong ◽

Zhanxue Sun ◽

Huijun Ding

Keyword(s):

Vadose Zone ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Northern China ◽

Sewage Sample ◽

Sewage Irrigation ◽

Lateral Migration ◽

Wet Season ◽

Water Shortages ◽

Irrigation Area

Because of water shortages, the Xiaodian area in northern China had a long history of sewage irrigation. To study the distribution of antibiotics in the vadose zone, a sewage sample and 5 soil profiles were collected and analyzed. Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones were the main antibiotics observed in the shallow vadose zone. The contents of antibiotics in the soil profile nearby the sewage irrigation area were 2-3 times greater than in the groundwater irrigation area, indicating that sewage irrigation has had a significant impact on the contents of antibiotics in the soil. The elevation of antibiotic contents during the wet season is likely related to the fluctuating water level within the shallow vadose zone. The distribution of antibiotics is influenced by the flow direction of irrigation water. Moreover, the possibility of introducing antibiotics into the soil of the shallow vadose via the lateral recharge of sewage in the Beizhang Drainage Canal can not be excluded. Approximately 50 % of Fluoroquinolones were reduced in the upper 50 cm of the soil zone and 70 % at 80 cm depth. Tetracyclines may have experienced significant lateral migration. Macrolides and Sulfonamides (SMs) have similar soil profile distributions, with a concentration decrease down to 20 cm depth.

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Incidence of Escherichia coli in Vegetable Crops and Soil Profile Drip Irrigated with Primarily Treated Municipal Wastewater in a Semi-Arid Peri Urban Area

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10070291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Deepak Singh ◽

Neelam Patel ◽

Agossou Gadedjisso-Tossou ◽

Sridhar Patra ◽

Nisha Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urban Area ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Municipal Wastewater ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

E Coli ◽

Treated Municipal Wastewater ◽

Subsurface Drip ◽

Semi Arid

This study investigates the incidence of Escherichia coli in cauliflower, bitter gourd and soil profile drip-irrigated with municipal wastewater in a semi-arid peri-urban area in India. There were four treatments: drip irrigation with primarily treated municipal wastewater through inline (non-pressure compensating) surface drip (T1), inline subsurface drip (T2), bioline (pressure compensating) subsurface drip (T3) and bioline surface drip (T4). Results revealed that T1 had the highest concentration of E.coli (35 ± 2.66 and 25 ± 2.26 colony forming unit (CFU) g˗1) and T3 had the lowest concentration of E. coli (29 ± 2.29 and 18.9 ± 2.04 CFU g˗1) for cauliflower and bitter gourd, respectively. In bitter gourd top fruits (1 m above the ground level), the E. coli count was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in the surface level fruits. There was also a considerable reduction of E. coli counts in bioline drip lateral as compared to the inline drip. A higher concentration of E. coli (470 ± 70.5 and 410 ± 36.9 CFU g˗1 soil) was also found in the top soil (0–0.15 m) in T1 treatment, while the minimum (154 ± 13.86 and 95 ± 14.25 CFU g˗1) was observed in T3. Hence, bioline drip lateral may be a better option for wastewater irrigation as compared to inline drip to reduce microbial contamination of crop and soil.

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