Economic implications of agricultural reuse of treated wastewater in Israel: A statewide long-term perspective

As the most important resource for life, water has been a central issue on the international agenda for several decades. Yet, the world’s supply of clean freshwater is steadily decreasing due to extensive agricultural demand for irrigated lands. Therefore, water resources should be used with greater efficiency, and the use of non-traditional water resources, such as Treated Wastewater (TW), should be increased. Reusing TW could be an alternative option to increase water resources. Thus, many countries have decided to turn wastewater into an irrigation resource to help meet urban demand and address water shortages. However, because of the nature of that water, there are potential problems associated with its use in irrigation. Some of the major concerns are health hazards, salinity build-up, and toxicity hazards. The objectives of this comprehensive literature review are to illuminate the importance of using TW in irrigation as an alternative freshwater source and to assess the effects of its use on soil fertility and other soil properties, plants, and public health. The literature review reveals that TW reuse has become part of the extension program for boosting water resource utilization. However, the uncontrolled application of such waters has many unfavorable effects on both soils and plants, especially in the long-term. To reduce these unfavorable effects when using TW in irrigation, proper guidelines for wastewater reuse and management should be followed to limit negative effects significantly.

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Modeling long-term health and economic implications of new treatment strategies for Parkinson’s disease: an individual patient simulation study

Journal of Market Access & Health Policy ◽

10.1080/20016689.2021.1922163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1922163

Author(s):

Conor Chandler ◽

Henri Folse ◽

Peter Gal ◽

Ameya Chavan ◽

Irina Proskorovsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Simulation Study ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Patient Simulation ◽

Economic Implications ◽

New Treatment

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Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.1515/johh-2015-0010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Karsten Schacht ◽

Bernd Marschner

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Soil Aggregate Stability ◽

Irrigation Effects ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

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Goat and Sheep Grazing in Shrub-Infested Semi-arid Woodlands of New South Wales.

The Rangeland Journal ◽

10.1071/rj9860140 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 140 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

BH Downing

Keyword(s):

Animal Species ◽

New South ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Dietary Preferences ◽

South Wales ◽

Continuous Grazing ◽

Local Observation ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Western Division

Examination of data on dietary preferences of sheep, goats and cattle suggests that different grazing systems are desirable for each of the three major woodland types (belah-rosewood, mulga, poplar box) examined. Competition for herbs, frequently palatable to all animal species, indicates that goats and sheep are unsuitable for joint use either in heavily wooded country or where annual herbaceous production is less than 200 kg-ha. Supplementary feeding, fire and judicious stocking are proposed as a strategy for inducing goats to eat a proportion of unpalatable shrubs. The literature provides little helpful information on how rangelands in the Western Division should be managed. No reports are given on comparisons of grazing systems, such as rotational grazing, rotational resting, and continuous grazing. No guidance is given on grazing after burning of the rangeland. Recommendations are generally against the use of goats for control of woody plants, whereas local observation shows this to be an apparently effective practice. The recommendations are mostly based on experimental procedures which, although suitable for detecting animal dietary preferences in the short term, are less appropriate for investigation of the effects of grazing on range condition in the long term. Some suggestions are made towards a different approach for: investigating the effects of grazing by sheep and goats on rangeland condition, and the economic implications of this in terms of animal production.

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Long term treated wastewater impacts and source identification of heavy metals in semi-arid soils of Central Botswana

Geoderma Regional ◽

10.1016/j.geodrs.2017.08.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 200-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ndiye M. Kebonye ◽

Peter N. Eze ◽

Felicia O. Akinyemi

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Source Identification ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Arid Soils ◽

Semi Arid

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Elevated nonlinearity as indicator of transition to overexploitation in fish stocks

10.1101/051532 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Vasilis Dakos ◽

Sarah M. Glaser ◽

Chih-hao Hsieh ◽

George Sugihara

Keyword(s):

Trophic Structure ◽

Type Model ◽

Western Atlantic ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

As Species ◽

Abrupt Changes ◽

Risk Of Extinction ◽

Statistical Metrics

AbstractEcosystems may experience abrupt changes such as species extinctions, reorganisations of trophic structure, or transitions from stable population dynamics to strongly irregular fluctuations. Although most of these changes have important ecological and at times economic implications, they remain notoriously difficult to detect in advance. Here, we use a Ricker-type model to simulate the transition of a hypothetical stable fisheries population either to irregular boom-bust dynamics or to overexploitation. Our aim is to infer the risk of extinction in these two scenarios by comparing changes in variance, autocorrelation, and nonlinearity between unexploited and exploited populations. We find that changes in these statistical metrics reflect the risk of extinction but depend on the type of dynamical transition. Variance and nonlinearity increase similarly in magnitude along both transitions. In contrast, autocorrelation depends strongly on the presence of underlying oscillating dynamics. We also compare our theoretical expectations to indicators measured in long-term datasets of fish stocks from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigation in the Eastern Pacific and from the Northeast Shelf in the Western Atlantic. Our results suggest that elevated variance and nonlinearity could be potentially used to rank exploited fish populations according to their risk of extinction.

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